Eduard Shevardnadze: biography, harkar siyasa, photos, dalilin mutuwar

A 2014, ya rasu da shugaban kasar Georgia, da kuma a cikin kwanaki na Tarayyar Soviet - ministan harkokin wajen kasar. Ya kasance 86 years old, da kuma sunansa ya Eduard Shevardnadze. Wannan mutumin da za a tattauna a kasa.

Komsomol

Eduard Shevardnadze, wanda hotuna ne a cikin labarin, an haife shi a shekara 1928. Haka ya faru a Georgia, a kauyen Mamati. A iyali cewa Eduard Shevardnadze da aka haife shi a manyan da arziki sosai. Mahaifinsa aiki a cikin malamar makaranta na Rasha harshen da kuma adabi, da kuma Edward da shekaru goma moonlighting a matsayin ma'aikacin gidan waya.

A lokacin tashin hankali danniya a 1937 Edward mahaifin tsere kama ta ɓuya daga NKVD. Ya rayar da wani ma'aikacin na jama'ar kasar Commissariat, wanda a baya ya yi karatu. Edward kansa sa suna a cikin likita makaranta, inda ya kammala tare da karrama. Amma likita yi ya ba da hadayar ransa harkar siyasa, wanda ya fara da post vacated sakataren Komsomol. Ya aiki ya ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma a cikin shekaru 25 da ya zama na farko sakataren Kutaisi City Komsomol kwamitin.

A nan gaba, shi zai dauki bayan da dauki na Jojiyanci da matasa zuwa rahoton na Khrushchev a cikin XX Congress na jam'iyyar. Tbilisi gwagwarmaya sun nuna rashin amincewa da shirin na m debunking na Stalin ta hali sadaukarwa. A sakamakon haka, birnin da dakarun amfani da karfi, wanda ya kashe mutane 21 da aka gabatar. Kutaisi zauna a yayin daga hargitsi. Ba shi yiwuwa a ce ba daidai da yadda wannan ya taka rawar da Eduard Shevardnadze, amma ya aka gabatar da su. A shekara daga baya ya riga gangarawa Komsomol a ko'ina cikin Jamhuriyar Georgia.

Anti-hanci da rashawa} o} arin

Daga cikin ofishin Sakataren Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich ya aka canjawa wuri a 1968 zuwa post na ministan harkokin na jamhuriyar. A daya hannun, wannan ya kasance wata karuwa, sai dai takamaiman. Yana wanzu a administrative na'ura na Soviet ikon da unspoken dokokin, bisa ga abin da janar ta zama matsayi a cikin 'yan shine karshe mataki na wani aiki, saboda baya cikin manufofin da bai taba aka fassara. Saboda haka, wannan wuri shi ne a matattu karshen cikin sharuddan aiki ci gaba. Amma Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich, wanda biography ne cike da ban sha'awa twists kuma ya jũya, ya gudanar ya fita daga wannan halin da ake ciki.

Gaskiyar cewa Soviet Caucasus yankin da aka sosai m, kuma ya tsaya da wannan batu a cikin bango na komai, shi ne ma nisa daga manufa, Union. Anti-hanci da rashawa yakin neman kaddamar da Kremlin, yana cikin bukata amintattun mutane, ba stained masa suna. Amma Shevardnadze ke kawai irin wannan suna da ya, kamar yadda aka ruwaito su Brezhnev. A sakamakon haka, ya aka aiko domin horo ga rawar da farko sakataren Tbilisi City kwamitin. A shekara daga baya, a shekara ta 1972, ya jagoranci da jamhuriyar. Duk da haka, kawai shekaru hudu daga baya, ya zama memba na kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU, wanda aka sa masa a kan taƙawa. A sakamakon farko shekaru biyar shirin na anticorruption Shevardnadze ya da sallama daga game da dubu arba'in mutane. Dan kaso karkashin dokar a cikin wannan yanayin ne 75% - game da dubu talatin.

Hanyoyin da wajen magance cin hanci da rashawa, wanda aka yi amfani da Eduard Shevardnadze, ya biography kiyaye godiya ga mai fadi da rawa da suka yi a cikin al'umma. Alal misali, a daya daga cikin tarurruka na Jojiyanci kwamitin tsakiya, ya tambayi taru jami'an nuna wani agogon hannu. A sakamakon haka, tare da togiya na kwanan nan nada ga post na farko sakataren wa m "Tsarki ya tabbata" sun dukkan babbar da tsada "Seiko". A wani lokaci, ya dakatar da aikin wani mai taxi, amma titi har yanzu bayyana cike da motoci tare da halayyar fasali. Yana da daraja abin lura, saboda da bambanci zuwa yanzu kamfanoni masu zaman dauke classified a matsayin unearned samun kudin shiga da kuma Allah wadai.

Duk da haka, gaba daya ya rabu da cin hanci da rashawa daga matsakaici iko naúrar kasa. Daga cikin sake dubawa na wannan lokaci akwai kuma waɗanda suke kiran shi duk da ayyukan da wani facade, a sakamakon wanda wasu barayi sun riƙi wurin wasu.

siyasa sassauci

Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich musamman mashahuri a cikin jama'ar na jamhuriyar samu a shekarar 1978, da kuma dalilin da ya siyasa rikici kan hukuma harshe. A halin da ake ciki ne irin wannan cewa kawai kasashe uku a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da hukuma jihar harsuna na kasa da yare. Jojiya ya daga gare su. A duk wasu yankuna na Tarayyar Soviet, manufar jihar harshen da aka ba rattaba kalma daga cikin kundin tsarin mulki. A lokacin da tallafi na sabon version na kundin tsarin mulki da muka yanke shawarar cire wannan alama, da kuma mika wa dukan jumhuriya ta general yi. Duk da haka, da shawara ba dole ku ɗanɗani gida 'yan ƙasa, kuma suka taru a gaban ginin gwamnati tare da mai zaman lafiya da zanga-zanga. Eduard Shevardnadze nan da nan samu a touch tare da Moscow da kuma Brezhnev da kaina tabbata cewa tare da wannan shawarar ya kamata a dage. Ya ba su tafi ba a kan hanya, saba wa Soviet hukumomi, domin kare kanka daga cikin jam'iyyar. A maimakon haka, shugaban jamhuriyar tafi zuwa ga mutane, kuma ya ce da babbar murya: "Duk abin da za a yi kamar yadda ka so." Yana ta maimaita tashe ta rating da kuma kara nauyi a gaban 'yan ƙasa.

A lokaci guda, duk da haka, ya yi alkawari kafin karshen yaki tare da akida makiya. Alal misali, ya ce, ƙashi wanke jari hujja piggery. Very flattering Eduard Shevardnadze yi magana na Moscow ta manufofin da kaina game da Comrade Brezhnev. Ya flattery ke bayan duk darsuwa iyaka ko da a karkashin Soviet tsarin mulki. Shevardnadze yi magana gaskiya ma game da gabatarwar Soviet soja raka'a cikin Afghanistan, nace da cewa shi ne "kadai daidai" tafi. Wannan kuma yafi ya kai ga cewa Jojiyanci jagoran 'yan adawa sau da yawa zarge shi da insincerity da ƙarya. A gaskiya, wadannan guda da'awar zama inganci a yau, riga bayan Eduarda Amvrosievicha sha wahala mutuwa. Shevardnadze lokacin da yake rayuwa ni kinibibi amsa su, bayanin cewa ya zato ba Curry ni'imar da Kremlin, amma kokarin haifar da yanayi domin mafi bauta da bukatun mutane.

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da wannan hujja, kamar yadda wani mawuyacin hali zuwa Stalin da Stalin gwamnatin, wanda aka watsa shirye-shirye a cikin manufofin da Eduard Shevardnadze. 1984, misali - wannan shekara farko na movie "Repentance" by Tengiz Abuladze. Wannan fim samar a cikin al'umma babba rawa, saboda an fallasa su da wani kaifi hukunci na Stalinism. Kuma wannan hoto fito saboda da sirri kokarin Shevardnadze.

mataimakin Gorbachev

Zumuncin da ke tsakanin Shevardnadze kuma Gorbachev ya fara sa'ad da yake na karshe farko sakataren Stavropol Regional kwamitin jam'iyyar. Bisa ga memoirs na biyu, da suka yi magana quite a fili, kuma a cikin daya daga wadannan tattaunawa, Shevardnadze ce cewa "duk da yake na banza, duk abin da dole ne ta canja." Kasa da watanni uku daga baya, Gorbachev ya jagoranci Tarayyar Soviet da kuma nan da nan gayyace ni zuwa Eduarda Amvrosievicha tare da wani tsari don shi ya dauki post na ministan harkokin wajen kasar. A karshen amince, kuma haka, maimakon tsohon Shevardnadze - Jojiya ta shugaban Shevardnadze bayyana - ministan harkokin waje na Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan ganawa halitta mai hargowar ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma duk duniya. Da fari dai, Eduard Amvrosievich bai mallaki wani waje harshe. Kuma abu na biyu, shi ba ya mallakar wani waje kwarewa. Duk da haka, domin dalilai na Gorbachev, ya shi ne manufa, domin shi yayi dace da bukatun na "sabon tunani" a cikin filin na siyasa da kuma diplomasiyya. Kamar yadda wani jami'in diflomasiyyar, ya gudanar da wani ba na gargajiya ga Soviet siyasa: wasa kula da isasshen annashuwa yanayi, a yarda da kansa da wasu 'yancin walwala.

Duk da haka, ya shayi tare da kansa tawagar, m ga barin duk ma'aikatan ma'aikatar a wurinsa. Shevardnadze saka manta da ma'aikata rearrangement, inda tsohon tawagar raba biyu sassa. Daya daga cikin su goyi bayan sabon kocin da kuma ganin darajarsa ya style, hali, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma sana'a halaye. Others, duk da haka, ya tsaya a 'yan adawa da kuma kira dukan abin da ya sa da sabon ministan harkokin wajen kasar, wawanci, kuma shi da kansa - Kutaisi Komsomol.

Shevardnadze ƙi soja musamman. Ministan harkokin wajen kasar, zuwa ga bayyananne fushi, jãyayya da cewa mafi girma hatsari ga Soviet mutane ne talauci na yawan da fasaha magabaci daga cikin kishiya jihohi, maimakon American da makamai masu linzami da kuma jirgin sama. Soja to irin wannan dangane da kanta ba amfani. Ko da yaushe samun abin da suke bukata, a lokacin da Brezhnev da Andropov gwamnatin, jami'ai daga ma'aikatar tsaron zo wani m adawa da Shevardnadze bayyane wadai da sukar ya wuya a events. Alal misali, a kwance damarar yaki da tattaunawar Mikhail Moiseev, shugaban ma'aikatan, ya ce Amurka, wanda, a da bambanci zuwa "eccentric" Soviet jami'an diplomasiya, su ne na al'ada.

Lokacin Soviet sojojin tsallake daga Gabashin Turai, ƙiyayya da shugaban ma'aikatar harkokin waje ya karu, saboda sabis a cikin Jamus ko Czechoslovakia domin da yawa da aka lura manufa. A karshen wani taron da shugabannin ma'aikatar tsaron bukaci gwamnatin ba Gorbachev a kan shari'a. Daga bisani, kwararru da yawa sun bayar da hujjar cewa, dalilin da Kremlin ta tsaurara siyasa a cikin Caucasus a shekarun 1990s yana da sirri qiyayyarsu ga Shevardnadze Rasha soja. Bugu da kari, da yawa mabiya na Soviet tsarin dabi'u ne musamman fusata Eduarda Amvrosievicha ta wuri dangane da West, wanda ya miƙa ba ga ganin su a matsayin abokan gaba da kuma fafatawa a gasa, da kuma abokan. Ko Gorbachev, a karkashin matsin lamba daga disgruntled tsanani tunanin yadda za a canza ministan.

Sabani da Gorbachev

Gorbachev ta m canje-canje da aka samu talauci da Soviet nomenklatura. Active tsarin dimokuradiyya na al'umma da kuma tattalin arzikin, kazalika da manufofi na glasnost aka sadu da m juriya. Matsananci-Kwaminisancin zargi Shevardnadze a kusan duk abin da ya faru a sansanin matalauta. The biyu da rabi na 80s alama a crack, wanda ya bayyana a cikin dangantakar dake tsakanin Soviet shugaban Gorbachev da kuma ministan harkokin wajen kasar. A sakamakon wannan shi ne son rai murabus na shugaban ma'aikatar harkokin waje a shekarar 1990. Kuma ya demarche Eduard Amvrosievich tare da kowa ba hadewa. A sakamakon haka, kasashen daga ko'ina cikin duniya fyauce tare da tsoro, kamar yadda Gorbachev da kansa, wanda ya yi hakuri kuma ku kãwo wani uzuri ga ayyuka na tsohon teammate wanda ya Eduard Shevardnadze. Tarihinsa, duk da haka, ya hada da wani biyu ƙoƙari kai wurin da shugaban ma'aikatar harkokin waje.

Koma ga post na ministan harkokin waje

An sani cewa, an yanke shawarar komawa zuwa post na shugaban na ma'aikatar harkokin waje ya ba da sauki ga Shevardnadze. Tare da yi da shi, Gorbachev ya yi magana da shi nan da nan bayan juyin mulkin. Duk da haka, na farko dauki shi musu Edward. Duk da haka, a lokacin da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ya zama sosai real barazana, ya amince da ya ara ta taimako. Lokacin da a watan Agusta na shekarar 1991 ya kai hari a White House, Shevardnadze yana daga cikin masu kare ta. WurinSa akwai sosai da amfani ga Gorbachev kamar yadda ya ce to duk duniya - da kuma Soviet nomenklatura, da kuma West - cewa duk kõma zuwa ga wuraren zama, da kuma irin sakamakon da juyin mulki Fading. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa Shevardnadze ke ba su da sha'awar da Tarayyar Soviet, amma kawai Georgia. Shevardnadze, wai so da karfi da ya nemi auka na Union, to sa jamhuriyar ta samu 'yancin kai daga gwamnatin na Kremlin. Duk da haka, shi ne ba - shi ne har zuwa karshen kokarin hana rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a haɗe zuwa wannan kokarin. Alal misali, bada har tafiye-tafiye a kasashen waje, na shafe lokaci a ziyarar da jamhuriyar babban birnin kasar. Ya gane cewa wani sarki Rasha, karkashin jagorancin Boris Yeltsin, ba zai zama gida, kuma akwai ya ba su bayar da wani ofishin for shi. Amma kokarin ba nasara. Overall, na biyu da niyyarmu ta mamaye wani tsohon wuri dade kawai makonni uku.

Jagorancin Sarkin Georgia

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet ga tsohon Ministan shekaru 63 nufi da hange na zaman lafiya da kuma m rayuwa a ko'ina a cikin duniya. Maimakon haka, shi ne ba da shawara na Jojiyanci gwamnatin ma'aikatan yanke shawarar kai sarki Georgia. Haka ya faru a shekarar 1992, bayan da aka hambarar da Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Ya makõma take Sahaban sau da yawa idan aka kwatanta da episode kiran Vikings zuwa Rasha. A marmarin kawo jamhuriyar harkokin domin wasa a ya yanke shawara muhimmiyar rawa. Amma don cim ma wannan aiki, ya kasa: da Jojiyanci jama'a ba a karfafa a cike. Ya duniya suna ba taimake shi, amma a sama da dukan karfi da juriya sa up m laifi shugabannin. Bayan da zama na post na shugaban Georgia, Shevardnadze ya magance rikicin a Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia, wanda aka tsokane ta ya gada. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da soja, kazalika da jama'a ra'ayi, ya amince a shekarar 1992, don gabatar da sojojin a cikin wadannan yankunan.

shugabancin

Shevardnadze lashe zaben shugaban kasa sau biyu - a 1995 da kuma 2000. Suka bambanta da gagarumin rinjaye, amma bai zama a gane kasa gwarzo. Ya ne sau da yawa soki da tattalin arziki rashin zaman lafiya, wani rauni dangane da Abkhazia da kuma Kudancin Ossetia, kazalika da cin hanci da rashawa na jihar na'ura. Sau biyu ya sa wani ƙoƙari. A karo na farko, a 1995, aka yi masa rauni da wani bam. Bayan shekaru uku, ya sake kokarin kashe. Amma wannan lokaci, shugaban kasar motorcade zo karkashin wuta daga inji bindigogi da kuma gurnet launchers. The shugaban kasa da aka ajiye kawai da sulke mota. Game da daya wadanda suka aikata kisan gilla, shi ne ba a sani ba. A cikin farko idan da babban wanda ake zargi ne da aka gudanar Igor Giorgadze, tsohon shugaban Jojiyanci tsaro da sabis. Shi da kansa, duk da haka, da hannu a cikin yunkurin ƙaryatãwa buya a Rasha. Amma a karo na biyu episode a wani daban-daban lokacin da muka sa a gaba da version cewa shi ya shirya da Chechnya maharan, gida, maharan 'yan adawa har ma da Rasha GRU.

murabus

A watan Nuwamba 2003 aka sanar da cewa, nasarar da magoya bayan Shevardnadze a sakamakon majalisar zabe. Duk da haka, 'yan adawa ya sanar da gurbata da sakamakon zaben fiye da tsokani zanga-zangar. A cikin tarihin wannan taron shi ne kwarzana a matsayin Rose Revolution. A sakamakon wadannan abubuwan, na amince da murabus na Shevardnadze. A sabuwar gwamnatin nada shi don ja da baya, kuma ya tafi ya zauna ya fitar da rai a cikin gidansa a Tbilisi.

Eduard Shevardnadze: kisa

Ya gama ya aiki Eduard Amvrosievich Yuli 7, 2014. Ya mutu a 87 ga watan shekara na rayuwa a sakamakon mai tsanani da kuma shafe tsawon rashin lafiya. Kabarin Shevardnadze photo wanda aka located sama, located a wurin shakatawa yankin gidansa a Krtsanisi gwamnatin kwata, inda ya rayu na karshe yan shekaru. Akwai kuma kabari da matarsa.