Crystallization kuma narkewa jadawalin na canje-canje a cikin tara jihar na abu

Wannan talifin ya bayyana ma'anar crystallization da kuma narkewa. A misali na daban-daban a jihohin tari na ruwa da aka bayyana, nawa zafi ne da ake bukata domin daskarewa da kuma thawing da kuma dalilin da ya sa wadannan dabi'u ne daban-daban. Yana nuna bambanci tsakanin poly- da kuma guda lu'ulu'u, kazalika da wuya daga cikin yi na karshen.

Motsi zuwa wani tara jihar

An talakawa mutum yayi tunani game da wannan rare amma rayuwa a kan matakin a wadda ta wanzu a yanzu, dã ya kasance ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da kimiyya. Mene ne wannan? A wuya tambaya, saboda da yawa daga cikin matakai abin da ke faruwa a ke dubawa da dama tarbiyya. Mamaki ga wanda gano fannin kimiyya ne da wuya, shi ne crystallization da kuma narkewa. Zai ze, da kyau, abin da ke da wuya: akwai ruwa - ya zama kankara, ya wani karfe ball - ya zama tafki na ruwa karfe. Duk da haka, daidai sunadaran da mulki daga jihar tari zuwa wani samarwar. Physics hawa zurfi a cikin Jungle, amma ga hango ko hasashen daidai a abin nufi zai fara narkewa da crystallization na jikinsu ba tukuna aka samu.

Abin da muka sani

Wani abu da bil'adama har yanzu sani. Da narkewa batu da kuma crystallization fairly sauƙi m empirically. Amma duk abin da ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Kowa ya san cewa ruwa ya narke, kuma freezes a sifili digiri Celsius. Duk da haka, ruwan ne yawanci ba kawai a msar tambayar gina, a takamaiman adadin. Kada ka manta cewa da narkewa da crystallization tsari ba instantaneous. Ice shigen sukari farawa ya narke a baya fiye daidai kai sifili digiri, da ruwa a cikin na farko beaker aka rufe da kankara lu'ulu'u a zazzabi wanda dan kadan ya wuce maki a kan sikelin.

Kadaici da kuma sha zafi a lokacin miƙa mulki ga wani daban-daban jihar tari

Crystallization kuma narkewa daskararru tare da wasu thermal effects. A cikin ruwa jiha da kwayoyin (ko wani lokacin kwayoyin halitta) suna juna ba sosai m. Daidai saboda wannan, suna da ikon "kwarara." Lokacin da jiki fara rasa zafi, kwayoyin zarra da kwayoyin fara aurar da su a cikin mafi yawan dace tsarin. Saboda haka, crystallization faruwa. Sau da yawa ya dogara da waje yanayi, da aka samu daga wannan carbon graphite, lu'u-lu'u, ko fullerene. Saboda haka ba ne kawai da zazzabi amma kuma matsin lamba da tasiri a kan hanya zai ci gaba crystallization da kuma narkewa. Duk da haka, domin ya hallakar da crystal tsarin da m connection, yana daukan wani bit more makamashi, ya kuma inganta adadin zafi fiye da abin da ya haifar da su. Saboda haka, kayan za su daskare da sauri fiye da narke matakai karkashin wannan yanayi. Wannan sabon abu ne da ake kira latent zafi, da kuma nuna bambancin da aka bayyana a sama. Ka tuna cewa latent zafi ne ba da alaka da zafi da kuma irin wannan ya nuna yawan zafi da ake bukata domin narke da crystallization faru.

Canza a juz'i lokacin da ya sauya sheka zuwa wani tara jihar

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da lambar kuma ingancin links a cikin ruwa da kuma m jihohin ne daban-daban. Ga ruwa a jihar na bukatar karin makamashi, saboda haka, kwayoyin halitta matsawa da sauri kullum tsalle daga wuri daya zuwa wani kuma samar da wani wucin gadi dangane. Tun da mawadãta daga cikin oscillations na barbashi ya fi girma, da kuma cikin ruwa ne ya fi girma. Ganin cewa a cikin wani m m connection, kowane zarra kumburin game da wani matsayi da ma'auni, ya ke iya barin matsayinsa. Wannan tsarin daukan up kasa sarari. Saboda haka cewa narkewa da crystallization abubuwa tare da wani canji a cikin girma.

Kadarorin narkewa da crystallization ruwa

Wannan kowa da muhimmanci ruwa ga duniya tamu, kamar yadda ruwa zai iya ba yo wasa a babban rawa a cikin rayuwar kusan dukkan halittu. Aka bayyana a sama ne bambanci tsakanin adadin zafi da ake bukata domin crystallization da kuma narkewa ya faru, kazalika da canji a cikin juz'i na lokacin canza jihar na tari. Wasu ware don biyu dokoki ne ruwa. Hydrogen daban-daban kwayoyin a cikin wani ruwa jihar ko da a takaice alaka, kafa rauni, amma har yanzu ba sifili hydrogen bond. Wannan bayyana musamman manyan zafi damar wannan duniya m. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ruwa ya kwarara, wadannan sadarwa ba su tsoma baki. Amma rawar da suka taka a lokacin misãlin (a cikin wasu kalmomi, crystallization) har zuwa karshen rage m. Duk da haka, ya kamata mutum ya gaskata cewa kankara na wannan taro bautarka mafi girma fiye da ruwa ruwa. Wannan al'amari ne da haddasa mai yawa lalacewar mai amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa da kuma kai da matsaloli da yawa bautar mutane.

Ba kawai sau daya ko sau biyu a cikin labarai haskaka da irin wannan saƙonni. A cikin hunturu, da tukunyar jirgi dakin na wani m kauyen akwai wani hatsari. Saboda snowstorms, kankara da kuma nauyi sanyi basu da lokaci ya fitar da man fetur. Ruwa kawota zuwa dumama da kuma taps, baturi, ƙara dumi. Idan shi ba lokacin da za a magudana, da barin tsarin akalla partially komai, kuma shi ne mafi alhẽri bushe, shi zai fara zuwa saya yanayi zazzabi. More sau da yawa fiye da ba, da rashin alheri, a wannan lokacin akwai nauyi frosts. Kuma da kankara tearing bututu, da barin mutane ba tare da wani zarafi ga wani dadi rayuwa a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Sa'an nan, ba shakka, kawar da hatsari, m gaggawa yanayi ma'aikatar, watse ta cikin Blizzard don bombarded da helikofta 'yan ton na coveted kwal da matalauta aikin famfo a cikin m sanyi Agogon canji shambura.

Snow da kuma snowflakes

Imagining da kankara, mu sau da yawa zaton na sanyi cubes a gilashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ko kuma da sararin expanses na daskararre Antarctic. Snow da aka sani da mutane kamar yadda na musamman sabon abu, wanda ya zama alama da alaqa da ruwa. Amma a gaskiya shi ne guda kankara, kawai daskarewa a wani tsari, wanda kayyade siffar. Suka ce cewa biyu m snowflakes a duniya duka ba ya wanzu. A masanin kimiyya daga Amurka dauki up al'amarin tsanani, kuma ya m da yanayin domin samun wadannan beauties hex so siffar. Ya dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya samar da ko da wani Blizzard na snowflakes image biya ta abokin ciniki. Ba zato ba tsammani, ƙanƙara, da dusar ƙanƙara, da misãlinsa, shi ne sosai m sakamakon da crystallization tsari - daga tururi da kuma ba ruwa. Reconversion na m jiki a lokaci daya a gaseous naúra tana kira sublimation.

Single lu'ulu'u da polycrystalline

Kowa da kowa ya gani hunturu kankara alamu a kan gilashin a cikin bas. Suna kafa saboda zafin jiki cikin abin hawa ne a sama sifili Celsius. Kuma baicin, da yawa daga mutane numfashi tare da iska daga cikin huhu da nau'i-nau'i, samar da mafi zafi. Amma gilashin (sau da yawa da dabara Single) ne a yanayi zazzabi, cewa shi ne mai korau. Ruwa tururi, m shi sosai da sauri hasarar zafi, kuma ya jũya a cikin wani m jihar. Daya crystal sandunansu zuwa wani, kowane daga cikin wadannan nau'i ne dan kadan daban-daban daga baya daya, da kuma sauri girma kyau asymmetrical alamu. Wannan misali ne na polycrystalline. "Poly" - daga Latin "da yawa". A wannan yanayin, wasu daga microparts hade cikin guda naúrar. Wani karfe samfurin - ma sau da yawa polycrystalline. Kuma a nan shi ne cikakken tsari na halitta ma'adini Prism - shi ne guda crystal. A da tsarin, babu wanda zai sami imperfections da kuma gibba, alhãli kuwa a polycrystalline kundin kwatance guda ana shirya da ka kuma bai yarda da juna.

Smartphone, kuma binopkulari

Amma a zamani da fasaha sau da yawa na bukatar gaba daya tsarki guda lu'ulu'u. Alal misali, kusan duk wani smartphone ƙunshi a cikin zurfin silicon memory kashi. Babu zarra a cikin dukan wannan girma kamata ba za a koma daga manufa location. Kowane mutum na da ya dauki da wuri. In ba haka ba, maimakon hotuna za ka samu fitarwa sauti, da kuma, mafi yawansu duk, m.

Binopkulari, dare hangen nesa na'urorin ma bukatar isasshen girma guda lu'ulu'u cewa maida infrared radiation cikin bayyane haske. Hanyar domin su girma da lambar, amma kowane bukatar musamman da hankali da kuma cikakken lissafin. Yadda samu guda lu'ulu'u, masana kimiyya fahimta daga lokaci zane-zane, Ina nufin neman a wani jadawali na narkewa da crystallization da samfurin. Ƙirƙiri hoto da aka wuya, saboda haka, kayayyakin kimiyya da aka musamman yaba da masana kimiyya suka yanke shawarar su gano duk cikakkun bayanai na jadawalin.