Dzhakomo Kvarengi: biography, aikin

Halittar musamman bayyanar da biyu Rasha manya, Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg musamman, sun bayar da gudunmawar muhimmanci ga gine-ginen na Italian asalin. Creativity Dzhakomo Kvarengi - mai haske page a tarihin Turai da kuma Rasha gine na classicism. Bugu da kari ya gina ayyukan na daban-daban sikelin da kuma nufinsa, daga gare su, da yawa incarnations a cikin al'adunmu - mai hoto zanen gado tare da real ra'ayoyi na biranen (gubar) da kuma zato gine-gine qagaggun. A cewar shi karatu da sana'a ga al'ummomi daga gine-ginen.

Kudu haifuwa

Ya wadãtu da kansa a gaskiya Rasha m Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1744-1817) an haife shi a iyali na memba na City Kotun na Arewa Italiyanci birnin Bergamo. The hali na gani zane-zane da aka hereditary: kakansa da mahaifinsa an dauke gwani painters. A ya zabi gine a matsayin babban zama a rayuwa ya shafi saba da Vincenzo Brenna (1745-1820), to, ya zama na kotu m Paul na, da Yahaya. B. Piranesi (1720-1778), babban mai gida na gine-gine da graphics.

Stylistic fifiko Dzhakomo Kvarengi kafa a lokacin da yake ganawa da sanannen rubutun na Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), "Hudu Books of Architecture". A wannan aikin da aka gano makircinsu na gargajiya umarni ake amfani a cikin zamanin da gine-gine da kuma ~ ullo da wani tsarin yin amfani da na gargajiya dabaru ga shiryawa da kuma ci gaba da gine-gine facade mafita. Palladianstva na dogon lokaci shi ne babban hanya na gargajiya style.

Mastering da na gargajiya al'adunmu

Samfurori domin binciken tushe-karfe tsarin for Dzhakomo Kvarengi jan hankali na da yawa Italian birane - Roma, Florence, Verona, Venice. Sun kasance sũ ne ba kawai cika na zamanin d Monuments, amma kuma su ne real al'adu na Renaissance.

A Renaissance wani lokacin da ka'idojin high jituwa, ci gaba a zamanin tsohuwar Girka da kuma zamanin d Roma, aka tsince sana'a a fannoni daban daban na Turai da al'adunsu. Obmeryannye da sketched Dzhakomo Kvarengi gina mafi kyau artists na lokaci - Alberti, Bramante kuma, ba shakka, Palladio - karfe ga matasa m misali na m ci gaban da tsofaffin al'adun a gine. Ya nuna sha'awa a cikin gine-gine da cewa gina da master of farkon classicism a Ingila da kuma Faransa.

A farkon wata m hanya

A farko da manyan domin Quarenghi ya da maimaitawa na coci na Santa Scholastica, dake a cikin garin Subiaco, kusa da babban birnin kasar Italiya. A ciki na coci, ya yi amfani classic abubuwa: maharibai, pilasters da kuma ginshikan na ionic domin. Da basira da shirya lighting taimaka cimma sauki da kuma m kwaikwayo na gida kayan ado.

A sauki da kuma austerity na m da compositional mafita samun ma'ana siffofin da ya rubutun hannu. Wadannan dabaru amfani a cikin aikin da m Dzhakomo Kvarengi da kuma lokacin da ya fara da ayyukan a Rasha.

A kotu na Catherine mai girma

Tun da kaka na 1779 ya fara da sabis na 35-shekara Italian m a Rasha kotu. Ya mallakar wani yawa na ilmi game da halin yanzu Palladian gargajiya gine da kuma isasshen kwarewa a da ake ji da su a yi. Ya dawo ya dace, saboda iyawa fifiko na Rasha Empress kan hukuma style canza.

Yana daina rike nauyi al'adar Faransa classicism, da manufa ta zama mai ladabi neoclassical Palladian. Dzhakomo Kvarengi matsayin mai aminci almajiri da kuma mai karfi da goyon bayan Palladio da sauri ya zama shugaban sabuwar igiyoyin na Rasha gine-gine da tunani. Da basira da aka wadãtar da nazarin mafi kyau misalai na zamanin d gine-gine, da kuma sadarwa tare da gane m gine-ginen: I. Starov, N. Lvov, Charles Cameron da sauransu.

Turanci Palace a Peterhof

A farko da manyan aikin a Rasha gona ya fāda, located in English shakatawa na Peterhof. Dzhakomo Kvarengi fara aiki a kan shi a 1780. Bisa ga ado ra'ayoyi, da wani Italian m, ya ba da dalilin shiryawa da kuma volumetric mafita Palladian gidan cubic form tare da rinjaye takwas-shafi portico na Corinthian domin. Kauri da kuma monumental rabbai a hade tare da sauki da kuma ladabi da kayan ado.
Creative m kayyade a cikin wannan site m Giacomo Quarenghi halitta shi a kasar mazauni a Tsarskoye Selo - hudu majami'u da kuma addinai masu yawa gine-gine - cikakken cikin layi tare da dandani na babban abokin ciniki, Catherine. Domin da kafa Italian suna da "m na kotu."

Period na ci gaba da kuma samun nasara

C aiki a kan Concert Pavilion a Tsarskoye Selo, kusa da Catherine ta Palace (watan Julin 1782), ya fara mafi nasara da shekaru goma ga m. A wannan lokacin, ya halitta mafi muhimmanci ayyukan domin St. Petersburg da kuma Moscow. A cikin shugabanci na Empress, ya aka Ana ɗaukaka ciki na Winter Palace, gina gine-gine da yawa a kusa da babban sarki zama. Dzhakomo Kvarengi, wanda biography yanzu da nasaba da Rasha babban birnin kasar, an gina yawan wurare da ayyana siyasa image na babban birnin kasar da kuma dukan jihar. Daga cikin su - wani hadadden na administrative gine-gine na Academy of Sciences (1783-1785) da kuma ginin da Assignation Bank (1783-1799). Ya aiki tukuru da kuma a kan zaman kansa umarni, Popular babban birnin kasar da kuma kewaye lafiya misalai na Rasha classic gidan gona. Daga cikin su akwai qasaita Bezborodko a dama banki na Neva (1783-1784), da Yusupov qasaita a kan Fontanka (1789-1792), da gidan Vietinghoff (1786) da sauransu.

House a kan Palace Embankment

A real fitacciyar wannan lokaci - da hermitage Theater Dzhakomo Kvarengi (1783-1787). A biyu-storey gini da rusticated loggia, dan kadan recessed tsakanin biyu tsinkaya - tsinkaya a cikin facade - da kuma ado da manyan Corinthian, wani real dutse mai daraja na babban hadaddun na gwamnatin gine-gine. A aminci bin Palladio, Quarenghi a cikin zane na masu sauraro a yarda da kansa kusan verbatim replica gine-gine na girma malami. A cikin shiryawa mataki da kujeru, a cikin hermitage Theater kayan ado abubuwa sosai kama da Teatro Olimpico a Vicenza, tsara by Andrea Palladio.

Ayyukan for Moscow

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri wurare da aka gina ta Italian m for throned - haihuwa Gostiny Dvor. Dzhakomo Kvarengi fara ta yi a 1789. A gini ya kai yanzu lokaci wani gagarumin canji a cikin shakka daga gyare-gyare da kuma mayar da su bayan yawa gobara. Amma kiyaye gidan kashe ahu da Corinthian ginshikan za a iya kiyasta jitu gargajiya hali ginin.

Daga cikin gine-gine na Moscow - Golovin Palace a Lefortovo (1780) da kuma wani shopping gidan kashe ahu a kan Red Square (1786). Gine-gine a kan babban Metropolitan yankunan ba su kiyaye su, da kuma wani ginin - Hospice Sheremetyev a Sukharev Square (1803-1807) - har yanzu ban sha'awa sikelin da jituwa.

Daga baya a cikin rayuwata da kerawa

Tsara da kuma gina Dzhakomo Kvarengi jan hankali na St. Petersburg related to farkon na XVIII karni - ilimi, kiwon lafiya da kuma jama'a gine-gine. Konnogvardeysky playpen (1804-1807) ya bambanta grand bayyanar, wanda aka bayyana da wani takwas portico Roman Doric. Mariinsky asibiti a Foundry (1803-1805) halin da m shiryawa mafita da kuma sauki kayan ado. Favorite yaro Kvarengi daga baya lokacin ya zama da Smolny Institute (1806-1808). Saje da kyau tare da yanayi, wannan gini ya zama misalta mafi muhimmanci ideas palladianstva. A expressiveness na gine-gine da bayyanar aka samu da mai hade da m ganuwar da tsawon plastically arziki mayar da hankali a tsakiyar abun da ke ciki. Sun zama babban portico a kan tushe a cikin nau'i na wani gidan kashe ahu.

Giacomo Antonio Quarenghi yi aiki ba kawai babban birnin kasar, amma kuma ga lardin biranen Rasha Empire. Aka sani, kuma ta Turai yi. Haxe su ƙaddara tare da Rasha, shi ne har zuwa ƙarshen ya kwana zauna na ta Bakan'ane. Lokacin, a lokacin Bonaparte duk Italiya da aka umurce su da su koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa, Quarenghi ƙi, kuma aka yanke masa hukumcin a baya nan da Italian sarki zuwa mutuwa. A karshe gagarumin aikin na babban m an dauke su da majestic Arch of Kawasaki (1814) a gina a St. Petersburg a kan lokaci na dawo da nasara sojojin Rasha bayan da shan kashi na Napoleon.

Dzhakomo Kvarengi. manhaja vitae

• Satumba 20, 1744 - a arewacin Italiya, a cikin unguwa na Bergamo, a cikin hukunci da iyali, aka haife gaba girma m kuma mai hoto artist.
• Daga 1762 - zanen karatu a Roma a R. Mengs, da gine na S. Pozzi, A. Derize, N. Dzhansomini.
• 1769 - farkon gine-gine da aiki, ayyukan na addini gine-gine a kusa da Roma da kuma Lombardy.
• Satumba 1, 1779 - Quarenghi ãyõyi kwangila tare da bada shawara ga Rasha empress IY Reyfenshteynom kuma zo aiki a Rasha.
• 1780-1817 - zane da kuma yi management na jama'a da kuma zama gine-gine a St. Petersburg, Moscow, a lardin, a cikin kasashen Turai.
• 1811 - ƙi barin Rasha sabis a kan umarni na Bonapartist gwamnati, wanda ya sa aka zartar da hukuncin su kisa da kwace dukiya.
• Maris 2, 1817 - Dzhakomo Kvarengi mutu a St. Petersburg. Ya aka daga baya reburied a cikin Alexander Nevsky sufi.