Hanyoyi da kayan aiki dogon tsalle tare da wani Gudun farko. Standards a dogon tsalle

Long tsallen da gaskiya da na nufin wani acyclic motsa jiki irin. Don zama nasara a wannan wasa na bukatar ba kawai mai kyau high-gudun data, amma kuma da ci gaban na jiki halaye. Saboda haka, 'yan wasa ya zama tsayi da mun gwada low nauyi.

A tarihin ci gaban da dogon tsalle

Domin da farko lokacin da wasanni da ya bayyana a zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Ya kasance mai babban ɓangare na pentathlon. A daidai ranar da ya faru ba zai iya zama cikin dogon tsalle tare da wani Gudun fara zuwa masana tarihi na Yarjejeniya, amma an san cewa zamanin d 'yan wasa cika duk darussan da kaya a hannunsa. More sau da yawa fiye da ba shi ya kasance wani makeweight kananan dumbbells. Landings aka sanya a kan gãshin gona ko yashi.

Official gasa a cikin wannan wasanni fara a za'ayi lokaci guda tare da bayyanar guje guje. Kuma riga a 1860 tsalle da aka kunshe a cikin babban shirin na shekara-shekara na gasar a Jami'ar Oxford. A farko taron an rajista rikodin yawa zuwa 5,95 m. A tsawon shekaru, babban rabo mai ba wanda ya iya doke.
Duk da haka, da Burtaniya da kuma Tosuell Lane - na farko masu sana'a da 'yan wasa, dogon tsalle da wuce dokin 6 m, daya a 1868 gaza cimma manufa na 6,40 m, da kuma sauran -. 7,05 m (1874). Domin fiye da shekaru 60 da na rikodin Lane (7.05 m) ya misali su bi. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1935, na almara American mai nutsa David Owen ya iya cinye alamar 8,13 m. Wannan rikodin dade har shekarar 1960, lokacin da International Association of tsalle-tsalle da aka yi halitta. Tun wannan lokacin, duk da sakamakon da nasarori da aka hukuma da rajista.

Amma ga mata category, da farko rikodin mariƙin ya da Japan Hitomi a 1928, ya motsa da ƙarfi a 5,98 m. The shida mita alama a 1939, cin nasara da ta Jamus Schulz (6.12 m).

Long Jump: Hanyoyi

Akwai 3 irin motsa jiki kayan aiki na zamani. Wadannan su ne hanyoyin da na dogon tsalle tare da wani a guje farko, kamar yadda "caved a", "lankwasa kafafunsa" da "almakashi". Kowace daga cikinsu na bukatar musamman da dabarun da kuma dabaru na jirgin.

A mafi sauki don koyi da yi a tsaye dogon tsalle, kafafu lankwasa. Ya main nuance - rage tsoka tashin hankali cinyoyinsa da ciki. Don yin wannan, da dan wasa yana bukatar tanƙwara da kuma cire sama da centrifugal jogging taki. Housing bukata shi ne dan kadan tilted baya. A wannan yanayin, da hannayensu ke ƙaddamar da farko a gaba, sa'an nan kuma up. By rage jirgin hanya fara ra'ayoyi. Gurfãne kamata a tashe high da ƙananan kafa rataye da yardar kaina. Housing leans gaba, hannuwansa motsi gaba daga saman, sa'an nan saukar da baya. A lokacin da saukowa kafafu ya zama mike a cikin gurfãne. A heaviest a cikin wannan dabara ne don ci gaba da sikeli.

A Hanyar "caved a" na bukatar dogon horo, kamar yadda ya yi matukar wuya sake fasalin kudin na tunkuxe. A lokacin da jirgin, da dan wasa dole runtse flywheel kafafu da kuma sa'an nan tura shi da baya kamar yadda ta yiwu. Hands sa a madauwari motsi kewaye iri na agogo daga kasa zuwa top. A wannan lokaci, da dan wasa bayyana tanƙwara a cikin jiki. Saboda da mikewa daga ciki tsokoki yana yuwuwa ta Yunƙurin na ƙafafun yayin da saukowa. Tashi biyu daga kashi uku ɗin hanya, da jumper dole yi iyakar tibia gaba, straightening da gurfãne. A downside wannan dabara ne gaskiya cewa 'yan wasa ba zai iya aiwatar da duk ta high-gudun damar.

A bisa hanyoyin da dogon tsalle daga takeoff sosai kama. Duk da haka, da dama dabaru "almakashi" na nufin wani mutum da mafi wuya category. A nan, a lokacin da jirgin dan wasa dole ne ta ci gaba da da na halitta motsi (gudãna a cikin iska). A karkashin dokoki na jumper ake bukata don yin akalla 2.5 farar. A wannan mataki da jiki ya kamata a dan kadan karkata baya. Hands yin wani madauwari motsi asynchronously da ƙafãfunsu su kula da sikẽli. Ra'ayoyi tare da wani misali saukowa.

Long Jump: Appliances

Manufar wannan wasa ne domin shawo kan iyakar kwance nesa a lokacin da jirgin. Dabara na bukatar dogon tsalle motsi acyclic tsarin. A tasiri na horo ne ya sa ta da yiwuwar wani dan wasa ya ci gaba da gudu. Nasarar da dogon tsalle ne ba kawai da ikon da sauri gudu da kuma tura kashe karfi, amma da ikon matsawa daidai lokacin da jirgin. Kawai a cikin wannan hanya za a iya cimma a irin wannan sakamakon. Muhimmanci ne ma saukowa dabara.

Professional 'yan wasa sau da yawa suna amfani da hanyoyin da irin tsalle kamar "caved a" da kuma "almakashi". Dalilin su yi amfani da shi ne mafi girma da ya dace a jirgin. M dogon tsalle da wani daga cikin wadannan hanyoyi na bukatar wani babban matakin fasaha da kuma babban gudu da kuma ikon halaye. Har ila yau muhimmanci ne mai kyau-ɓullo da daidaituwa tsarin.

A makarantun addini mafi sauki hanyar motsa jiki "Yanã mai karkatar da kafafu." Long Jump, inda koyo dabara ba ya bukatar lokaci mai yawa, kuma musamman basira, shi ne mai sauqi ka yi ko da a wani matasa shekaru (9-10 years). A cikin ilimin motsa jiki malamin ya kamata kula ga sabon shiga a kan jirgin dabara da kuma kungiyoyin. In ba haka ba, da chances na rauni.

Phase yin dogon tsalle ne zuwa kashi da dama, saukarwa. Da farko ya yi gudu da tunkuxe, bi da jirgin. A karshe mataki za a saukowa.

Yadda za a yi da gudu

Babban nuna alama na wannan aiki shi ne gudun. A yadda sauri warwatse dan wasa dogara da kewayon da jirgin, da cewa shi ne karshe sakamakon. Distance ga m sarari da kuma yawan matakai dauka kowane dan wasa nã zãɓen. Wannan mutum halaye, wadda ake bisa jiki halaye na jumper.

Professional 'yan wasa a lokacin da gudu-har zuwa nesa na 50 mita sa game da 22-24 matakai. A mata, da nisa daga wurin farawa da tunkuxe na tsiri ne daidai da 40 m. Wannan nesa suka cinye for 20-22 matakai. A mai son darajõji (msl, ta jiki) tsalle fara daga takeoff 20 m. A wannan yanayin, wani adadin matakai dauka ba ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi.

Ya tashi ne conventionally zuwa kashi uku sassa: farkon, hanzari da kuma shirya wa tare. A mataki na farko na iya zama su sanya ko m. Fara gudu-up kara buga da taki da kuma karfin da Jump, don haka akwai bukatar a jaddada. Daga wani a tsaye farko dan wasa yana farawa motsi tare da da wani alama, sa gaba daya kafa a gaban shi, da kuma sauran - baya-to-kafana. A nan, wani muhimmin nuance aka rocking. Lokacin da motsi jiki baya da kuma fitar dan wasa da gangan Mix cibiyar nauyi, ta kafa mafi kyau duka balance. Fara tare da m bukatar lamba tare da wani Matattara kafar, sa'an nan ya fara shawara na kullum yarda da dokoki na gudu. A wani sa kudi na kafafu da kuma makamai mawadãta ya zama kamar m. Yana da muhimmanci a jiki gangara ya kai 80 digiri. By karshen cikin hanzari jiki dole ne kai tsaye matsayi. A lokacin da gudu-up tafi ya zama tsananin cikin wani madaidaiciya line, don haka da cewa daga baya za ka iya zama dadi da kuma karfi da tura kashe da waƙa. A kawai 'yan matakai kafin a fara tsallen kudi na hanzari ya zama matsakaicin. A wannan lokaci, kafadu ya kamata a tilted mayar da kafafuwa da yawa kaimi.

Yadda za a yi a farkon

Jump dabara a tsawon tare da wani Gudun yana nufin ba kawai cikin hanzari da kuma jirgin, amma kuma da samar da kuzari wanda yake da key zuwa mai kyau sakamakon. Yadda daidai da karfi da 'yan wasa tura kashe daga hanya, shi zai zama kasa line ne don haka high. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan ɓangare na tsallen ba a daya tura na idon.

A gaskiya ma, tunkuxe ta fara da kafa kafar a kan musamman iyaka lamba. A wannan lokaci, da kafar da yake a kan m baka, ko da yake wasu 'yan wasa sun canja cibiyar nauyi kai tsaye daga diddige da kafana. A cikin wani hali, da ƙafãfunsu slide gaba ya kamata a tsakanin 2 zuwa 5 cm.

Mafi kyau duka tunkuxe a cikin dogon tsalle da aka samu ta musamman matsayi na ƙafa. Jogging kafar ya kamata a lankwashe à a 70 darajõji, kuma dan kadan lankwasa a gwiwarsa. Sabon shiga ba da shawarar irin wannan halin da ake ciki, saboda kafar tsokoki da aka ba tukuna isasshe ci gaba da jumper iya rasa balance, a cikin wasu kalmomi, iya jimre da sojojin na goyon bayan dauki, wanda zai shafi ya kafafu da kuma jiki. Bayan an sa hannu spurt daga surface na da kwantangwalo da gwiwa gidajen abinci unbend. A wannan lokaci, centrifugal kafa kawo a gaba da sama, da cikakken mika. Wannan lokacin ne alama ta wani kaifi karuwa a load a kan tsoka da inertia jumper tsarin. Wannan halin da ake ciki a guje guje da aka kira a tsaye. A lokacin tunkuxe zama dole yin flapping hannuwanku. Wannan zai kara da sakamakon tasiri da karfi.

The abu ne a cimma wata iyaka tunkuxe tsaye tashi gudun kwance motsi (takeoff). A jima da nasara, da girma da tsawo na tsallen. A ganiya kwana na tashi ne 22 digiri. Sababbin yarda da wani sabawa jiki, amma kawai a kan axis na motsi.

A daidai jirgin kayan aiki

Bayan lokaci tunkuxe daga hanya zuwa ga dan wasa yana farawa da heaviest - motsi a cikin iska. Tashi ne mafi wuya a yi abu. Jump dabara a tsawon tare da wani a guje farko na bukatar ba kawai adana ma'auni da kuma daidai matsayi na jiki, amma kuma haifar da mafi kyau duka yanayi na mai touchdown.

Range da kuma ma'auni na jirgin ne kai tsaye dogara a kan yadda za a dan wasa tura. A mafi kyau wakilan da wasanni isar gudu har zuwa 10 m / s. Matsakaicin dagawa tsawo ne game da 60 cm a lokacin takeoff kafar kamata jog yayin da zama a baya da gidaje da kuma flywheel -. A iya lankwasa zuwa kwance matakin. Wannan dabara ne dogon tsalle tare da wani a guje farko da ake amfani ta kowace hanya, ko da a cikin "almakashi". Gidaje a cikin wannan hali ya kamata a dan kadan tilted gaba. A makamai ya kamata a lankwashe à da directed tare da axis na motsi a cikin daban-daban kwatance.

Flight lokaci ya dogara da Hanyar yin wani Jump. Amma ga karshe mataki, gangar jikin da kuma wata gabar jiki dan wasa dole dauki wani matsayi na musamman - ra'ayoyi. A lokacin kafin saukowa da hanzari ya kamata a mike kuma ja gaba, a layi daya zuwa kwance surface. Hands kamata yi a madauwari motsi don kula da balance, to, dole ne kai mafi baya.

Yadda zuwa kasa

Shiri wannan lokaci na tsallen fara a daidai lokacin da jirgin hanya za a fara samun koma baya. A wannan lokaci, yana da muhimmanci sosai regroup. Don kasance mai tasiri, dole ne rike da kafafu a cikin irin wannan matsayi da cewa su a tsaye tsinkaya ya kasa matsakaicin m kwana da a kwance surface. hopping dabara a wani Gudun tsawon ma yakan haifar da ya dace lamba tare da touchdown yankin. Yana da muhimmanci a kula da goyon baya na jirgin lokaci. Don yin wannan, sassauta daya kafa a gefe inda rawar daji ne da za'ayi, kuma a daidai lokacin da lamba tare da surface na atisayen jiki. Maintenance ne da za'ayi ta hanyar da baya (mayar da), kawo biyu da kafada da kuma hannu a gaba. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa bai kai ba kawar da jiki a cikin irin wannan halin da ake ciki na iya haifar da wani ragewan daga cikin kafafu, da kuma farkon lamba tare da surface.

Official dokoki

Results hops a tsawon ayyana ta mike axis perpendicular zuwa mashaya, da suka fara daga tunkuxe na layin da kuma kawo karshen hanya dan wasa (wani sashi na jiki). Exiting cikin rami ne a yarda ne kawai zuwa ga gefen ko a gaba.

Sharuddan na dogon tsalle warware sakamakon, idan dan wasa yayin da turawa kashe su yi cẽto gare wani layi layi daya ga mashaya. Har ila yau, TOTALS ba ƙidaya, idan dan wasa ya ba komai a fili a cikin rijiya, ko ga lokaci na jirgin bar wata alama a kan lãka. A farko touch of yashi za a kidaya a matsayin tsaka-tsaki sakamakon. Bugu da kari, da dokoki na dogon tsalle kayyade yawan sau da cewa wani dan wasa zai iya yi ya duba ta karshe (mafi kyau) nuna alama. Yawan ake kira iyaka chances sau da 6th. Ban ne events, wanda ya unsa fiye da 8 da 'yan wasa. A wannan yanayin, shi gudanar da wasan share fage zagaye na 3 a yunkurin kowane jumper. A karshe kashi 8 suna located tare da mafi kyau yi na 'yan wasa.

Kullum yarda nagartacce

A sana'a da kuma mai son irin matsayin ne markedly daban-daban. Standards a dogon tsalle ga yara maza daga 9 zuwa 10 shekaru jeri daga 1,90 zuwa 2,90 m. A 'yan mata a wannan shekaru Manuniya kasance a cikin kewayon 1,90 zuwa 2,60 m. Don da shekaru 15 a boys 3,30-3,90 m ne na kullum, da kuma 'yan mata - 2.80-3.30 m.

A Semi-sana'a sallama (18 years) Manuniya ya zama muhimmanci mafi girma. Standards a dogon tsalle daga takeoff ga maza ne tsakanin 3,80 zuwa 4,40 m. A mata, karshe sakamakon ya zama a cikin kewayon 3.10 zuwa 3,60 m.

Don samun muƙamin na "dan takarar Master of Sports" jumpers dole ne a wuce mai son yi kusan ninki biyu. Domin MMR kudi ne 7,20 m. Amma ga "Master of Sports", a nan ya halatta iyaka yana farawa daga 7,60 m. Status MSIC aka samu a sakamakon grueling dogon horo. Kullum "Master of Sports na kasa da kasa category" ne 8,00 m.

duniya records

Bisa ga yawan 'yan wasa da mafi kyau yi a wannan wasa da aka manyan da Amurka unequivocally. Don kwanan wata, duniya rikodin (da dogon tsalle tare da wani a guje farko) nasa ne American Mike Powell. A bude gasar a birnin Tokyo a lokacin rani na shekara ta 1991 da dan wasa ya iya cinye alamar 8,95 m. A irin wannan rejista, a mata ne da mulkin Soviet jumpers Galina Chistyakov. A cikin watan Yuni 1988, ya kai da adadi na 7.52 m.

A cikakkar duniya rikodin (da dogon tsalle tare da wani Gudun farko) a cikin yawan mamaki sakamakon nasa ne da American Ralph Boston. Daga shekarar 1960 zuwa shekarar 1965, ya gudanar da 6 sau mafi girma fiye da sauran mutane ta da nasu iyakar dabi'u. Kawai Soviet dan wasa wanda zai iya samun yaki da American, ya Igor Ter-Hovhannisyan. Ya kasance sau biyu zakara a shekarar 1962 (a Yerevan) da kuma a 1965 (a Mexico City).