Glass - abin da kuma yadda aka yi? Properties na gilashi

Kowannen mu yi sau da yawa zo a fadin gilashi. Menene wannan m da m abu, wani makaranta ya sani. Kowacce rana muka gan shi a cikin madubai, windows, furniture da kayayyakinsa a cikin abubuwa, amma ba mu kasance saba da shi? Yadda aka samar, cewa shi ne, kuma abin da kaddarorin da gilashi?

Menene wannan kalma nufin

Akwai yawa bango kayan da za su iya taimaka a cikin wannan al'amari. Mene ne ma'anar kalmar "gilashin" shi ne daya daga cikin rare kafofin? Ozhegova Dictionary characterizes wannan abu a matsayin m abu sanya daga ma'adini yashi, gauraye da oxides na wasu karafa. Ko da definition ya ba da wasu ra'ayin da yanayin da samar da kayan. Amma wannan batu za mu matsawa daga baya.

Lalle ne, duk saba da gilashi - wannan m abu. Amma lura - Dictionary Ozhegova sa wannan bayani. Glass na iya zama ba kawai m, amma kuma canza launin ko frosted. Amma abun da ke ciki na kayan a cikin wannan hali ya bambanta insignificantly.

Abin da ke sa gilashi

Standard gilashin abun da ke ciki ne cakuda m ma'adini yashi, lemun tsami da kuma soda. Don canja abu Properties za a iya amfani da daban-daban Additives. Duk da haka, babban bijiro da batun kafa bangaren shi ne daidai da tsabta kogin yashi. Its adadin ne game da 75% na jimlar cakuda. Soda rage narkewa zafin jiki na yashi kusan sau 2. Lemun tsami kare gilashin daga daukan hotuna zuwa mafi sunadarai, amma kuma ƙara da ƙarfi, kuma haske.

Ƙarin impurities:

• Manganese. Yana da aka kara wa gilashi don a samar da musamman inuwa kore. nickel ko chromium iya amfani da su samu wasu launuka.
• Gubar gilashi ba da karin haske da kuma rarrabe ringing. Material samu colder ga tabawa. Glass da wani admixture gubar da aka kira crystal.
• Oxide boric acid ma imparts ƙarin sheki da kuma nuna gaskiya da abu, haka rage thermal fadada coefficient na kayayyakin.

A tarihin gilashin samarwa

Ko 6000 shekaru da suka wuce, mutane sun iya haifar da wannan kyau da kuma m abu. Hakika, ta bayyanar shi ne ɗan daban-daban daga zamani gilashi, kamar yadda a zamanin d Misira da kuma Mesofotamiya da babu kayan aiki domin high quality-tsaftacewa da yashi da sauran kayan aikin. Duk da haka, gilashin samarwa ya fara a can. Saboda jure muhalli tsoma, wannan abu ya ba masana tarihi da wani ra'ayin na al'adu da kuma fasaha yiwuwa na mafi mutãnen farkon.

A Rasha, na farko gilashin masana'antu shuka bayyana a cikin 1636. Yana da aka located ba da nisa daga Moscow. Akwai aka halicce tableware da taga gilashi. A babban ci gaban da wannan reshe na masana'antu samu a karkashin Peter I.

Kawai a shekarar 1859, da sabuwar dabara ne a high-matsa lamba famfo da aka yarda su haifar da wani taga ba tare da gilashi blowers. Wannan ƙwarai Sauki samar. Kuma a cikin farkon karni na 19th, wani ban sha'awa dukiya daga cikin kayan da aka samu - idan ƙãre samfurin ne mai tsanani ga wani zazzabi, da inji Properties na gilashi zai kara da 400%.

zamani samarwa

Technology tako nisa gaba, wanda a yarda don ƙirƙirar wani kayan cikin manyan yawa da kuma tare da kalla mutum ikon kudin. A halin yanzu, akwai mutane da yawa da shuke-shuke da cewa suna da wani kafa misali na fasahar halitta gilashi. Mene ne wani zamani abu sanya daga zubi quartzite yashi, koyi ga familiarize da fasaha. Kamar yadda wani misali mu dauka a takardar abu.

Glass samarwa a cikin hãlãye:

1. Duk da zama dole sinadaran an ɗora Kwatancen a cikin wani gini, kuma mai tsanani har shi Forms wani ruwa taro yi kama.
2. A wani musamman Homogenizer, wannan gami ta girgiza har uniform.
3. A sakamakon taro da aka zuba a cikin wani lebur ganga, kasa na wanda shi ne zubi tin. Akwai gilashin an rarraba ta samar da wata uniform bakin ciki Layer.
4. A sanyaya kuma ƙarfafa abu ne ya aiko zuwa ga wani abinda. Akwai gudanar iko gilashi kauri da kuma sabon. The abu ne ba ingantashi, kuma m sassa za a sufuri zuwa smelter.
5. Samar karshe ingancin iko, bayan da gilashin shiga sito na gama kayayyakin.

iri gilashi

A halin yanzu, wannan abu ne daya daga cikin mafi kowa. Ba abin mamaki ba cewa akwai daban-daban na gilashi, abin da ya bambanta duka biyu a bayyanar da jiki Properties. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:

1. Crystal gilashi. Wannan abu dauke da gubar a cikin abun da ke ciki. Game da shi mu yi magana game da sama.
2. Ma'adini gilashi. Ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare daga tsabta yashi, saboda haka yana da matuƙar m. Iya yin tsayayya da zazzabi tsalle, don haka ake amfani da su haifar Tantancewar kida, dakin gwaje-gwaje glassware da windows.
3. Kumfa gilashi. Hur gini abu, wanda za a iya amfani da biyu ga karewa, kuma domin gina ganuwar da benaye. Ya ƙunshi wani ɓangare na wani babban yawan voids, ta haka ne yana da high thermal da kuma sauti rufi Properties.
4. Glass ulu. Volumetric iska abu ya kunshi bakin ciki da kuma karfi sosai thread. A wuta-resistant, don haka aka yi amfani ba kawai a yi amma kuma a Tailoring kashe gobara da kuma welders.

A amfani da gilashi

Dangane da dũkiyarsu da kuma bayyanar da wannan abu za a iya samu a kusan duk wani aikace-aikace. Babban mabukaci na kerarre a cikin gilashin lokaci - da yi masana'antu. Yana amfani da fiye da rabi daga cikin kerarre abu. Ya ganawa iya zama quite bambance bambancen - bango cladding, glazing, gina ganuwar m tubalin, rufi, da dai sauransu Domin gina masana'antu za a iya dangana, kuma akwai gilashi. Mene ne wani Gothic taga, tabbas duk sani. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne liyi tare da babban yawan canza launin gilashin guda. A zamaninmu, da akwai gilashi windows ba rasa su dacewar da aka yi amfani da duka a yi da kuma a cikin yi na furniture.

A na biyu wuri a shahararsa ne gilashi kwantena ga dalilai daban-daban. A kadan kasa sanya jita-jita. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin sinadaran masana'antu gilashin ne ba makawa abu tun da shi ne resistant zuwa mafi sunadarai.

jiki Properties

Kamar sauran kayayyaki, gilashin yana da yawan halaye da cewa kana bukatar ka sani kafin ka yi amfani da shi a wannan yanki.

1. Yawa. Iya bambanta dangane da abun da ke ciki cakuda da kuma Hanyar yi. Darajar taga yawa iya Range daga 220 zuwa 650 kg / m ^3.
2. Fragility. Wannan halayyar ne alama na gilashin da ya takaita da aikace-aikace a cikin shiri filin. A halin yanzu, masana kimiyya ne mafi hadaddun gami, maximizes ƙarfi daga cikin abu.
3. Thermal kwanciyar hankali. Talakawa gilashin iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 90 ° ^C. Bayan da magani, da thermal Properties daga cikin kayan suna ƙwarai karu. Alal misali, masana'antu gilashin da yake iya withstanding yanayin zafi sama da 200 ° ^C.

ban sha'awa facts

Mun koya da yawa game da gilashi - abin da aka samar da abin da kaddarorin. Yana da lokaci zuwa digress a bit da kuma samun mafi ban sha'awa facts game da wannan sosai na kowa kayan. 'Yan mutane san cewa:

• A kudi na crack yaduwa a cikin karye gilashi ne 4828 km / h.
• A ƙasƙanci lokacin da abu ne game da shekaru miliyan.
• A gilashin za a iya remelted sau da yawa tare da kadan, ko kuma ba asarar quality. Dangane da wannan, ya na da kusan babu analogues.
• Kamar yadda amorphous abu, da narkakkiyar gilashi aka ƙarfafa bisa m sanyaya. Domin cewa yanayi na musamman da ake bukata.

Glass ba a banza don haka amfani da ko'ina a yi da sauran yankunan da 'yan adam. Lalle ne, shi zai zama dogon daya daga cikin rare kayan. A goyon bayan wannan tabbatarwa, cewa da ƙarfi, karko da kuma zumunta sauƙi na yi na gilashi, da alaka da cewa da aka gyara don ƙirƙirar shi ne ba a duniya a manyan lambobin.