Desensitizing jamiái: jerin da kuma bayanin

Desensitizing jamiái (antiallergics, antihistamines) - kwayoyi da cewa an yi amfani da magani na rashin lafiyan yanayi. Ginshikai na mataki na irin hanyar da aka nuna a cikin nau'i na tarewa da H1-histamine rabe. Saboda haka, a danniya na histamine effects - babban matsakanci abu da samar da mafi bayyanar rashin lafiyan bayyanar cututtuka.

Histamine gano daga dabbobi kyallen takarda a 1907, a 1936, da kuma wa, na farko kwayoyi da aka gano wanda hana sakamakon wannan abu. Wurare da dama a nazarin bayar da shawarar cewa shi ne, ta hanyar da tasiri a kan gistaminoretseptory numfashi tsarin, fata da kuma idanu Yanã da hankula bayyanar cututtuka na nasaba da antihistamines iya kashe wannan dauki.

Nau'in desensitizing jamiái a kan hanyar effects a kan daban-daban na allergies:

• magunguna ga nan da nan da irin rashin lafiyan halayen.

• magunguna domin jinkirta-type hypersensitivity.

Magunguna ga nan da nan da irin rashin lafiyan halayen

1. jamiái cewa hana a saki rashin lafiyan shiga tsakani daga m tsoka Kwayoyin da basophilic, da lura da hanawa da cytotoxic cascade na rashin lafiyan dauki :

• β1-Adrenomimeticalkie kudi.

• glucocorticoid.

• myotropic antispasmodic effects.

2. cakosoban cell membranes.

3. blockers H1-histamine tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin.

4. Desensitizing.

5. The hanawa daga cikin dace da tsarin.

Jamiái aiki a kan jinkiri-type hypersensitivity

1. NSAIDs.

2. Glucocorticoid.

3. cytotoxic.

pathogenesis na alerji

A pathogenetic ci gaban alerji taka rawar gani na histamine aka hada daga histidine da aka ajiye a basophils (mast Kwayoyin), da connective nama (ciki har da jini) platelets, eosinophils, lymphocytes, da kuma nazarin halittu ruwaye. Histamine a Kwayoyin wakilta deaktivnoy lokaci a hade tare da sunadaran da polysaccharides. An saki saboda wani inji aibi cell, na rigakafi da halayen, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sinadaran da samfurori da kuma magunguna. Inactivation auku via da histaminase na mucosal nama. Kunna H1 rabe da shi murna membrane phospholipids. Saboda da sinadaran halayen, da yanayin da taimakawa wajen shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin cell Ca, da kuma karshen ayyukan a kan m tsoka ƙanƙancewa.

Mukaddashin gistaminoretseptory H2 histamine take kaiwa zuwa aiki adenylate cyclase da ƙaruwa a salon salula sansanin samar, shi ya sa da karuwa a mugunya na ciki mucosa. Saboda haka, wasu desensitizing jamiái ake amfani da su rage mugunya HCI.

Histamine samar capillary tsawo samar da karawa permeability na jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar, edematous martani, Munã rage jini girma, wadda take kaiwa zuwa thickening na jini rage a cikin jijiyoyi, Bronchial m tsoka ƙanƙancewa Layer saboda hangula H1 gistaminoretseptorov. tabbatarwa daga adrenaline saki, m bugun zuciya.

Mukaddashin a kan H1 rabe na endothelial capillary ganuwar, histamine saki prostacyclin, shi kara habaka yarda da kananan tasoshin (musamman venules) ya bayar da jinginar jini a cikinta, jifa a zagawa da jini girma, wannan tabbatar da cewa a saki jini, sunadaran da maikacin jini ta cikin Extended ganuwar mezhendotelialnogo sarari.

Tun da hamsin hamsin na karni na 20th. kuma yau, iyalinsu desensitizing shirye-shirye bada maimaita canje-canje. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar ya halicci sabuwar kwayoyi tare da m illa da kuma jerin mafi yadda ya dace. A halin yanzu mataki, akwai uku main kungiyoyin na antiallergic kwayoyi: na farko, na biyu da na uku tsara.

Desensitizing jamiái na ƙarni na farko

Desensitizing jamiái 1st tsara sauƙi wuce ta cikin jini-kwakwalwa shamaki (BBB) kuma suna da alaka to gistaminoretseptorami bawo. Wannan desensitizing taimako zuwa ga magani mai kantad da hankali effects, kamar a cikin wani nau'i na kadan drowsiness, da kuma a cikin wani nau'i na sauti barci. Medsredstva 1st tsara bugu da žari shafi psychomotor kwakwalwa dauki. Saboda wannan dalili, su yi amfani da aka iyakance a daban-daban kungiyoyin na marasa lafiya.

An ƙarin korau batu ne kuma m mataki da acetylcholine, saboda wadannan kwayoyi za su iya hulɗa tare da muscarinic jijiya endings kamar yadda acetylcholine. Saboda haka, sai dai da soothing mataki na wadannan kwayoyi sa bushe baki, maƙarƙashiya, da kuma tachycardia.

Desensitizing 1st tsara matsa a hankali wajabta glaucoma, ulcers, cututtukan zuciya, da kuma a hade tare da antidiabetic da psychotropic kwayoyi. Su ya kamata ba kai fiye da kwanaki goma saboda da ikon kai ga buri.

Desensitizing jamiái 2nd tsara

Wadannan kwayoyi da sosai high dangantaka tare da histamine rabe, da kuma wani zabe dukiya, haka ne, ba aiki a kan muscarinic rabe. Bugu da kari, su ne halin da low shigar azzakari cikin farji fadin BBB kuma ba su jaraba, ba nuna kwantad da hankali (wani lokacin a wasu marasa lafiya da ikon sauƙi drowsiness).

A ƙarshen liyafar da warkewa sakamako da kwayoyi iya zama for 7 kwanaki.

Wasu mallaka anti-mai kumburi effects, cardiotonic sakamako. A karshen hasara bukatar iko da zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin a lokacin da suka shiga.

Desensitizing jamiái na uku (new) tsara

wani sabon ƙarni na antisense kwayoyi ne halin da wani babban selectivity zuwa gistaminoretseptoram. Ba su sa kwantad da hankali da kuma ba zai shafi zuciya da jini.

Amfani da wadannan kwayoyi tabbatar da kanta a lokacin shafe tsawon antiallergic far - magani daga rashin lafiyan rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis.

Desensitizing kwayoyi ga yara

Alerji magunguna ga yara suka kasance a cikin kungiyar H1-blockers, ko antisense kwayoyi - wani magani nufi domin lura da daban-daban rashin lafiyan halayen a cikin yaro ta jiki. A wannan rukuni na rarrabe magunguna:

• I tsara.

• II tsara.

• III tsara.

Shirye-shirye ga yara - I ƙarni

Abin da akwai desensitizing kwayoyi? Lissafa su aka gabatar a kasa:

• "Fenistil" - rekomenovan yara girmi wata daya a cikin nau'i na saukad.

• "Diphenhydramine" - a kan wata bakwai.

• "Suprastin" - fiye da shekara guda. Kafin ya aka nada kawai a injectable tsari da kuma kawai a karkashin likita dubawa na likita.

• "Fenkarol" - fiye da shekaru uku.

• "Diazolin" - wuce shekaru biyu.

• "Clemastine" - a kan yana da shekaru shida, bayan watanni 12. a cikin nau'i na syrup kuma allura.

• "Tavegil" - a kan yana da shekaru shida, bayan watanni 12. a cikin nau'i na syrup kuma allura.

Shirye-shirye yara - II Generation

Mafi na kowa desensitizing kwayoyi na irin wannan:

• "Zyrtec" - fiye da watanni shida a cikin nau'i na maniyyi da shekaru shida a cikin kwamfutar hannu tsari.

• "Claritin" - fiye da shekaru biyu.

• "Aerius" - fiye da shekara guda a cikin nau'i na syrup, da kuma a kan goma sha biyu shekaru a cikin kwamfutar hannu tsari.

Shirye-shirye yara - III ƙarni

Desensitizing jamiái na irin wannan sun hada da:

• "Astemizole" - fiye da shekaru biyu.

• "Terfenadine" - fiye da shekaru uku a dakatar da tsari da kuma fiye da shekaru shida a cikin kwamfutar hannu tsari.

Muna fatan cewa wannan labarin ne a zabin na anti-rashin lafiyan kwayoyi ga yaro ta jiki (kuma ba kawai) to taimaka kewaya da kuma yin da hakkin zabi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa kafin a yi amfani da irin wannan magunguna dole ne a tabbatar an karanta umarnin, wanda ka iya magance da tambaya: "desensitization kwayoyi - abin da yake da shi?". Ya kamata ka kuma kanemi shawara.