Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: biography, photos da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - Rasha mawãƙi, marubuci, masanin falsafa da kuma abõkin. Dan sanannen marubuci Leonid Andreyev. Shahararsa ya fi mayar saboda sufi da rubuce-rubucen "Rose na Duniya". Yau za mu dubi tarihin wannan ban sha'awa mutum.

yara

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich shi ne na biyu, ɗan Leonid Nikolaevich (sanannen marubuci), kuma Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh. Yana da muhimmanci a lura, cewa mahaifiyar nan gaba marubuci ne mai girma-yar dangi Tarasa Grigorevicha Shevchenko. Daniel A. aka haife kan Nuwamba 2, 1906 a Berlin. Kamar 'yan kwanaki bayan haihuwa Alexander M. mutu daga puerperal zazzabi. Uba, mutuwa gigice matarsa, da ake zargi da duk jariri, sakamakon kaka (uwar Alexandra Mikhailovna) Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna yanke shawarar kai Daniel to Moscow. Akwai, ya fāɗa cikin wani iyali na ta inna, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, wanda miji ya shahara likita.

Kamar yadda wani yaro, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev da yawa rashin lafiya. Sau da yawa ya kasance kamar wani gashi ta kamu daga mutuwa. A shekara shida, yaron fadi rashin lafiya tare da diphtheria, kuma shi ya cutar da kuka fi so kaka. Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna ya daina iya yaki da cutar kuma ya mutu. Ba da da ewa kasar kusa da St. Petersburg yaron da aka je har ya nutsar da, ganin uwarsa da kakarsa. Abin farin, a karshe lokacin da ya tsaya a kan gada a kan kogin gida.

Kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa yaro ne kullum m, kuma ko da kokarin kashe kansa, ga alama cewa shi a cikin gidan na inna ba daya aikata. A gaskiya, duk abin da ya daban-daban. Innata da mijinta soma Daniel kamar ɗa, ya kewaye da shi tare da kula da kuma hankali. A waɗannan kwanaki, Dobrov gidan da aka daya daga cikin al'adu (music kuma wallafe-wallafen) cibiyoyin a Moscow. Ga zo I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin da yawa wasu. A ikon iyali ya nuna akalla cewa Daniel ya godfather na Maxim Gorky. A yanayi a gida spurred a kan yaron da kuma karfafa soyayya da wallafe-wallafe.

A 1915, tara-shekara Daniel ya rubuta na farko waka "The Garden". A wannan shekara ya zo da haske ta farko da labarai, da farko "kwari Journey" sa'an nan "Rayuwa antediluvian dabbobi." Bugu da kari, wani yaro haifar da malamin ya rubuta mai almara, wanda mataki tasowa a mafarki to su da kaina interplanetary sarari. A ganuwar dakin yaro kusantar da hotuna na shugabanni ƙirƙira su daular. Su girma wajen dace da girma da yaro.

Ilimi da kuma fadakarwa

A kaka 1917, an haifar da marubuci ya shiga dakin motsa jiki E. A. Repman, inda ya yi karatu har 1923. A shekara sai ya shiga Literary Institute mai suna bayan Brusov. Around lokaci guda Andreev fara aiki a kan wani yanki na "laifi ne". A 1926 ya shiga kungiyar Poets, wanda dade har 1929.

A watan Agusta, 1921, da 15-shekara Daniel, tafiya ta cikin murabba'ai kewaye da Kristi Mai-Ceto Cathedral, da Kremlin gani a sama a yanzu. Ya rubuta game da wannan a Babi na 1, da 2nd littafin a cikin jerin "Rose na Duniya". A na gaba, taron na wannan tsari ya faru a 1928 a lokacin Easter. Da yake a cikin Church na Ceto a Levshinov, marubuci, mawãƙi, da kuma yanzu da abõkin gan tarihin duniya kamar guda sufi rafi.

aure

A marigayi rani na 1926 matasa marubucin Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev aure Gublor Alexander, tare da wanda ya horar a Higher Jihar Darussan kan adabi. A bikin aure ya faru a ɗauka cewa kwazazzabo, a cikin coci na iyãma. A watan Fabrairu na gaba shekara da biyu a hukumance saki, da kuma Andreev tsaya halartar wallafe-wallafen darussa.

A 1928, da marubuci ya wallafa wani waka "Red Moscow", ya ci gaba da aiki a kan labari "laifi ne" da kuma fara rubuta "catacombs" zagayowar. Wannan bazara ya ciyar a Tarusa.

prewar shekaru

A cikin 40s na karshe karni Andreev yi aiki a matsayin irin zanen artist rubuta talla da sauran inscriptions. Duk da haka mafi yawan lokaci ya ba da wallafe-wallafe. A 1930, marubucin ya fara ƙirƙirar waƙa "solstice". A lokacin rani na 1931 Andreev gana da M. A. Voloshinym. Ba da da ewa, wato ranar 29 ga Yuli, a kan bankunan na Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich samu abin da ya daga baya aka bayyana a matsayin mai nasara na cosmic sani.

A cikin tsawon Fabrairu zuwa Maris 1932 ya tsunduma a wallafe-wallafen tace marubuci, sa'an nan zauna a matsayin shugaban sotsbytsektoru jarida a daya daga cikin Moscow masana'antu. A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1932 da aka haife tarin waqe "Mawãƙi Diary." Yana ne na ƙwarai cewa a kawai wani shekara, marubucin wannan tarin hallaka. A shekara ta 1933 Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev fara rubuta da muqala "The contours na wucin rukunan" cewa ya kasance sun ba a kare ba, kuma da sake zagayowar of "Shefela". A cikin kaka na 1934 da mawãƙi ziyarci Koktebel, da kuma rubuta waka, "Voloshin ta Kabarin."

A 1935, da marubuci ya zo wurin Moscow birni kwamitin hoto artists. A farkon watan Satumba na wannan shekara da aka haife shi da "Solo" waka mai taken "Song of Mansalvate", wanda zai zama gaba daya ba a kare ba har shekara uku. A 1937, da E. P. Peshkova shawarar Andreev roko ga Stalin tare da wani request domin taimakawa a samu daga zaman talala ɗan'uwansa, V. L. Andreeva. A cikin kaka na wannan shekara da marubuci a fara rubuta wani labari game da m bincike masana a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, "Baƙi Night", wanda aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin "saga na ruhu" a cikin mahallin na zamanin. By a kusa da al'amarinsu ya kusanta ne kawai a 1947.

biyu aure

A cikin bazara na 1937 Andreev gana da Alloy Ivashevoy-Musatov, wanda 8 shekaru daga baya zai zama matarsa ta biyu. Daga baya, Alla za a hukunta tare da mijinta, da kuma fito da wani shekara a baya fiye da ya aikata. Matarsa ta biyu kuwa shi ne marubuci ga goyon baya a cikin yakin shekaru, da shekaru na kurkuku kuma m shekaru bayan. An kiyaye al'adunmu da kuma gudummawar da littafin da ya babbar ayyukansu a cikin marigayi karni na ashirin. Daga baya, ta yi aiki na tsawon shekaru 15 da aka matar Evgeniya Belousova, ɗan shahararren marubuci I. A. Belousova.

yaki

A cikin bazara na 1941 ya rasu F. A. Dobrov, Daniil Leonidovich an yi ĩmãni adoptive uba. A farkon shekaru na yakin duniya na biyu Andreev ya yi aiki a kan waka "Amber" da "Jamusawa" (kuma ba a kammala), da kuma kammala a sake zagayowar waqe-waqe "catacombs." A watan Yuli 1942, ya rasu E. M. Dobrova, wanda ya kasance kamar wata uwa zuwa Andreev.

A kaka 1942 da marubuci da aka tsara a cikin sojojin. A Janairu 1943, shi mukamansu 196 th dakaru Division shiga kewaye Stalingrad. A gaban, Andreev ya mai hoto zanen, a medic da yake a cikin wani jana'izar tawagar. Ga kyau sabis marubuci bayar da lambar yabo "Gama tsaron na Leningrad". Yuni 25, 1945 th Andreeva gane naƙasasshe WWII 2nd kungiyar.

Bayan da yaki, da mawãƙi koma zuwa Moscow da kuma samu mai hoto zanen a cikin Museum of Communications. 4 ga watan Nuwamba, 1945, ya ƙa'ida aure A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

a gidan yari,

A farkon shekarar 1947, marubucin kammala labari "Night Wanderers" da kuma fara la'akari da kashi na biyu na samarwa trilogy, wanda za a kira "sama Kremlin" da kuma} unshi da gaba-line kwarewa na marubuci.

Afrilu 21, 1947 saboda denunciation, kuma da labari "Night Wanderers" Andreeva Allah wadai da Mataki na ashirin da 58. Ake zargi da anti-Soviet farfaganda da kuma 'yan ta'adda nufi Daniil Leonidovich samu shekaru 25 a kurkuku, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne m azãba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Bugu da kari ga marubuci sha wahala daga kama da 'yan'uwansa. 19 dangi da abokai Andreeva da aka yankewa hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku domin ajalin daga 10 zuwa shekaru 25 a aiki sansani. All Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, rubuta kafin cikar MGB kasance halakakku.

A watan Nuwamba shekarar 1948, Daniel Akhmetov rako daga Lefortovo kurkuku a Vladimir (wannan "Vladimir Tsakiya"). Duk da ƙarshe, Andreev ci gaba da rayayye shiga a cikin rubuce-rubuce da wallafe-wallafen ayyukansu. A 1950, ya kammala da waka "Nemerecha", wanda aka fara a cikin 37th. waka "City Day Symphony" da aka rubuta a cikin watan Disamba, 1950. A karshen wannan watan, tare da wani bambanci na rana daya, Andreev fara aiki a kan "Iron asiri" da kuma "Rose na duniya."

A shekarar 1951, marubucin yi aiki a kan "Morning oratorio" da kuma "Mutuwar Ivan da Munin." A shekara, ya fara aiki a kan ta farko version na littafin "Rasha alloli" da kuma rubuta waka da ake kira "Rugini". A 1953, da labari da aka saka da littafin "The sabuwar Plutarch," wanda Andreev rubuta tare da ya cellmates, Parin physiologist da kuma tarihi L. cancers. A cikin kaka na shekarar 1953, kafin ya koma a kan zuwa wani cell, marubucin Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev samu sufi abubuwan, wanda, kamar yadda ya ce daga baya, ya taba gani ba a ta girma.

A watan Nuwamba shekarar 1954, Andreev rubuta a cikin sunan G. M. Malenkova - Shugaban Tarayyar Soviet majalisar ministocin kasar, wata sanarwa da sake ƙaryata mika wuyansu da yarda daga cikin Soviet tsarin, a cikin ra'ayi na "da rashin gaske mulkin demokra yanci." A karshen wannan shekara, Andreev da wani ciwon zuciya. A shekarar 1955 ya yi aiki a kan waka "The Demon biya" da "Navna". Fabrairu 8, 1956 dan uwan Dmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - mutu a sansanin asibiti. A watan Mayu na wannan shekara da marubuci gama samfurin na "Mystery Train." Kuma a ranar 10 ga Agusta 1956, matarsa da aka saki daga sansanin. A 'yan makonni bayan ta saki Hukumar na Presidium Koli Soviet da Tarayyar Soviet bayar da umarni bisa ga abin da na Mataki na ashirin da 58 ya ragu zuwa 10 a gidan yari shekaru azãba.

Agusta 24, 1956, a karo na farko na kama shi, da mawãƙi Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev gan matarsa a Vladimir kurkuku. 23 Afrilu na shekara ya aka saki daga hannunsu. Yuni 21, 1957 farko zargin da Andreev kasance gaba daya soke, da kuma a kan Yuli 11, ya aka gyara.

'yan shekarun nan

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1957 kula ciwon huhu Daniel Andreev karo na farko bayan fiye da shekaru 40 na rabuwa, ya gana da yayansa Vadim. Daga Nuwamba 57th Andreev da matarsa zauna a Moscow. Around daidai wannan lokaci shi mayar da matsayi a matsayin nakasassu mutum na biyu kungiyar, a shafe fensho a cikin adadin 347 rubles. Nuwamba 30, 1957 ya rasu a dan uwan na marubuci, A. F. Dobrov. A karshen 57th, tare da Z. Rahim Andreev yi aiki a kan translation na Japan Fumiko Hayashi labarai kunshe a cikin littafin "Shida labaru."

Fabrairu 12, 1958 th Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev aika kwamitin tsakiya wata wasika tambayar ka sami saba da shi da shayari. Bisa ga marubuci, ya zauna, kuna ɓõyẽwa ne aikinsa daga mutane, shi ne kawai m ga shi. Fabrairu 26 ya aka kirã su zuwa ga kwamitin tsakiya. A tattaunawar da hukumomin ba da marubuci da bege cewa a nan gaba aikinsa za a iya buga. Bugu da kari, a cikin gajeren lokaci ya ko samu daga Writers 'Union kudi taimako.

A cikin bazara na shekarar 1958 Andreev aka kwantar a asibiti tare da wani exacerbation na angina kuma atherosclerosis. Yuni 4, ya yi aure tare da matarsa Alloy Andreevoy a Rizopolozhensky Haikali. Bayan bikin aure, biyu suka tafi a kan tafiya a kan jirgin ruwan daga Moscow zuwa Ufa da kuma mayar. A farkon watan Yuli na wannan shekara ya zo a kusa da rubutu ta goma sha ɗaya da littafi daga cikin rubutun "Rose na Duniya". By tsakiyar kaka da cikakken rubutun da aka saka. A daidai wannan lokaci da marubuci ya kammala aikin a kan wani tarin waqe, "The Legend of Yarosvete" da waka "Wrong Side Duniya".

A lokacin da dare daga 18 zuwa 19 ga watan Oktoba, 1958 Andreev rubuta waka da aka kira "Da zarar kan wani lokaci a farkon Firayim na rayuwa ...." A shi mawãƙi yi addu'a saboda samun cetonsu sai ya rubuce-rubucen. Wadannan watan, a sake zagayowar waqe-waqe na Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev aka harhada, da ake kira "Mai Tsarki Rasha da ruhohi." 14 ga watan Nuwamba, bayan ya dawo daga Hot Key, marubucin sake shigar da su zuwa asibiti.

A karshen Janairu 1959 A. A. Andreevoy mika sammacin ga dakin a kabilu Apartment a kan Leninsky Prospekt. Ga Andreev, shan azaba da m zuciya harin, ya ciyar da karshe shida makonni ransa.

Maris 30, 1959 Daniel Leonidovich mutu. 3 Afrilu, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov marubuci karanta binne sabis a cikin coci a kan shaida daga cikin tũfa da Don. Andreev aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi kusa da kabarin mahaifiyarsa.

al'adunmu

Lokacin da rai na mawãƙi, mawallafin, sufi da Falsafa Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, wanda photos nuna babbar Dubi, babu wani daga cikin m ayyukan marubucin da ba a buga. A togiya ne watakila cewa littafin "ƙwarai dutsen explorers na Central Asia" da aka buga tare da haɗin gwiwar S. N. Matveevym.

Ya mutu a shekaru 52 da haihuwa, Daniil Leonidovich da yawa zuwa ce, kuma suka aikata. Babban abu shi ne abin da ya so, amma ba - don gina wata makaranta domin hazaka yara ne ethically da saduwa da masu karatu. Fiye da shekaru talatin bayan mutuwarsa, matarsa, a asirce kiyaye rubutum, da tsoron cewa a daya batu suka iya sake a hallaka. Babban aikin da Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev - "Rose na Duniya" da aka buga kawai a shekarar 1991, kusan kafin faduwar Soviet tsarin mulki. Saboda haka a nan ne mai ban ci gaba Biography Daniil Andreev. A marubuci ta rayuwa da yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da, da kuma karfi ji na takaici, ban mamaki da wahayi da kuma tausayin humiliations. Amma duk da wannan, ya ko da yaushe ya kasance a ganina.

memory

A shekarar 2003, izini da matar Daniel Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Alexey Kurbatov hada da music da waka Andreeva "Leningrad Apocalypse". A cikin fall na 2014 wins da kuma kauye dake a cikin Bryansk yankin, da gidan kayan gargajiya Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha da aka bude, wanda biography mun yi nazari.