Ina zuwa girma orchids? Orchids a cikin daji

Blooming orchid iya yi ado da wani gida. Ya ƙara da launi zuwa ciki, Halicci ji na kyau da ta'aziyya. Amma kowa ya sani cewa orchid bai kasance wani potted flower, a yanayi akwai da yawa iri kyau. Ina orchids girma a cikin daji? Wanne kasar ya je ji dadin da na halitta kyakkyawa da tsire-tsire? Wadannan tambayoyi ne da daraja neman cikakken amsoshi.

Abin da irin shuke-shuke

Our fi so orchids ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin shuke-shuke. Tabbatar da kasancewar har da baya a matsayin Late Cretaceous lokaci. Bisa ga kimiyya rarrabuwa da orchid iyali nasa ne da sashen na flowering shuke-shuke, monocots aji, domin asparagales shuke-shuke. Latin sunan - Orchidáceae.

A total akwai fiye da 35 da dubu. Iri orchids. A gaskiya, wadannan tsire-tsire dokoki na bakwai na dukan launuka na duniya. Amma su ne remarkably daban-daban biyu a tsari da kuma a launi, da kuma size. Saboda haka, wanda yake ta, kyakkyawa, orchid? Inda ta ke tsiro (kasashe, nahiyoyi)? Abin da yanayi da ake bukata? Nawa mutane san game da shi?

A farko ambaci

A Verona, a kan rami Monte Bolsa, mafi tsufa da wani ɓaɓɓake daga orchids da aka samu. A flower sunan buga da Girkanci Falsafa Theophrastus, wanda ya rayu a cikin 6-5 ƙarni BC. Kyau shuka Falsafa kunshe a tsanaki rubutun a kan pharmaceutical o, kira De Historia Plantarum. Ancient masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa 2 tubercle a tushe na tushen kama mutum golaye, don haka ya yi kira da shuka "orchids" (a Greek yana nufin "kwai"). A tsarar masana kimiyya, da sunan har yanzu ana amfani a yau, shuke-shuke kira Orchidaceae, ko Yatryshnikovye.

Dioskrid masanin kimiyya wanda lokaci na rayuwa faru a arni na farko AD, ta ambaci orchids a cikin rubuce-rubucen. Ya yi ikirarin cewa shuka da aka sani zuwa ga Aztecs (Mexico), kuma sun yi amfani da daya daga cikinsu, musamman vanilla, don ƙirƙirar wani m abin sha.

Kuma a nan ne na farko rubutun a kan namo orchids aka rubuta a kasar Sin a cikin goma sha ɗaya karni. Akwai da yawa bayanai game da inda girma orchids, da girmamawa da aka a kan yadda za a yi ado da gidan bloomer da su kare kansu daga mugayen ruhohi.

ra'ayoyi

Tun da iyali na shuke-shuke shine babban, shi ne kara subdivided cikin kungiyoyin:

• wani rukuni na epiphytic orchids, wanda rayuwa a cikin itatuwa.
• kungiyar na saprophytic shuke-shuke da rayuwa karkashin kasa;
• wani rukuni na nazarin sasannin orchids.

Kuma yanzu, da sanin cewa orchids iya girma a cikin yanayi a yanayi daban-daban, yana yiwuwa ya yi magana game da rarraba.

Rarraba orchids

Orchid shuke-shuke a dukkan nahiyoyi. Babu sa'a kawai zuwa Antarctica, amma akwai kullum tugovato shuke-shuke. Mai wakilan za a iya samu a wurare masu zafi latitudes. Wannan shi ne saboda mafi m yanayi domin girma. A yammacin sahara, da mafi yawan epiphytic orchid jinsunan.

A cikin temperate latitudes daga cikin na kowa terrestrial herbaceous Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. Suna iya zama rhizomatous da tuberous. Amma orchids ne sosai kasa da a yammacin sahara. Idan muka yi la'akari da arewacin yammancin duniya, a temperate latitudes, inda akwai nazarin sasannin orchids kungiyar, za a iya samu ba fiye da 75 danginsu. Wannan shi ne game da 10%. Kuma a tsakiyar latitudes na Kudancin Hemisphere shi ne wakilta a total na 40 haihuwar.

A tsohon Tarayyar Soviet za a iya samu up to 49 danginsu orchids.

Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da wani matukar rabo na orchids a kan sauyin yanayi lardin:

1. A farko hada da Jamhuriyar America, ta Kudu Amurka, Afirka da sauran wurare na Coast, located a kan wannan layi daya. Yana dumi da kuma gumi, kawai abin da son epiphytic orchids. A farko zone akwai wakilan duk kungiyoyin.
2. Na biyu zone hada da dutsen yankuna, da cewa shi ne, da Andes, duwãtsu na Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. A zafin jiki a nan shi ne kadan m, amma zafi ne high. A karo na biyu zone iya zama, kusan dukan wakilan na orchids.
3. The uku zone qunshi wani tudu da steppe. Domin orchids ne m yanayi, amma sun kasance ba a wuya yanayi. Akwai wani karamin yawan jinsunan epiphytic da kuma duniya.
4. A karo na hudu da zazzabi yanki yana da wani yanayi. Orchid kananan. Kawai terrestrial jinsunan.

epiphytic orchids

Epiphytic orchids ba bukatar ka girma da kuma wadata ƙasar. Bishiyoyi da kankara, inda orchids girma, ba su kawai goyon baya. Tushen ne a cikin iska, daga abin da suka samu da kuma danshi da kuma abinci mai gina jiki. Amma da yawa zaton cewa orchids ne parasitic a kan itatuwa. Mafi yawa daga cikin epiphytic jinsin su ne thickening, kama da tubers. Wannan karya kwararan fitila (pseudobulbs), wanda tara gina jiki da kuma danshi.

Subspecies epiphytic orchid shuke-shuke girma a kan kankara, da ake kira lithophytes. A duwatsu yawanci girma wadanda jinsunan cewa a cikin kewaye gandun daji ne ba da isasshen haske. Da sauƙi, litofitnye orchids a yanayi ma da m asalinsu.

saprophytic orchids

Shi ne wajen babban rukuni na shuke-shuke kunshi sauki mafaka ba tare da ganye, amma tare da ɓamɓaroki. Karshen tsere a goga launi (a houseplants yawanci guda flower).

Saprophytic karkashin kasa da shuka yana ba chlorophyll. Organic abubuwa cikinta fada na humus substrate. Karkashin kasa rhizome yawanci kama murjani. Ya alama - da rashin iyawa, don samar da sabon asalinsu. Rhizomes rayayye sha ruwa a fadin surface, cikinsa da narkar da na gina jiki. Organic abubuwa don girma da kuma ikon saprophytic orchid samar mycotic naman gwari.

terrestrial orchids

Kungiyar ta hada terrestrial orchids shuke-shuke, wanda da na kowa kore ganye, karkashin kasa kwararan fitila ko tushen da kuma tushen buds. Irin wannan nau'in yadu rarraba a Amurka da Turai. A nan, su tsawo ne game da 50 cm. Amma a yammacin sahara, inda akwai daji orchids, terrestrial jinsunan iya zama yafi hakan. Sau da yawa sosai, su ne kamar blooming yada shrub.

Orchids terrestrial jinsunan da na kowa karkashin kasa tushen tsarin ko tushen buds. Bayan wintering na matasa buds girma sabon harbe.

Saba Stranger - phalaenopsis

Wadannan shuke-shuke suna sosai sau da yawa sayar a flower shagunan a duniya. Mun lambu ne Popular orchid Phalaenopsis. Ina girma da wannan nau'in a cikin daji, kada san kome da kome. Amma a gida kula ga kyakkyawa bayanai galore. Bari ta cika a cikin gibba a cikin ilmi da kuma magance daji Phalenopsis.

A jinsin aka rarraba ta kudu maso gabashin Asiya da kuma China. Gumãkan a cikin Himalayas, Indochina, da Malay tarin tsiburai, a Philippines. Yana maida hankali ne akan yankin Taiwan, New Guinea da kuma Australia. Sumatra da Andaman Islands samu kũtsãwa phalaenopsis. Species fi son monsoon gandun daji, kazalika da dutsen, kuma rainforests. Phalaenopsis ne epiphytic kungiyar.

Dendrobium nobile - Manzon Allah Sallallahu orchid

Mene ne daraja orchid Dendrobium Nobile? Inda akwai a cikin yanayin wadannan furanni? Mafi sau da yawa da suka za a iya samu a cikin Himalayas, kudancin kasar Sin, a Arewacin Indiya, Vietnam da Indonesia. A fannin rarraba hada da kudancin Eurasia. A tsire-tsire masu epiphytic da litofitnoy kungiyar, amma wasu iri ne duniya. Bayyanar Dendrobiums kyau sosai. Harbe girma daga pseudobulbs, kuma kowa da kowa zai iya bayar da 10-20 furanni. A shuka yana da dadi m dandano.

Cattleya - flavorful American

Beautiful Cattleya zo zuwa Turai quite da hatsari. Its ganye da aka yi amfani da matsayin marufi abu a sufuri na wurare masu zafi lichens. Kunshi tare da shuke-shuke aika zuwa William Cattleya suka manta to jifa "marufi." Kuma a sa'an nan wata mu'ujiza ya faru - a kan wani tari na kore sharar sun kyawawan furanni! Tun ana karatu m jinsunan orchids. Don kwanan wata, akwai fiye da 60 sub-jinsuna na wannan HALITTAR na orchids.

Daban-daban na Cattleya bukatar daban-daban yanayin damina. Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Amirka, inda akwai orchids na da irin wannan yana da wani ƙasa da daban-daban yawan zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki yanayi. Wasu jinsunan rayuwa a cikin Amazon, inda zafi na iya kai 100%. Wasu na bukatar karin bushe da rana wurare. A 'yan jinsunan Cattleya girma a duwatsun Brazil, inda hunturu zafin jiki na kusa 5 ° C. Cattleya HALITTAR kuma kunshi epiphytic shuke-shuke da litofitnyh.

Duk da babbar dama jinsunan, orchid shuke-shuke a cikin daji bukatar da za a kare. Wannan Gaskiya ne, na orchids Eurasia. Alal misali, a Rasha, Belarus da Ukraine akwai kusan 130 jinsunan terrestrial orchids, da kuma yi musu wa'adi da nau'i nau'i.