Daga marar amfani ga al'adu da kwata: Theater Square na St. Petersburg

Wasan kwaikwayo Square a St. Petersburg ya fara tare da wata babbar wõfintattu yawa tsakanin Moika, Griboyedov da Kryukov canals. The m daga Holland Simon Brumberg, wanda ya rayu a cikin makwabciyar Proviantskaya titi, a tsakiyar XVIII karni, a cikin wani wõfintattu yawa gan niƙa. Energy iska da kuma ruwan Mills amfani ga sawing rajistan ayyukan da samar da kayan gini. Ga wasu lokaci, da marar amfani yanki da aka mai suna Brumbergovoy (1765-1770 gg.).

Duk da haka, a 'yan shekaru baya, bayan gina shagala rumfa, shi zama da aka sani da wuri carousel. Ga za ka iya hau da tafiye-tafiye da kuma ganin wasanni na dawakai a wani babban katako amphitheater da bencina. Doki wasanni (wanda ake sa'an nan da ake kira "carousels") da aka gudanar a kan wani madauwari fagen fama, kamar circus.

Lokacin da circus rududdugaggu a wurin gina wani gini na farko Rasha m gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A babban dutse gini da aka fito daga wani abu birni m Antonio Rinaldi, daya daga cikin mawallafa na St. Ishaku Cathedral. Sau uku a mako, babban birnin ta beau Monde da cewa lokaci ya motsa saukar da wasanni. A wasan kwaikwayo ƙone da akai-akai gina sau da yawa. A sarari a gaban shi, ba tare da ƙarin ƙorahi ba, ya fara kira "yanki na Stone Theater" ko "A babban yankin a gaban Dutsen Theater".

A zamani sunan - Theater Square - An gyarawa kawai a 1812. A karshen karni a shafin na Stone Theater m Vladimirom Nikolya aka tsara da kuma gina ginin mafi girma m makarantu na farko a Rasha - St. Petersburg kide. Its digiri sun Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Sergei Prokofiev, Dmitri Shostakovich, Georgy Sviridov. Ga mu sanar, Rimsky-Korsakov da Anton Rubinstein. Yau, da kide har yanzu shan musically hazaka matasa.

Sunan "Wasan Kwaikwayo" Ajiye ga yankin saboda da cewa a cikin shekaru 40 na XIX karni a gaban tsohuwar wasan kwaikwayo da aka gina da ake kira wasan kwaikwayo-circus, wanda ke tsunduma a cikin zane zanen gine-gine Albert Cavos. Ya bayar a zagaye mataki gini, dace circus nuna da kuma wasan kwaikwayo wasanni.

Abin baƙin ciki, ginin ƙone. 12 Bayan shekaru ya sake samu wata resounding sunan, yanzu da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya - da Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin girmamawa ga matar da Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II, Maria Feodorovna. A Soviet sau, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka mai suna bayan S. M. Kirova. Sharp-tongued Petersburgers Kwafa shi tobiko (Theater na Kirov Opera da kuma rawa). Ya adireshin (St. Petersburg Theater Square, 1) da aka sani zuwa ga mutane da yawa magoya na wasan kwaikwayo a duniya. A nan, a Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma Chaliapin haskaka Ulanova, Pavlova da Rudolf Nureyev.

A ƙarshen XIX karni Theater Square aka kerata, akwai bayyana Monuments kompozitoru- "bayar da labarun baka" Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov da kafa Rasha classic Mikhail Glinka. Sha'awa, da farko wasanni a duka sinimomi - da Mariinsky da Stone - ya zama mawaki ta opera "A Life ga Tsar".

Wasan kwaikwayo Square aka kewaye da gidajen da administrative gine-gine, wanda su ma da Monuments na gine na XIX karni. Saboda haka, gidan a gidan wasan kwaikwayo Square, da gidan da lambar 4, mallakar St. Petersburg m Yegor Sokolov da aka gina bisa ga zane. Daga baya wasu mutane mallakar wani gida. Gab da mutuwarsa a cikin Apartment lambar 18 ga shekara rayu wani shahararren artist Mikhail Vrubel. Shi ne a cikin wannan gini mai zane-zane aiki a kan wani zanen "Pearl" da "Bayan da concert."

House lambar 8 bafadan, marubuci kuma fassara Nikita Vsevolozhsk. Sai ya zama a wannan gini da aka faruwa saduwa mambobi daga cikin shahararrun wallafe-wallafen jama'a "Green Light", ciki har da A. S. Pushkin. A daya daga cikin dakunan da qasaita a cikin hasken da kore fitilar nan gaba Decembrists da freethinkers tattauna art, tarihi da kuma siyasa.

A gidan lamba 14 rayu fice mutum - Nikolay Semenovich Mordvinov, Rasha sojan ruwa kwamandan da dattaku. Ya aka dauke mafi kyau tattalin arziki na farkon na XIX karni. Shi ne kawai memba na kotun na Decembrists, ba don shiga cikin hukuncin kisa ga su. A cikin ginin akwai Zhukovsky da Karamzin, nan gaba Decembrists da Lermontov. A gidan ya dade a yara asibiti lamba 17, ya a halin yanzu ake gina karkashin hudu-star hotel da karkashin kasa da filin ajiye motoci.

A yawa na gine-gine a kan wasan kwaikwayo Square ne da ake kira m gidaje, watau Apartment gine-gine, da wuraren da aka takalman fitar da kawo kyau samun kudin shiga ga mai shi. A lokuta daban-daban, wadannan Apartments a tenement gidajen da aka dauka ta hanyar mutane, da girman kai na Rasha tarihi da kuma al'adu. Saboda haka, a cikin Apartment gidan S. I. Andreeva (Theater Square, 2) a cikin shekaru biyar da suka zauna da sanannun actor kuma darektan Vsevolod Meyerhold, kuma a cikin Apartment gidan bango Kister (Theater Square, 16) ya rayu yar rawa Avdotya Istomin, wanda "rai cike da jirgin "na rera waka Pushkin.

A yankin tserar da memory na cikin mutanen da suka tafi, ta hanyar da shi. Ta har yanzu yana da wani musamman ruhu. A gidan mai lamba 10 ne Italian Cibiyar Al'adu, da kuma ko da cafes da kuma gidajen cin abinci da amfani ga masoya na gargajiya music kuma zanen. Su ciki ne na fasaha (piano, dara, zane-zane, m pastel tabarau), da kuma sunayen ne m: "The Nutcracker", "Sadko", "Manzon Allah Sallallahu gurbi", "Backstage", "La Boheme."

Ana sa ran cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo Square zai zama ainihin "al'adu da kwata" na biyu Rasha babban birnin kasar: gina mataki na biyu na Mariinsky gidan wasan kwaikwayo, a 2015-16 ta da tsare-tsaren bude a yankin na Metro Station.