Hodegetria - abin da yake da shi? Icon "Hodegetria"

Wannan talifin zai la'akari: "Hodegetria - abin da yake da shi?" Bugu da kari, ya koyi game da asalin na icon, kazalika da tsufa da image, wanda shi ne almara. La'akari da data kasance gumaka kuma lists daga asali image.

Hodegetria - abin da yake da shi?

Daga ina suka zo wannan hanyar? A cewar labari da aka asali da aka rubuta da manzo Luka, a lokacin rayuwa da Virgin. Wannan hoton, wanda daga baya ya zama da aka sani da Hodegetria, a cikin na biyar karni, aka aika zuwa Konstantinoful. Na dogon lokacin da nake a Odegon sufi. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa wannan wani jerin icon to Blachernae. A hoton farko da aka adana, da kuma wani karamin sashi na alkyabbar na Virgin.

A ranar, da Tretyakov gallery ƙunshi daya daga cikin tsofaffin irin images, wanda ya kasance a matsayinsa kamar yadda ya kafin. Wannan icon aka sauko daga Pskov kuma Dates baya ga XIII karni karshen. A baya can, ta kasance a cikin coci na St. Nicholas daga konkoma karãtunsa fãtun.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa sunan wannan hoton na da labari. A cewar ta ga Uwar Allah, ya bayyana a gaban waɗansu makafi biyu suka kuma ko ta yaya inexplicably kawo su cikin Haikalin da yake da Blachernae. Sadar zuwa fama da wannan sunan icon, da kuma da suka ga haske. Tun daga nan, wannan hanya da aka mai suna "Hodegetria", wanda fassara daga Girkanci matsayin "putevoditelnitsa".

A cewar wani labari, da icon ya zama mai albarka ga bikin aure na Anne, wanda shi ne 'yar Greek sarki Constantine Porfirorodnogo. Bayan wani dogon tafiya zuwa Rasha, kuma shi samu da sunan da.

"Hodegetria" a Rasha

A cikin ƙasa na yanzu Rasha icon fadi wani wuri a tsakiyar XI karni. Ta kawo Princess Anne, wanda bayan wani lokaci ya zama matar Vsevolod Yaroslavich na Chernigov. Wannan hoton da aka asali banmamaki da jin dadin na musamman veneration na Kiristoci. Bayan wani lokaci "Odigitria" icon na Uwar Allah, ya zama sananne a matsayin Smolensk.

A sa na lists tare da wannan icon sosai da sauri bazu ko'ina Rasha. Hakika, da image ya halartar wasu canje-canje tun da m iconographic Canon ga irin wannan da Uwar Allah ya ba, kuma babu daya da'awar ainihin kwafin wuraren bauta. Duk da haka, kowa da siffofin gumaka aka kiyaye.

Na musamman munasaba ga Uwar Allah a Rasha

Saboda haka, icon "Hodegetria" a Rasha ne quite rare da sosai girmama. Evidence wannan ne da yawa lists na farko image, wanda sayar ga tsoho. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Virgin m ga mutane da suke zaune a wannan yanki, kamar yadda a wurare da dama an dauke zama majiɓinci, kuma maceci.

Sau da yawa sosai m salla kubutar da mutum daga wani masĩfa ko masifa. A wannan, akwai yalwa da shaida biyu a tsufa da kuma yau.

Iconography image

Icon "Hodegetria" - musamman image na Our Lady. A Girkanci, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, shi ne "putevoditelnitsa". A icon yana da wani muhimmanci na musamman ga Kiristoci. A wannan hanya shi ne yawanci aka nuna da Virgin Mary da Child. Ta hannun - a yatsa nuna Ɗan (located a gaban kirji), kazalika da domin ceton dukan 'yan adam. Wannan batu ne mai muhimmanci. A hagu zaune da jariri kansa. Hannunsa na hagu ne shagaltar da wani littafi birgima, da kuma hannun dama da aka tashi a cikin wani karimcin da albarka. Baby kafafu ko ketare ko shirya kai tsaye. Yawanci Dan wanda aka nuna frontally, amma wani lokacin za su iya zama rabin-juya ya kõma. A cikin wani hali mai karimcin da albarka da aka kiyaye. Virgin ne, wani lokacin Zagayawar a kan kursiyin, wani lokacin cikakken tsawon ko kugu-zurfi.

Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan hoton da aka sani na dogon lokaci, ko da a gaban VI karni, a Palestine kuma Misira. Bayan da cewa shi ne tartsatsi a ko'ina cikin Orthodox Gabas. A III karni akwai tauhidin fassarar da image, wato fassarar lokacin da jiki ya zama daga Virgin. Ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne daga wannan scene akwai sabon, cewa an kai tsaye alaka da Uwar Allah. Wannan "Burning Bush" da "Hurumi bango", kuma da yawa wasu.

Smolensk icon - mafi m ga irin wannan

Icon "Hodegetria Smolenskaya" yana dauke da samfur na duk wadannan gumaka a Rasha. Its tarihi ke mayar da ƙarni, amma shi ne m da Legends da aka wuce daga fuska da fuska. An yi imani da cewa shi ne jerin daya daga cikin na farko gumaka, wanda aka fentin da ManzonSa Luka. Don Rasha ta zo, kamar yadda aka rubuta a sama, 'yar Sarkin sarakuna Constantine.

Da zarar ya mutu Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich da matarsa, Anna, da icon da aka gaji da su dan - Vladimir Monomakh. Ya sha wahala a banmamaki image na Smolensk da kuma sanya shi a cikin coci na ɗauka na Virgin. Tun daga nan, kuma ya zama wani icon na Smolensk.

By yawan aikata abubuwan al'ajabi ta ne a kan daya daga cikin wurare na farko na wasu kamar ta. Shi ne "Uwar Allah na Smolensk Hodegetria" a 1239 ya kuɓutar da kuma kare wannan Rasha ƙasar daga mamayewa na sojojin na Batu Khan.

A farkon karni XV icon an koma Moscow da kuma sanya shi a cikin Kremlin Cathedral na Gaske Shelar. Bayan wani lokaci, shi kuma ya koma gidansa a Smolensk. Bayan haka, hoton har yanzu sanya da yawa daga tafiya da kuma na hijira, musamman a lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe da aka ci mataki, amma ko da yaushe koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Abin baƙin ciki, bayan abubuwan da suka faru na yakin duniya na II, image na ƙaddara shi ne ba a sani ba.

A cikin lokaci tare da wannan icon da aka rubuta da yawa daga lists cewa sun bazu ko'ina Rasha. A Smolensk, a kan site na zamanin d icon ne daban-daban a yanzu, wanda kuma yana da banmamaki, Properties. An dauke da daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci wuraren bauta da Rasha ƙasar.

Tikhvin icon

A wani par da Smolensk hanyar girmama da kuma "Hodegetria na Tikhvin". Our Lady yana da guda dogon tarihi, a lokacin da akwai ban mamaki lokacin. An yi imani da cewa image bace daga Konstantinoful a bãyan fall, kuma bayan wani lokaci ya bayyana a Rasha kusa Tikhvin.

A cewar labari, da sarki na Konstantinoful da kansa ya ce wannan ne icon, wanda sau daya ne a cikin Blachernae coci. A Tikhvin sufi image aka kuma wallafa su a cikin hanyar matsayin asali a cikin coci na Konstantinoful. Akwai ya aka sa har gidajen lama da majami'u sun fara ba don rufe fadin kasar (Soviet zamanin).

A Soviet shekaru icon a Amurka, da kuma a 2004 ya koma Rasha, inda ya fara da za a sake ƙirƙirarsu Tikhvin sufi.

Kazan icon

Wani shahararren "Virgin Hodegetria" a Kazan. Wannan icon aka kai a 1579 a Kazan, bayan akwai mai tsanani wuta a cikinsa, wanda ya hallaka kusan dukan mazauna. Hoton na Uwar Allah da aka saukar zuwa ga yarinya, wanda haƙa da wani icon daga cikin toka.

Banmamaki samu na image bayan wani mummunan bala'i bugi duk sosai. Mutane da yawa a wancan lokacin sun ga rukũ'i ta, sai ta ba begen samun ceto (bayan ciyar da sanyi, da kuma mutane da yawa kasance a kan titi, rashin gida, da kuma wata dukiya).

Daga bisani, a cikin umurnin Ivana Groznogo aka gina Kazan Cathedral, da kuma gaba da shi aka kafa wata Convent. Ayyukan al'ajibai fara faruwa a kusa da gunkin nan da nan bayan saye (m biyu makafi).

A ranar, da asali icon ba ya wanzu, wasu lokaci da aka rasa. Duk da haka, da yawa lists ta wanzu a yau, shi ne sanannen domin ta mu'ujizai.

Sauran sanannun gumaka na da irin wannan

Icon "Hodegetria na Smolensk", ba shakka, cikin shahararrun da sauransu na irin wannan. Duk da haka, akwai wasu da dama, kamar ta. Daya daga wadannan gumaka ne Jojiyanci. Da farko, ta kasance a cikin Georgia, amma bayan 1622 ta dauka don Farisa (faru da ci na kasar ta Shah Abbas). Ta tafiya ya dade, kuma shi ya tsaya a Arkhangelsk yankin a Krasnogorsk sufi. A ranar, da asali image da aka rasa, amma akwai lists tare da shi. Addu'a kafin icon daukaka don zubar da daban-daban annoba, kazalika da cewa in warkar da kunne da kuma ido cututtuka.

Wani, babu kasa mai muhimmanci, wani icon, wanda ya nuna da Uwar Allah Hodegetria, shi ne Iver. Wannan hoton yana da wani m m tarihi. A cikin IX karni shi ne a cikin gida na wata taƙawa mace. A da iconoclastic lokaci, kuma ta yanke shawarar ajiye a icon daga halaka, saukar da shi a cikin teku ruwa. Icon bayyana kawai ƙarni biyu daga baya, kusa da Dutsen Athos, kusa da Yaren Kasar sufi. Domin an gina Ƙofar coci, inda hoton da aka adana da kuma har yanzu.

Hakika, wannan ba duk hotunan na irin wannan, wanda aka kiyaye da kuma girmama a da yawa gidajen lama da kuma haikalin. Su ne quite mai yawa, kuma suka duk suna da nasu musamman iko da samar da taimaka.

Ibada, wanda ne duqufar da siffar "Hodegetria"

Bayan dauke da tambaya: "Hodegetria - abin da shi ne" - ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan image dace zuwa wasu wuraren bauta. Alal misali, a birane da yawa a duka Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe, akwai haikalin, wanda aka gina a cikin girmamawa ga siffar "Putevoditelnitsa". Ka yi la'akari da jerin:

• Church Kimzha ne a Arkhangelsk yankin (ba m).
• Church a birnin Disney Belarus (addashin).
• ɗakin sujada coci Hodegetria, ta ne a Simferopol, Crimea (na yanzu).
• Church in Kasimov, Ryazan yankin da yake a cikin (na yanzu).

Kuma akwai majami'u, chapels kuma haikalin quite babban lamba, kamar yadda da veneration na Virgin Orthodox Good.

ƙarshe

Saboda haka yanzu ka san amsar wannan tambaya: "Hodegetria - abin da shi ne," Kuma ma game da yadda akwai wannan iconographic irin da abin da su ne shahararrun icons, sadaukar da shi. Shi ne m sa a Rasha da image haka girmama, saboda Virgin ne ba kawai domin ya ceci mutane daga daban-daban matsaloli, wahayi zuwa bangaskiya, da kuma bege, Ba na ba ka rasa zuciya.