Festival "Oktoberfest" a Jamus: photo da kuma bayanin

Duniya da ya fi rare yawon shakatawa manufa a karshen watan Satumba - farkon Oktoba ne Munich, inda a kowace shekara ya zo fiye da miliyan 6 da mutane zuwa festival "Oktoberfest". Domin giya festival, fiye da shekaru 200 shi ne shahara tsakanin magoya na sha. "Oktoberfest" a Jamus tsiwirwirinsu irin lokacinta a cikin shekaru goma da aka consistently ranked a cikin Guinness Littafi kamar yadda duniya most aukuwa na irin wannan shirin.

Biyu holidays - biyu hadisai

A tarihin zamanin] aular a Bavaria ne a hankali da alaka da gidan sarauta, da zarar mulki cewa baki. Wittelsbach wakilan dauke shi su dama su ba kawai fahimtar beers, amma kuma tsunduma a ta samar. A farko sarauta madafar giya da aka bude da baya a 1260 a Munich, babban birnin kasar na Bavaria, Duke Ludwig mai tsanani. By cikin karni na 19th, akwai 70 da tsire-tsire domin samar da sha, mallakar da sarauta iyali.

Daya daga cikin wadanada (Duke William 4) a 1516 ko da ya wuce da wata doka game da tsarki na abinci, wanda har 1906 da aka aiki kawai a kan Bavarian gona, amma sai bazu ko'ina Jamus. Saboda irin wannan tsanani hali ga kasa sha Jamus giya da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya.

Bavarians kasance saba ba kawai hadisin na giya shawara, amma kuma ta amfani, ko da yake ya kasance a cikin tarihi na tsawon lokacin da karfi na gida ruwan inabi ya ga kau da foamy sha da yawan amfani.

Wani lokaci guda umurnin iya canja wuri na "nauyi" na tarihi. Wannan ya faru a lokacin da wani hukuncin da aka buga amfanin giya a karshen karni na 19th, wanda ya kai ga wata karuwa ba kawai samar amma kuma amfani. Idan kafin Bavarians alternated ruwan inabi, da giya, tun da tallafi na cikin Littãfin kwanan nan ya zama haka tsada cewa ta yin amfani ya karu zuwa 500 lita da mutum a kowace shekara.

'Yan mutane san cewa "Oktoberfest" a Jamus - ba kawai giya festival. Babu kasa muhimmanci ga Jamus da karfi giya kakar, wanda da dama a kan Lent.

Its tarihi ya fara a cikin sufi na sufaye - paulantsev wanda dafa shi da shi domin su bukatun. The daraja na da dadi giya sayar a kusa da gefe, amma dokar haramta da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã zuwa sayar da su abin sha, da cewa ya kamata su yi, an sha shi da kanka kafin Lent. Kawai a 1780 ya yi izni ga kasuwanci a cikin giya. Kamar wancan ne aka kafa hadisin for makonni 2 bikin karfi giya festival a Dutsen Nockherberg a Munich.

A tarihin na giya festival

Holiday "Oktoberfest" a Jamus Dates baya ga 1810, a lokacin da gaba Korol Lyudvig 1 yanke shawarar yadu tasbĩhi game da bikin aure da Princess Karin na Saxony. Don yin wannan, Meadow daruruwan ganga giya ga 'yan kasa da kuma allunan aka rufe da tashe a kan karkata Munich. Mutane so sosai hutu suka yanke shawarar maimaita shi da wadannan shekara, sa'an nan shi ne wajibi na dauke da fita daga birnin hukumomi.

Yau Theresienwiese - wani babban yanki kusa da tashar jirgin a cikin tsohon Munich. Shekara-shekara giya hadisin da aka karya kawai a lokacin annoba da kuma ayyukan soji, kamar a 1854 da kuma 1873 bi da bi saboda ciwon kwalara.

Na gudanar da shi kamar yadda a karon farko, a farkon watan Oktoba, amma tun 1904 aka mayar da su cikin karshen watan Satumba, ko da yake suna bar canzawa. A zamaninmu, shi yana farawa a kan uku Asabar na Satumba da kuma yana 16 days.

Rundunar festival

By marigayi karni na 19th a kan makiyaya Theresa a Munich sun kafa hadisin da wuri inda suka fara gudanar da wani shekara-shekara festival "Oktoberfest". Jamus ya da amfani ga inganta Bavarian madafar giya, domin kayayyakin da mutane tafiya ba kawai a fadin kasar amma kuma daga kasashen waje. Jamusawa peculiar fayyace kuma dabara, don haka suka sa a cikin wani makiyaya babbar alfarwarsa, inda, a Bugu da kari ga alluna da kuma bencina aka gina dandamali domin rawa da bowling lungu.

Da ɗan baya, duk da nisha da aka sanya a waje da alfarwansu da yawa, kamar yadda waɗanda suke fata don a ji dadin wani gida giya a kowace shekara ya zama ƙara. In ba haka ba, suka duba kusan guda a matsayin da baya a 1886, a lokacin da suka gudanar da wutar lantarki. Lighting kamfanin tsunduma a Einstein ta mahaifinsa, da kuma cewa kadan Albert kaina kwan fitila da aka ci da gumi a cikin wani tanti Shottenhammelya madafar giya.

Na farko shi ne babban tanti domin 12 000 mutanen da aka kafa a 1913, wanda a lokacin ya kasance wani m aukuwa. A zamaninmu, a fannin sa 14 alfarwansu da damar 10 000 kujeru da kuma 15 kananan tantuna ga mutane 1000.

gwarzo na lokaci

Babban abin sha a bikin ne a giya brewed ta Munich ta breweries. Da kayayyakin dole ne bi da matsayin a 1487 (wallafa da Munich giya tsarki dokar) da kuma 1516 (hukuncinsa a kan tsarki da kayayyakin), don haka, da suka fara a watan Maris, domin wani biki daga musamman beers.

Mafi mashahuri ne iri-iri na breweries matsayin "Augustiner", "Paulaner", "Levenbroy" da sauransu. A giya da aka brewed bisa ga tsohon doka, bisa ga abin da a cikin abun da ke ciki ya kamata ba kawai hops, sha'ir malt, yisti da ruwa. Guests a Munich, a lokacin da yake "Oktoberfest" a Jamus iya kokarin foamy sha, wanda yana da guda dandano da ƙarfi (5.8 - 6.3%) kamar yadda a farko bikin na fiye da shekaru 200 da suka wuce.

Hakika, a zamanin yau brewers wayo da kuma haifar da drinks sayarwa da yawa sinadaran, amma suka ba su a kan biki.

A festival "Oktoberfest" a Jamus a cikin shekaru da yawan bugu da giya ya zo kusan 70,000 hectoliters na ruwan inabi - har zuwa 27 000 lita (da shi za a iya jin dadin a cikin ruwan inabi alfarwa) da shampen - har zuwa 20 000 kwalabe (akwai ma wani raba alfarwa) . The talakawan kudin lita MUG (talakawa), amma kawai a cikin irin wannan yawa bauta giya da "Oktoberfest", koda halin kaka 10 €. Tun da iri a kowane alfarwa kawai 6, sa'an nan makonni 2 na Idin, za ka iya samu a kusa da alfarwar duka ba tare da yawa cutar da lafiyar ka da walat.

800 toilets aiki domin bikin baƙi, staffed da likitoci da masu sa kai taimaka waɗanda suka ba su lissafi da sojojin.

yi wa

Bavarian kasa abinci shi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin giya festival. Akwai gargajiyance bauta naman alade sausages, gasa kaza, naman alade gaɓar yatsa, nama a kan kashi da kifi. Special tasa ne gasa daji boar, deer da Roe barewa.

Abinci za a iya jin dadin a cikin giya da tantuna da saya a musamman kiosks. A abun ciye-ciye to giya sanya wa oda pretzels da bushewa. A kifi turke iya ko saya busasshen kifi, ko da yake ba wani gargajiya abun ciye-ciye for giya da Jamusawa.

Da farko zharilnya kaza aka aiwatar a cikin Bavarian festival a 1881, da kuma a yau su zemenyayut zamani grills.

farati

An fara daga 1887, da bikin bude tare da wani procession na masu alfarwansu. A al'adar fara lõkacin da farko brewers da kuma masu shagala tare da ya zo da Theresienwiese tare da manyan shafi.

Tun da kyau yi wa ado wagon ja da hudu ko shida dawakai kore drum da beers da za a kawota a cikin alfarwa. Suna bi da masu da kuma ma'aikata na madafar giya, kuma duk wannan yana tare da wasa na kungiyar makada.

A bikin fara gargajiya Never ƙusa famfo a cikin ganga a karfe 12 da rana. Wannan al'ada ne Ubangijinka Magajin garin. Bayan na farko ganga ne bude, duk na da masu alfarwansu iya fara sayar da giya da bottling.

Mai giya da cãca Bavarians bettors, da yawa naushe magajin gari zai bukaci mataki bude ganga. Saboda haka, sakamakon da aka dauke su mafi sharrin a 1950, a lokacin da 19 Shots da aka sanya, kuma mafi kyau - a 2006, lokacin da wani ganga da aka bude da farko buga.

Entertainment da Tarik

A farkon karni na 20th, "Oktoberfest" a Jamus aka tare da ban mamaki views. Alal misali, a 1901, duk mahalarta bikin da aka sa a kan nuni makiyayi kauye da mazaunanta. Folk dancing, archery, bowling da roundabouts - shi ke dukan fun daga waɗanda shekara.

Yau, baƙi ake Miscellaneous da haihuwa carousel, wanda ya ke gudanar da ayyuka fiye da 80 shekara, kazalika da yankan-baki. Popular daga cikinsu akwai mai wula tafi tare da hanyoyi daban-daban na tsawo.

Murna tsawo bukata mobile hasumiya tsawo na 66 m, inda cikin fara'a iya jin free fall a gudun 79 km / h. Ferris dabaran ba ka damar ganin dukkan festival daga wani tsuntsu ta jirgin.

Gwanjo Circus, mukaddashin a kan holidays da 60s na karni na 20th, shi ne shahara tsakanin manya da yara.

Har ila yau, baƙi iya rawa, harba wani baka da crossbow, ko dauki bangare a cikin da yawa rallies. Kowane maraice, kowane daga cikin alfarwansu yayi ban sha'awa nisha: a daya - yana da kide, dutsen da kuma yi, a sauran - jama'a da raye-raye.

mahalarta bikin

Costume farati - yana da wani hadisin. Domin da farko lokacin da shi da aka gudanar a 1835, kuma aka sadaukar da azurfa bikin aure na Ludwig da kuma Karin na Saxony 1. A farko Maris kasance m suna fadin, amma mu lokacin a su zama da hannu fiye da 8 000 mutane, ado a cikin kasa kayayyaki. A procession faruwa a ranar farko festival Lahadi.

Daga cikin mahalarta taron na festival - da Bavarian gwamnatin da kuma mambobi na Munich City Majalisar, wakilan da daban-daban farauta da kuma harbi kulake, kungiyar makada da hutu tafiye-tafiye. A procession daukan wuri kilomita 7, bisa al'ada shi ne karkashin jagorancin wani yaro.

Don kwanan wata, an gane a matsayin mafi girma a cikin duniya tsakanin kama events.

baƙi na festival

Bisa kididdigar da, game da 70% daga cikin baƙi - shi Bavarians da Jamusawa, da kuma sauran - by yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya. A wannan biki ya kasance biki da kuma Tsayayyar hutu za ka iya ji Italian, Girkanci, English, Swedish, Norway, Rasha, Ukrainian harshe da ko da yawa giya masoya daga wasu ƙasashe.

A festival, akwai wani lokuta na yi yãki, ko nuna wani zalunci da, kamar yadda mutane da suka zo nan, sun yarda da kansu real hutu, wanda ake sa ran a shekara. Babu ko da yaushe wani dariya da kuma sada zumunci yanayi. Saboda haka ya ce Jamus hutu "Oktoberfest".

"Oktoberfest" a Moscow

Wani sabon al'ada ta samo asali a Rasha. Yanzu shi ne aka gudanar "Oktoberfest" a Jamus ofishin jakadancin. Entrance ga wannan taron ne a fee, amma tikiti sayar fita nan take. Wannan shi ne saboda da babban amfani da Muscovites zuwa Jamus da al'adunsu, amma mafi - mai kyau giya da kuma dadi Bavarian abinci.

Alal misali, "Oktoberfest" (Jamus ofishin jakadancin) a shekara ta 2016 ya samu halartar sama da 1,000 mutane. A hutu ya faru a ranar 16-17 Satumba, da kuma a lokacin wadanda 2 kwana da baƙi aka yi tsammani Bavarian giya, abinci, raffles da kuma kyautai. Ga yara aiki animators da iyayensu sa ran concert na Munich show band.

Kamar wancan haƙĩƙa, sun shige cikin "Oktoberfest" a Jamus Ofishin Jakadancin a Moscow.