China: A gyara na pre-neman sauyi Crisis

Okoloburzhuaznye kundin tsarin daular mulkinsu da kuma bourgeois da'ira, jagorancin Chzhan Tszyanem nema ba flashy, amma a real zamani na kasar Sin, a cikin ruhu na lardin shawarwari kwamitocin bukatun 1909- 1911 biennium. Ku bi m da'irori domin mahaifarsa rabo, Rasha-Japanese yaki na 1904-1905., GYan wuri a kasar Sin gona, mai ban tausayi misali na Korea, a 1910 annexed da Japan, da dogon-tsaye rikici tsakanin tsarin mulki yan adawa da kuma ba ya so ka ba da up da matsayi Manchu despotism halitta na farko bangaren na pre-sauyi rikicin.

Wannan shi ne karo bangaren na neman sauyi Democratic Movement karkashin jagorancin shahararren Sin juyin juya halin Musulunci Sun Yat-sen. Su a cikin 1894, an halitta "Tarurrukan na kasar Sin Union" kifar da Manchu mulki. By 1905, kasar Sin riga kasance da dama kungiyoyin neman sauyi. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da farko Rasha juyin juya halin na 1905 da kuma bude shi cikin zamanin "tada Asia" ya fara da m girma na neman sauyi anti-Manchu jin zuciya. The National Liberation Movement a kasar Sin ya shiga wani sabon mataki. A 1905, a karkashin jagorancin Sun Yat-sen da Huang Sina garwaya daban-daban kungiyoyin neman sauyi a cikin "Association na Union." China gyara prerevolutionary rikicin ...

The uku bangaren na pre-neman sauyi rikicin ya da kaifi karuwa a cikin "haihuwa Sin tarzoma", watau. E. Halitta kuma warwatse anti-Manchu, antinalogovyh yunkuri da kuma jin yunwa (shinkafa) tarzoma, sau da yawa jagorancin sirrin jama'a. Wadannan m, kuma duk da girma motsi muhimmanci girgiza Qing tsarin mulki.

A karo na hudu bangaren na maturing na wani sauyi halin da ake ciki sun "m" motsi bourgeoisified gentry, gonaki da bourgeoisie kanta da mamayar da kasashen waje babban birnin kasar. Daga 1905 zuwa 1911, kasar ta riga ta shige jerin kauracewa antiinostrannyh (1905-1908), da gwagwarmayar "koma hakkokin" to kama waje hakar ma'adinai asasshe (1906- 1910), da waje rance ga Railway yi da kuma domin sayan jirgin asasshe (1907-1908 ). Akwai taro yaƙin neman zaɓe a cikin goyon bayan gida Enterprises, musamman domin gina wuraren for Sin Huguanskih Railways, sa'an nan - "Kariya na Railways" (1911). Nationalization na Qing gwamnati na zaman Railway kamfanonin Huguanskih hanyoyi sa a watan Satumba-Oktoba 1911 tawaye a lardin Sichuan - rukunin farko na juyin juya halin Xinhai. Oktoba 10, 1911 akwai wani boren a Wuchang sassa "sabon sojojin" jagorancin juyin juya-hali. A birnin da aka halitta da soja gwamnati, wanda ya yi kira da kifar da Qing daular mulkinsu da kuma kafa Jamhuriyar Sin.

Bayan wannan, 14 larduna ayyana 'yancin kansu daga Beijing. Bayan kasa da danniya na neman sauyi motsi, da Ch'ing ya ba da real iko a babban birnin kasar, zuwa ga Janar Yuan Shikai - protege na ciki dauki da kuma imperialist iko. A watan Disamba, da wakilai na m larduna suka taru a birnin Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen ya zama shugaban da shugaban na Nanking gwamnati. A ƙarshe, shi ya da "dual ikon" - a dauki adawa da juyin juya halin Musulunci ta Arewa ta Kudu. Da rashin jituwa na gida dauki da kuma iko da Nanking gwamnati, kazalika da mika mulki sassaucin ra'ayi con stitutsionalistov gefe na Yuan Shikai halitta wani amfani a cikin ni'imar da Arewa. Sun Yat-sen ya ba da sama da shugabancin wannan janar a musayar wani renunciation na Manchu daular a 1912. Bayan fall na Qing daular mulkinsu Shugaba Yuan Shikai samu daga abin da ake kira iko .zaem reorganization to ƙarfafa ikonsa. A lokacin rani na 1913 ya nutsar da su cikin jini directed a kan motsi a cikin tsakiya da kudancin kasar.

China: The aka gyara na pre-neman sauyi rikicin