Intel kayayyakin: chipsets. Bayani, bayanin, halaye, jerin da kuma sake dubawa

A cikin wannan labarin, kwakwalwar Intel wadda Intel ta samar za a tattauna dalla-dalla kuma aka bayyana Ga ƙarnõnin zamani na masu sarrafawa na wannan kamfani. Har ila yau, za a bayar da shawarwari game da zaɓin dabarun ƙwararrun mahaifi a yayin da ake tara sabon tsarin kwamfuta.

Mene ne "chipset"?

Kalmar nan "chipset" tana ɓoye saiti na kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda aka sanya a kan katako. Yana haɗa nau'ukan da dama na tsarin kwamfuta. Sunan na biyu shine tsarin dabara. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an haɗa shi da wani kwasfa ɗaya, wato, sigin mai sarrafawa. A cikin wannan labarin, hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa daga Intel, wanda har yanzu ana samunsu a sayarwa, za a yi la'akari.

"Sandy Bridge" da chipsets na 6th jerin

Mafi yawan "chipsets" Intel, wanda har yanzu ana samun su a kasuwa, su ne jerin 6th. Sanarwa daga cikinsu ya faru a farkon 2011, kuma zaka iya shigar da CPU na Sandy Bridge da Ivy Bridge. A shigarwa na CPU na biyu iyali iya bukatar sabunta cikin BIOS. Duk wadannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta aka shigar a cikin soket 1155 , kuma aka sau da yawa sanye take da wani Hadakar graphics bayani. Wani muhimmin ma'anar wannan dandalin shi ne cewa ya ƙunshi kaya guda ɗaya - "South Bridge". Amma "gabar arewa" an haɗa shi cikin mai sarrafawa. A mafi m daga gare su, shi ne chipset Intel H61. Ya yarda ya kirkiro tsarin ofisoshin kuɗi. Har ila yau a kan mahimmanci yana yiwuwa a yi PC mai kyau don binciken. Amma sharuɗɗun "Kor Ai5" ko "Kor Ai7" da "H61" suna da ban mamaki. Yana da wauta don shigar da mai sarrafawa mai zurfi tare da aiki kaɗan a cikin katako na MiniATX. Wannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta ya samar da kawai 2 RAM modules, sanye take da guda ɗaya na PCI-Express 16x v2.0 don shigar da matakan haɓaka na waje kuma yana da tashoshin USB 10 na USB 3.0 da 4 SATA don haɗa haɗin taƙama ko na'urar kwakwalwa.

Kashi na tsakiya an shafe ta da Q65, B65, Q67 (waxannan kwakwalwan ba su tallafa wa kwakwalwan Ivy Bridge). Bambanci tsakanin su da H61 shine yawan ramummuka ga RAM (a cikin wannan yanayin akwai 4 a maimakon 2) da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa (5 vs. 4). Da farko, mafi yawan amfanin su shine H67 da P67. Na farko wanda ya goyi bayan bidiyon bidiyo, amma an sanye shi da kawai sintiri daya don shigar da matakan haɓaka na waje. Kuma na biyu da aka yi nufi kawai ga yin amfani da external video cards (ya yi 2 ramummuka ga wannan dalili), amma a gina-in graphics totur a kan wadannan motherboards ba aiki. Hakanan, mafita bisa tushen Z68 sun haɗa da mafi kyawun H67 da P67. Wannan chipset za a iya la'akari da mafi kyau ga wannan dandamali.

Ivy Bridge da iyayensu don su

Sabon ƙarni na CPU "Ivi Bridge" ya zo a 2012 don maye gurbin "Sandy Bridge". Babu bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wadannan al'ummomin kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Abinda ya canza sosai shi ne tsarin fasaha. An tsara masana'antun da suka gabata na amfani da fasaha 32nm, kuma an gina sabon tsara ta hanyar amfani da fasaha 22nm. Rigon don waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta iri ɗaya ne - 1155. Tsarin tsarin shigarwa a cikin wannan yanayin kuma ya dogara ne akan na'urar Intel N61, wadda ta dace da goyon baya ga ƙwararrakin kwakwalwa guda biyu. Amma matsakaici da mahimman kuɗi a cikin wannan yanayin sun canza sosai. Ko da yake halayen Intel chipsets 7 jerin sun nuna cewa sun kasance kamar wadanda suka riga su. Matakan da ke tsakiyar wannan yanayin sun haɗa da B75, Q75, Q77 da H77. Dukansu sun sanye da sintin 1 don katin bidiyon kuma suna da rassa 4 don shigar da RAM. Sifofin mafi kyau ga sassan B75: 5 SATA 2.0 da 1 tashar SATA 3.0 don ƙungiyar kwakwalwar faifai da 8 na USB USB da kuma 4 ports USB 3.0. By hanyar, duk chipsets na 7 jerin ne kawai irin wannan yawan USB 3.0 kuma zai iya fariya. Q75 ya bambanta da B75 kawai ta wurin yawan tashar jiragen USB na USB 2.0, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin ya kasance 10 a maimakon 8. H77 da Q77, da bambanci da Q75 da B75, zasu iya yin alfaharin samun tashoshin SATA 3.0 guda biyu. Mafi girman kashi a cikin wannan yanayin ya wakilci Z75 da Z77. Idan kwakwalwan kwamfuta huɗu da suka wuce ba su damar ƙetare CPU da masu ba da damar haɓaka ba, to, waɗannan kwakwalwan kwamfuta biyu na iya kara yawan RAM. Har ila yau, a wannan yanayin, yawan ƙididdiga ga katunan bidiyo ya karu. A cikin mafita bisa Z75, akwai 2 daga cikinsu, kuma a Z77 - 3.

"Haswell", "Haswell Refresh" da kuma tsarin tsarinsa

A shekarar 2013, ya maye gurbin Socket 1155 zo 1150. irin juyin juya halin Musulunci ya canjãwa ta sarrafawa ba su da. Wani banda a cikin wannan girmamawa shine kawai amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, wanda a cikin wannan iyalin CPUs aka sake yin amfani da shi kuma wannan ya ba da izinin rage yawan nauyin ƙwayoyin thermal na lantarki ba tare da canza tsarin fasaha ba. A karkashin sabon soket, aka saki sababbin tsarin fasaha na tsarin. Siffofin su suna da yawa a na kowa tare da ƙarni na baya na jerin 7th. Akwai 6 chipsets: H81, B85, Q85, Q87, P87 da Z87. Mafi kyawun hali dangane da sigogi shine H81. Tana da rassa 2 kawai ga RAM, 2 SATA 3.0 tashar jiragen ruwa, 2 SATA 2.0 tashoshin da 1 slot don katin bidiyo. Har ila yau, yawan tashar jiragen ruwa USB 2.0 da 3.0, bi da bi, ya kasance daidai da 8 da 2. Dalilai na tushen ƙaddarar wannan tsari na tsarin, a matsayin mai mulkin, an sanya kwakwalwan kwamfuta "Celeron" da "Pentium". An karbe Intel B85 chipset daga H81 ta hanyar ƙara yawan ramin RAM (akwai 4 daga gare su), da tashoshi na USB 3.0 da SATA 3.0 (4 a cikin waɗannan lokuta vs. 2). Q85 zai iya, idan aka kwatanta da B85, ya yi fariya ne kawai 10 Siffofin USB na USB 2.0. Wadannan chipsets guda biyu ana amfani da su da yawa tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta "Kor Ai3". Ayyukan Q87, P87 da Z87 suna da alaƙa. Suna da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya 4, 8 USB 2 tashoshin jiragen ruwa, 6 Cables 3.0 da kuma 6 SATA 3.0 tashar jiragen ruwa. Chipsets Q87 da R87 sun kasance masu kyau ga "Kor Ai5" da "Kor Ai7" tare da masu tasowa da yawa. Amma Z87 an mayar da hankali ne a kan kwakwalwan kwamfuta da "K", wato, akan tsarin kwamfutar da aka gina domin overclocking CPU.

"Broadwell" da chipsets ga shi

A shekara ta 2014, an maye gurbin "Haswell" ta sabon kwakwalwan kwamfuta, mai suna "Broadwell". An haɓaka su ne bisa ga tsarin fasaha na 14 nm kuma ba su da cikakken jituwa tare da ka'idodi da aka tsara ta 8. An saki masu sarrafawa da kadan kuma a sakamakon haka, babu takamaiman bayani na kwakwalwan kwamfuta. An saki su kawai 2 - H97 da Z97. Na farko an yi nufi don CPU tare da kulle mai yawa sannan kuma ya sake maimaita sigogi na P87. Da kyau, chipset na Intel Z97 shi ne ainihin kwafin Z87, amma yana goyon bayan masu sarrafawa "Kor" na 5th generation. A hanyar, a cikin mahaifiyar da za ku iya shigarwa da kwakwalwan da ke cikin ƙarni na 4, wato, "Haswell".

Ginin tsarin "Skylight"

An tsara dukkanin tsarin da aka tsara na 5 don sabon zamani na CPU, mai suna "Skylayk": H110, B150, H170, Q170 Z170. Daidaita kwakwalwan kwakwalwan kwakwalwa na takwas da jerin 100 na nuna alamar karshen. A lokaci guda, sigogi na fasaha sun kasance kusan. Na farko daga cikin wadannan - H110 - an tsara su don amfani da tsarin kwamfuta da tsarin ofis ɗin, tare da "Celerons" da "Pentiums". B170 da H170 suna daidaita zuwa "Cor Ai3", "Cor Ai5" da kuma "Cor Ay7" tare da masu tasowa da yawa. Da kyau tare da masu tasowa "Kor Ai5" da kuma "Kor Ai7" (watau CPU tare da "K" index) yana da mafi daidai don shigarwa cikin motherboards bisa Z170. Akwai muhimmiyar mahimmanci a cikin wannan iyalin chipsets, wanda shine don tallafawa sabon nau'in RAM - DDR4. Amma dukkanin rubutattun ka'idoji na wannan kamfani suna goyan bayan DDR3 kawai.

Kuma abin da ke gaba?

Saurin rayuwa na 100th jerin chipsets Intel Kamar fara. Wadannan hukunce-hukuncen zasu kasance masu dacewa har tsawon shekaru biyu. Kuma tsarin sauyawa a nan gaba bazai yi sauri ba. Amma, a kowane hali, masu karɓarsa za su sami rabaɗɗen irin wannan a cikin ƙananan abubuwa. Har ma da sanarwa ga su za su kasance kamar.

Nasara ga masu goyon baya

Na dabam, wajibi ne a yi nazarin ka'idodin tsarin fasaha na masu amfani daga Intel. Chipset dandamali 2011 ya saba da duk da aka bayyana a baya. Na farko daga cikinsu shine X79. Ya yarda ya shigar da kwakwalwan da ke cikin Sandy Bridge da iyalin Ivy Bridge. An maye gurbinsa a shekarar 2014 ta hanyar X99, wanda aka yi nufi don shigar da hanyoyin "Haswell". Daga cikin wasu bambance-bambance, yana da muhimmanci don bayar da goyon baya ga RAM na DDR 4, yayin da X79 zai iya aiki kawai tare da DDR 3. Har ila yau, waɗannan masu sarrafawa, idan aka kwatanta da kwakwalwar da aka kwashe, za su iya alfahari da ingantaccen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (4 tashoshin) (Mafi kyawun mafita sun hada da irin waɗannan raka'a).

Shawarwari don zaɓar wani katako

An rarraba kwakwalwan kwakwalwar Intel ta kwakwalwa a cikin kullun. An bada shawara don gina mafita mafi mahimmanci bisa ga H81 da H110. Kwamfutar PC mai amfani ga masu goyon baya na kwamfuta shine mafi alhẽri ga tattara akan Z87, Z97 da Z170. Sauran kwakwalwan da aka rage suna amfani da tsarin kwamfyuta na matsakaici. Ayyukan su ne kawai don shekaru 2-3 masu zuwa tare da kai, amma yiwuwar overclocking an rage. To, sababbin sabuntawa na BIOS kullum suna nuna cewa wannan damar ba zai samu ba da da ewa. Mai sana'anta na chipsets yana rufe kansa. Daga matsayi na sabon abu shi ne mafi alhẽri ga zaɓar mafita na jerin nau'in, wanda yanzu ya fara bayyana ne kawai a kan ɗakunan ajiya. Amma a game da tanadi na kasafin kuɗi za su sayi mafiya araha mai nauyin samfurori 80.

Sakamako

A cikin wannan labarin, ana duba cikakken tsarin tsarin da aka saki tun daga 2011 ta hanyar Intel Corporation. Chipsets, wannan samfurin haɗin gwiwar semiconductor kusan kusan kowace shekara. A sakamakon haka, kowane sabon ƙarni na CPUs na buƙatar sayen katako mai suna. A gefe guda, yana ƙara yawan farashi na PC, kuma a gefe guda yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙa'idodin yadda ya kamata.