Complex ginin kalma: misali sentences. Da baƙi a cikin hadaddun syntactical constructions

A cikin Rasha da harshen akwai babban adadin ginin kalma, amma su ikon yinsa, daga aikace-aikace, daya - da canja wurin da aka rubuta ko magana maganar. Su sauti a al'ada conversational da kuma kasuwanci da kimiyya da harshen, suna amfani da wakoki da kuma litattafan. Yana iya zama duka sauki da kuma hadadden ginin kalma, babban manufar wanda - yadda ya kamata kai da ra'ayin da ma'anar abin da aka ce.

Wannan mas'ala ta hadaddun constructions

Mutane da yawa marubuta fi son bayyana labari a cikin ayyukansu, tare da taimakon sauki da kuma gajeren sentences. Wadannan sun hada da Chekhov ( "brevity - 'yar'uwar iyawa"), Babel, O. Henry da sauransu. Amma akwai marubutan da suka yi amfani sentences with wani hadadden syntactic tsarin, ba kawai ga mafi alhẽri iyar da bayanin, amma kuma da motsin zuciyarmu da cewa shi evokes. A mafi girma rarraba su samu daga marubuta kamar Hugo, Leo Tolstoy, Nabokov da sauransu.

Complex ginin kalma - wannan tsari a cikin abin da akwai daban-daban na syntactic dangantakar. Su za a iya hada:

• Coordinative da conjunctionless sadarwar: "Manyan snowflakes sannu a hankali a farko ya fadi a gaban daɓen, sa'an nan fadi mafi hanzari - a Blizzard fara."
• Asyndetic da subordinative: "A da yamma, yanayin deteriorated sharply, wanda ya so ya je yawo, a lokacin da na gama na kasuwanci."
• Mixed: "Duk baƙi a shirun ya shiga dakin, suka tsaya, kuma kawai bayan da suka fara magana a cikin wani rada a matsayin kofa ba ze wanda gayyace su a nan."
• Coordinative da zama ƙarƙashin dangane: "The babban kyau Maple leaf fadi a ƙafafuna, kuma na yanke shawarar daukowa a saka a cikin wani gilashin fure a gida."

Don yadda ya kamata gina hadaddun ginin kalma, ya kamata ka sani ba daidai da yadda juna sassa. Daga wannan kuma ya dogara da jeri na da alamun rubutu.

Coordinative fili na irin

A Rasha, wani hadadden ginin kalma iya kunshi sassa tattare wuri da daya daga cikin 3-daban na sadarwa - coordinative, karkashi kuma asyndetic ko duk a lokaci daya. Syntactic tsarin coordinative irin mahadi ake hada biyu ko fiye daidai tayi alaka harhada conjunctions.

Tsakanin su iya kawo ƙarshen ko musanya su, tun kowane daga cikinsu a kan nasu, amma tare da suke yi har da ma'anar guda mahaluži, misali:

• Karanta wannan littafin da kuma za ka samu wani sabon gaba daya wahayi na gaskiya. (Tsakanin biyu bada shawarwari za a iya kawo karshen, amma abun ciki zai zama guda).
• Gabatowa hadari, da kuma sararin sama bayyana duhu girgije, da kuma iska da aka cika da danshi, da farko iska tashin iska zuga itacen rawanin. (Sassa za a iya interchanged, kuma da ma'anar jumla ne guda).

Coordinative bond iya zama daya daga cikin m gyara a hadaddun sentences. Known misalai na ta hade tare da asyndetic bond.

Haduwa ta amfani da irin murya

Complex ginin kalma sau da yawa hadawa da coordinative bond tare da asyndetic. Don haka ya kira hadaddun sentences, sassa na wanda suna da alaka da juna musamman irin murya, misali:

"Ta quickened ta mataki (1): abun da ke ciki, puffing, koro zuwa tashar (2), kuma da locomotive Kakakin aka tabbatar (3)."

Tsakanin farko da na biyu sassa na tsarin conjunctionless mahada, da kuma na biyu da na uku sentences ake hada coordinative bond, su ne gaba daya daidai, kuma ba za ka iya saka wani batu tsakanin su.

A wannan misali akwai wani hade asyndetic coordinative shaidu da hadewa lexical ma'anar.

Design da coordinative da zama ƙarƙashin connection

Sentences a wanda wani sashi ba shi da main, da kuma sauran dogara, da ake kira fili. A daidai wannan lokaci daga na farko zuwa na biyu, za ka iya ko da yaushe sa wata tambaya, ko da inda shi ne, misali:

• Ba na son (as cewa?), Sa'ad da na katse. (Main Unit kamata farko bayar).
• Lokacin da na katse, ba na son shi (lokacin da?). (The shawara ta fara da zama ƙarƙashin bangaren).
• Natasha yanke shawarar (ga yadda dogon?), Wannan zai bar wani dogon lokaci (me?), Saboda abin da ya faru karfi da tasiri da shi. (The farko na jumla ne babban da girmamawa ga na biyu, yayin da na biyu - dangane da uku).

A hada a cikin daya, da kuma subordinative coordinative shaidu samar da hadaddun cakude. Misalai na bada shawarwari tattauna a kasa.

"Na gane (1) cewa ina jiran wani sabon fitina (2), kuma wannan ganin ya ba ni ƙarfin (3)."

A kashi na farko ne babba dangane da biyu, wadanda suka shafi biyaya connection. A bisa uku shiga su coordinative bond tare da taimakon ƙungiyar kuma.

"Yaron ya shirye su kuka (1), hawaye kuma sun cika masa idanu riga (2) a lokacin da ƙofar, aka buɗe (3), saboda haka ya iya ci gaba bayan da mahaifiyarsa (4)."

A farko da kuma na biyu jumla suna da alaka coordinative bond tare da taimakon kungiyar AU "da kuma". Na biyu, uku da na hudu sassa na tsarin ya danganta da biyayya.

A hadaddun syntactical constructions shawarwari na wanda suka kunshi iya wuya. Ga wani misali.

"Iska tsince, girma da kowane tashin iska na (1), da kuma mutane a ɓoye, a cikin fuska ƙuƙumma (2) a lokacin da aka biyar musu da wani sabon flurry na (3)."

A kashi na farko ne rikitarwa fi'ili participle phrases.

Nau'in conjunctionless da subordinating constructions

A Rasha, za ka iya sau da yawa sami asyndetic tayi, a hade tare da subordinative irin na sadarwa. A cikin irin wannan kayayyaki iya zama uku ko fiye da sassa, wasu daga waxanda suke babba daya da kuma ga sauran dogara. Sun hade da wani bangare na kungiyoyin kwadago ba tare da yin amfani da irin murya. Wannan ake kira hadaddun ginin kalma (misalai a kasa) subordinating-asyndetic bond:

"A lokacin da na matsananci gajiya, na samu mai ban ji (1) - ina yin shi (2), to wanda ban kasance a cikin rai (3)."

A cikin wannan misali, da farko da na biyu sassa suna da alaka da wani na kowa ma'anar da kuma irin murya, alhãli kuwa da biyu (main) da kuma na uku (m) - wani hadadden jumla.

"Lokacin da ta ke yin kankara (1), uwa Kuta ni yawa shawl (2), saboda wannan ba zan iya matsar da kullum (3), wanda aka musamman hampered play tare da sauran yara a cikin dusar ƙanƙara (4)."

A wannan tsari na biyu babban bangare ne dangi zuwa na farko, amma shi ake dangantawa da uku sautin. Bi da bi, da uku jumla ne da farko dangane da hudu da kuma wakiltar fili tsarin.

A wani hadadden syntactic tsarin wasu sassa za a iya haɗa ba tare da wani ƙawance, amma a lokaci guda ya zama wani ɓangare na slozhnopodchinitelnogo tayi.

The zane na iri daban-daban na sadarwa

Complex ginin kalma, wanda aka yi amfani a lokaci guda duk irin na sadarwa, shi ne nadiri. Aiwatar da irin wannan tayi a wallafe-wallafen texts, marubucin yake so ya kai kamar yadda suka fade a daya jumla events da kuma ayyukan, misali:

"All tẽku ya rufe tare da taguwar ruwa (1), cewa tsarin kula da tekun ya zama fiye da (2), su sunã warware tare da amo da wani karfi da shamaki (3), kuma tare da wani disgruntled abin raini ruwa janye (4) to dawo da kuma buga tare da kara ( 5). "

A cikin wannan misali, da farko da na biyu sassa suna da alaka karkashi connection. Biyu da na uku - asyndetic, tsakanin uku da na hudu - coordinative bond, da kuma hudu da na biyar - sake subordinative. Irin wannan rikitarwa ginin kalma za a iya raba 'yan sentences, amma yin up dukan, su ne mafi wani tunanin.

Division of bada shawarwari tare da daban-daban na sadarwa

Alamar rubutu a hadaddun syntactical constructions ana sa a kan wannan akai kamar yadda a cikin hadaddun, slozhnosochinennogo conjunctionless kuma sentences, misali:

• Lokacin da gabashin sama aka juya launin toka, ya ji kukan wani zakara. (Ƙarƙashin connection).
• Light hazo sa a kwarin, da iska quivered kan ganye. (Fili jumla).
• Lokacin da Disc rana ya tashi sama da sararin sama, kamar yadda idan dukan duniya ta cika da sauti - tsuntsaye, kwari da dabbobi gaishe da sabon rana. (Waƙafi tsaye tsakanin babban da kuma dogara a sassa na wani hadadden jumla, kuma a dash raba shi daga conjunctionless).

Idan muka hada da bada shawarwari a cikin daya, ka samu wani hadadden ginin kalma (9 aji ginin kalma):

"Idan sama a gabas da aka juya launin toka, ya ji kukan zakara (1), haske hazo sa a kwarin, da iska rawar jiki sama da ciyawa (2), a lokacin da Disc rana ya tashi sama da sararin sama, kamar yadda idan dukan duniya ta cika da sauti - tsuntsaye, kwari da dabbobi maraba da sabon rana (3). "

Analysis na hadaddun syntactic constructions

Domin gudanar da bincike na bada shawarwari tare da daban-daban na connection, dole ku:

• sanin da irin - declarative, interrogative da ya zama wajibi;
• gano yadda da yawa daga cikin bada shawarwari, shi ne mai sauki, da kuma samun su da iyaka da;
• gane da iri sadarwa tsakanin sassa na ginin kalma.
• halin da tsarin kowace block (hadaddun ko sauki jumla).
• sa wa makirci.

Saboda haka yana yiwuwa karkasa tsarin da wani yawan sadarwa da tubalan.

Aikace-aikace bada shawarwari tare da daban-daban na sadarwa

Irin Tsarin ake amfani a yau da kullum magana, kazalika a aikin jarida da kuma wallafe-wallafe. Su ne mafi aika da ji da motsin zuciyarmu marubucin fiye da rubuta dabam. Great master, don amfani da hadaddun ginin kalma da shi ya Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.