Japan encephalitis: cututtuka, m, lamba

Japan encephalitis - wani cutar da ke shafar ba kawai mutane amma kuma dabbobi. A cutar yafi rinjayar da kwakwalwa. Wadan annobar cutar faruwa daga Agusta zuwa Satumba, da kuma šauki ba fiye da 50 days a shekara. Ana zargin nauyi ruwan sama a kan wani bango na zafi weather - yana da m yanayi domin vector kiwo cuta - sauro.

A kadan tarihi

Back a 1871, Japan da likitoci da aka bayyana cutar da wani m sakamako a 60% na lokuta. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1933 Haiashi ware da cutar da kuma sanin daidai da yadda cutar da ake daukar kwayar cutar. A kan ƙasa na Rasha, na farko ambaci Japan encephalitis cutar ta bayyana a 1938, cutar da aka gano a kudancin Primorye.

A cutar samu da sunan saboda barkewar cutar a Japan. A lokacin wadanda m sau, wato a 1924, da cutar fiye da 7000 mutane aka shafa, 80% na marasa lafiya mutu.

A kasar mu, cutar da ake kuma kira B encephalitis, sauro ko rani-kaka encephalitis.

Etiology da kuma ilimin Japan encephalitis

A causative wakili da cuta ne da cutar HALITTAR Flavivirus, na Togaviridae iyali. Virus aka kashe a lokacin da tsanani da zuwa da zazzabi na 56 digiri ne kawai minti 30. Idan tafasa, sa'an nan suka mutu bayan 2 minti. Idan virus ya bushe da daskarewa, shi ba za a rasa kuma za a iya adana kusan har abada. A dakin da zazzabi, da cutar zai iya riƙe da ikon rayuwa ga game da kwanaki 45 da kuma a cikin kiwo matsakaici kafin kwana 30.

zai yiwu vectors

Karkashin yanayi, da babban m ne waterfowl. Wasu rodent virus kuma aka ware.

A farm 'yan qasar Japan encephalitis iya aiki aladu da kuma dawakai. Aladu kawo cutar ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka, da kuma shiryawa zamani ne ba fiye da 5 days. Sosai da wuya marasa lafiya aladu iya zama maras wata-wata abortions.

An kamuwa da mutum ne m ga wasu. A cikin jikin mutum da cutar ta shiga yau da kamuwa da sauro. A cikin mutane, shiryawa zamani jeri daga 4 zuwa 21 days. Jari na kamuwa da cuta yakan faru a cikin m nama na sassa daban daban na kwakwalwa. Jijiyoyin bugun gini raunuka ne yiwu harsashi da kwakwalwa nama. A daidai wannan lokaci, mafi sau da yawa asymptomatic Pathology. Mafi yawan mutane da suka taba sha wahala daga encephalitis, akwai antibodies a cikin jini tsarin. Tare da shekaru, kowane mutum na rigakafi da tsarin kawai ƙarfafa.

Ina da cutar ne ya fi kowa?

Babu shakka, da Japan encephalitis ba sosai hali mu ƙasar. A cutar da aka samu a kudu zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da kuma shi ne na arewacin Australia, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Japan da kuma Indonesia. Jerin "m" kasashen hada game da jihohi 24. A general, karkashin barazana farko na da yawan jama'a na game 3 mutane biliyan a duniya. A kasar da sauro da zai iya sa cuta da ake samu a yi watsi da kauyuka a kan karkata daga kauyuka da garuruwa, da yankunan dake da sau da yawa ruwa da kuma high zafi.

pathogenesis

Character ga Japan encephalitis dogara da janar jihar kiwon lafiya. A koshin lafiya mutane ne, da ƙasa da hadarin cutar. Mafi sau da yawa, da cutar kashe riga a cikin allura shafin.

Idan duk wannan virus "dakatar da shi" a cikin jiki, ta ci gaba da dogara sun fi mayar a kan yanayin jiki: idan shi ke sama, sa'an nan da cutar ne "bugãwa" kuma yana bunkasa cikin sauri. A ƙãra jiki zafin jiki na taimaka wa m Hakika na cutar. Da zarar cutar ya rinjaya a cikin jini-kwakwalwa shãmaki, shi aka aiko zuwa ga kwakwalwa parenchyma. Wannan shi ne inda cutar ta fara aiki ci gaba. A tsanani lokuta, da haifuwa iya fara a cikin juyayi tsarin.

Japan encephalitis: Alamun

A cikin mutane, cutar na faruwa a matakai uku:

1. Fara. A tsawon lokaci na game da 3 days. Halin da wani yunkri zazzabi Yunƙurin zuwa 40 ° C, wanda za a iya rike a wannan matakin for game da kwanaki 10. Man damu game da ciwon kai, jin sanyi, zafi a cikin lumbar kashin baya, gastrointestinal yankunan da wata gabar jiki. Wasu marasa lafiya fuskanci tashin zuciya, har ya zuwa AMAI. Iya kara matsa lamba da kuma rãyar da bugun jini zuwa 140 lashe.

2. A m lokaci. A cikin 3rd ko 4th rana zo exacerbation Pathology, cututtuka na iya bayyana halayyar meningitis raunanar yanayin haƙuri, ko da coma. Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya fama da shafi tunanin mutum da cuta, hallucinations, rũɗi.

Muscle sautin da aka kara, da kuma haƙuri iya zama a wani supine matsayi a gefe ko a baya. Wata gabar jiki a lokaci guda, suna a cikin lankwasa matsayi. Muscle spasms faruwa a cikin wuyansa, kuma taban da ake tsokoki. Zai yiwu redness na na gani jijiya, har da kumburi. Wasu marasa lafiya da ciwon huhu, ko mashako.

3. Period warwarewa. Japan encephalitis a cikin wannan mataki na iya ci gaba zuwa 7 makonni. Jiki zafin jiki ne yawanci stabilized da kuma koma ga al'ada. Akwai iya zama saura effects na kwakwalwa lalacewa, tsoka rauni, asarar daidaituwa, bedsores.

Akwai marasa lafiya da suke fama da cutar a wani m tsari, ba tare da neurological bayyanar cututtuka.

Tsanani cuta na iya zama m.

Musamman epidemiology da kuma hangen nesa

Activators na Japan encephalitis aka fi sau da yawa samu a slaboobzhityh yankunan kusa da tafkunan da Marshes. A wurare masu zafi kasashen da annoba šauki tsawon fiye da 50 days. A hadarin kungiyar hada da mutane da suke aiki a waje ko kusa ruwa. Mafi sau da yawa fama da Japan encephalitis maza daga 20 zuwa shekaru 40.

A hadarin ne ma yawon bude ido da suka je a kan hutu a kasar tare da na wurare masu zafi sauyin yanayi, inda akwai high zafi da kuma monsoon. Wannan ne Philippines, Thailand, musamman arewacin jihar, India, Indonesia da sauran} asashe. Matafiya suna saboda haka karfi da shawarar da za a alurar riga kafi kafin tafiya zuwa wurare masu zafi kasashen.

Kintacen dawo ne sosai kananan, yiwuwar samun mace-mace ne 80%. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, m farko 7 kwanaki, da mãsu haƙuri iya fada a cikin wani coma, ko seizures m azãba.

Mutanen da suka gama ratsa dukan matakai na cuta, sau da yawa da saura effects:

• psychoses.
• hyperkinesis.
• rage a cikin ilimi ikon;
• inna.
• asthenic yanayin.

diagnostic matakan

Ganewar asali da cutar - shi ne mai sa na asibiti da kuma awon bincike. A lokacin da zabar wani Hanyar likitoci suna daidaitacce farko a kan haƙuri da yanayin. Ganewar asali ya hada da:

1. Laboratory gwaje-gwaje. A cikin makon farko bayan kamuwa da cuta domin sanin Pathology shi iya zama da wani jini gwajin. Fiye da mako biyu na gaba, za ka iya gane asali cutar dangane da sakamakon nazarin da cerebrospinal ruwa.

2. Serology. Ganewar asali ya shafi yin amfani da enzyme immunoassay, ko RN, RNGA-, RTGA- da DGC gwaje-gwaje.

likita hanyoyin kwantar da hankali

Jiyya na marasa lafiya da suke "hadu" vector na Japan encephalitis ba za a iya gudanar da daya kadai likita. A far hada da cututtuka, ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi da kuma resuscitators. Karkashin tsit yanayi da haƙuri da aka gudanar a takamaiman immunoglobulin ko magani, game da sau 3 a rana daya mako na magani. Tare da wannan zama symptomatic da pathogenetic far. Wadannan ayyuka suna da nufin rigakafin cerebral edema, detoxification, daidaita duk gabobin da kuma tsarin.

Babban matsalar shi ne cewa magani ne ba zai yiwu Japan encephalitis. Far iya kawai cire cututtuka. Saboda haka yana da muhimmanci sosai da za a alurar riga kafi a dace hanya.

Rigakafin cutar

Don hana annoba da matukar muhimmanci da aiki allurar rigakafi na yawan jama'a. Alurar riga kafi da Japan encephalitis da sunan "formolvaktsina". M gaggawa prophylaxis yana nufin gwamnatin 6 ml da kuma 10 ml immunoglobulin hyperimmune equine magani.

Bugu da kari, da rigakafin cutar - shi ne jerin m matakan kare da sauro hari. A ANNOBA hadarin yankunan za a iya bada shawarar yin amfani da tufafin kariya. M amfani da repellents, man shafawa da sprays, da yin amfani da dukkan matakan da su hana sauro a cikin falo.

Get alurar riga kafi da Japan encephalitis a Moscow iya zama a cikin birni da kuma masu zaman kansu kiwon lafiya cibiyoyin.

Mafi sau da yawa, mutumin da alurar riga kafi, "kashe shi" maganin, don haka babu rikitarwa bayan alurar riga kafi. A daidai wannan lokaci, shi ne shawarar tuntubar likita idan akwai rashin lafiyan halayen. Zai yiwu bayyanar redness da kumburi a allura shafin. Iya bayyana ciwon kai, gudawa, zafi a cikin tsokoki. Wasu marasa lafiya koka dizziness da tashin zuciya, jin sanyi, kuma kurji.

Allurar rigakafi ba za'ayi a gaban wani yawan cututtuka a cikin tsawon gestation kuma lactation, idan an san cewa haƙuri ta hypersensitivity zuwa heterologous sunadarai, mai tsanani rashin lafiyan halayen.

Yau, akwai 4 asali iri alluran da Japan encephalitis:

• inactivated.
• dangane linzamin kwamfuta kwakwalwa Kwayoyin.
• inactivated dangane da Vero Kwayoyin.
• recombinant live da kuma rayuwa attenuated alurar.

A mafi m maganin SA14-14-2 shige WHO maimatawar horaswa da kuma samar a kasar Sin.

Domin yawon bude ido, alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi, dangane da wanda ya kasa, za su tafi, inda za su zauna, a kan karkata gari ko a cikin birni, domin yaushe, 1 mako, wata ko shekara.

Alurar riga kafi za a iya za'ayi ta hanyar biyu makircinsu:

Jama'a suka yi part-time gona, kamata tabbatar da alurar riga kafi na dabbobi, inda suka suna girma. Aladu suna fi amfani da "live" maganin. A yankunan classified a matsayin hadarin yankunan, shi ne bu mai kyau zuwa ga gudanar da wani yau da kullum jiyya da magani.