Carl Maria von Weber - da mawaki, wanda ya kafa Jamus Romantic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka: biography da ayyukansu

Carl Maria von Weber - sanannen Jamus mawaki kuma mawaki na 18th karni, ya dan uwan na matar Mozart. Ya Taimaka Wajen Habbaka ƙwarai zuwa ga ci gaban music kuma wasan kwaikwayo. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Romanticism a Jamus. Cikin shahararrun ayyukan da mawaki ya fara wasan kwaikwayo.

Carl Maria von Weber: A Biography. yara

Carl aka haife shi a wani karamin Jamus garin Eutin (Holstein). Yana faru taron Disamba 18, 1786. Mahaifinsa Frants Veber, rarrabe da babban kauna ga music. Ya yi aiki a matsayin dan kasuwa a cikin wani tafiya gidan wasan kwaikwayo nagartattu.

} Ananan yara, daga nan gaba masu kida na baya daga cikin nomadic wasan kwaikwayo 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan irin yanayi ne karfi da tasiri da kuma m yaron ta nan gaba. Saboda haka, shi ne wasan kwaikwayo nagartattu shuka a cikin shi da wani amfani a ban mamaki-m nau'o'i da kuma ba da ilmi na da dokokin da m scene da ƙayyadaddu na ban mamaki Art.

A wani matashi, Weber kuma rayayye Keen kuma sha'awar zanen. Duk da haka, mahaifin kuma wana kokarin mafi saba da ya music. Franz, duk da akai tafiya, ya iya bayar da dansa mai kyau m ilimi.

A farko abun da ke ciki

A 1796, Carl von Maria Weber karatu piano a Hildburghausen, sa'an nan tsunduma a Salzburg kayan yau da kullum counterpoint a 1707, sa'an nan a Munich daga 1798 zuwa 1800 ya yi karatu abun da ke ciki art a kotu organist Kalheroma. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, sai ya ɗauki singing darussa.

Carl tsanani sha'awar music. Kuma a 1798 ya kasance a karkashin shugabanci na Y. M. Gaydna ko da halitta da dama Fughettas Keyboard. Ya na farko na mawaki. Mene ne abin mamaki bane, amma opera Carl Maria von Weber kuma fara rubuta sosai da wuri. Kamar bayan da biyu fugues bayyana wa manyan halittun, wanda aka tattauna a kasa, kazalika da manyan taro, Allemande, Ecossaises, m canons. Amma mafi ya yi Singspiel "Peter Schmoll da maƙwabtansa", halitta a 1801. A wannan aikin da ya sanã'anta yardar Johann Michael Haydn.

babban matsayi

A 1803, akwai wani gagarumin ci gaba a cikin aikin nan gaba kafa Jamus Romantic wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Wannan shekara Weber ya isa a Vienna bayan wani dogon tafiya a fadin Jamus. Ga ya gana da matukar shahara a lokacin music malami Abbé Vogler. Wannan mutum da sauri lura da gibba cewa wanzu a cikin m da kuma ka'idojin ilimi na Charles, kuma ya dauki sama da ƙari. A mawaki yi aiki tukuru da kuma aka sosai sãka. A 1804 ya, wani saurayi na goma sha bakwai, ya dauki kopelmeysterom, watau shugaban, a Breslau Opera, godiya ga taimaka Vogler. Wannan taron alama wani sabon lokaci na kerawa da kuma rayuwa Weber, wanda ya hada da wadannan lokaci frame - daga 1804 zuwa 1816.

A farkon mafi muhimmanci lokacin da kerawa

Music Karla Marii von Weber a wannan lokaci da jurewa wata babbar juyin halitta. A general, tun 1804, duka aikin mawaki canza. A wannan lokaci, shi kara ado ra'ayoyi da kuma zama na gaba Weber da kuma m iyawa bayyana kanta mafi fili.

Bugu da kari, Carl samu wani real gwaninta kamar yadda wani Oganeza a filin daga m gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Kuma sintiri tare da nagartattu cikin Prague da Breslau bude shi da shugaba ta iyawa. Amma Weber bai isa ga Master da na gargajiya hadisin, ya nẽmi abin da ke maida duk da daidai. Saboda haka, ya, a matsayin shugaba, ya canja a cikin wasan opera ƙungiyar makaɗa kida oda jeri. Yanzu suna harhada bisa ga irin kayan aiki. Wannan mawaki na orchestral tsammani da manufa na masauki, wanda zai zama mashahuri a cikin 19th da 20th ƙarni.

Su m canje-canje goma sha takwas Weber ya kare da duk ardor na matasa, duk da juriya na kida da mawaƙa da suke so su tsare hadisi, tarihi a Jamus sinimomi.

Babban samfurin wannan lokaci

A cikin shekaru 1807-1810 fara a m zargi da wallafe-wallafen aiki na Carl Maria von Weber. Ya fara rubuta reviews da articles game da kwaikwaiyo da kuma m ayyukansu, zai fara da labari mai taken "Life mawaki" wa rubuce-rubucen abstracts da kansa ya rubuta.

Works rubuta a lokacin da mawaki na farko da m lokaci, ba mu damar ganin yadda sannu a hankali haske nan gaba bayyananne halaye na mai balaga da tsanani style of marubucin. A wannan lokaci, da most darajar cikin sharuddan art saya m ban mamaki ayyukan Weber, daga cikinsu:

• Singspiel "Abu Hassan".
• "Silvana" wasar kwaikwayo ta waka.
• Biyu kade-kade da kuma biyu cantatas mara take.

Har ila yau a wannan lokaci akwai mai yawa overtures, songs, arias, ƙananan waƙoƙi, da dai sauransu

Dresden lokaci

A farkon 1817 Carl Maria von Weber ya shugaba na Dresden "Deutsche Oper". A wannan shekara ya aure Kerolayn Willy Brandt, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka singer.

Daga wannan lokacin, mafi muhimmanci kuma na karshe lokacin da mawaki, wanda ya sauke karatu a 1826, ya rasu. A wannan lokaci wani sosai tsanani halin daukan shugaba da kuma kungiya aiki Weber. A lokaci guda ya yi stolknutsya matsaloli kamar yadda shugaba da kuma shugaban. Innovation Karla Marii rayayye tsayayya Theatrical hadisin mamaye kusan rabin karni, kazalika F. Morlakki, shugaba na Italian opera kamfanin a Dresden. Duk da wannan duka, Weber ya iya tara wani sabon Jamus opera gawar. Bugu da ƙari, ya ya iya sa wasu m wasanni, ko da kuwa inadequately horar da ma'aikata.

Amma kada ka yi zaton Weber mawaki ya hanya zuwa Weber-Kapellmeister. Da ya gudanar ya hada biyu daga cikin wadannan matsayin da brilliantly jimre su. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin ta zo a cikin duniya mafi kyau halittun da master, har da shahararrun wasar kwaikwayo ta waka.

"Der Freischütz"

A labarin da aka fada a wannan wasar kwaikwayo ta waka, Dates baya ga mutãne labaru game da yadda mutum sayar da ransa ga shaidan domin sihiri ƙura cewa taimake shi ya lashe gasar shooters. A kan sakamakon, ya aure to da kyakkyawa lady, wanda ya cikin soyayya tare da gwarzo. A karo na farko a cikin wasan opera da shi na bayyana karara cewa wani abu ne kusa da saba wa zuciya na Jamus. Weber wanda aka nuna cikin sauki kauyen rayuwa tare da m naivety kuma m mutumci. Sihirtacce gandun daji da kuma boye a karkashin wani m murmushi otherworldly tsoro da kuma heroes daga kauye 'yan mata da kuma gaisuwa dayansu, kawo karshen m sarakuna, da adalci.

Wannan m labarin garwaya da ban mamaki music, kuma duk wannan ya zama wani madubi na kowane Jamus. A wannan aikin Weber ba kawai warware wata Jamus wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da Italiyanci da kuma Faransa tasiri, amma ya iya sa da tushe daga cikin manyan operatic nau'i na 19 karni.

A farko ya faru a ranar 18 Yuni 1821 kuma yana da m nasara tare da masu sauraro, da kuma Weber ya zama real kasa gwarzo.

Daga baya, cikin wasan opera da aka gane a matsayin mafi girma halittar kasa Jamus romantic wasan kwaikwayo. Mawaki, dangane da Genre singspiel, yi amfani da fadi da m siffofin da cewa za saturate da aikin da kuma m wasan kwaikwayo. A babban wuri don kai da opera daki-daki m hotuna na haruffa da kuma al'amuran yau da kullum rayuwa, da suka shafi Jamus jama'a songs. Sosai a fili shi da aka bayyana m shimfidar wurare da dama aukuwa saboda da richness na ƙungiyar makaɗa halitta da Weber.

A tsarin da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma ta m siffofin

"Der Freischütz" ta fara da overture, wanda aka mamaye gudãna launin waƙa ƙahoni. Kafin kallo ne kõma m romantic hoto na daji, ji da wakoki na zamanin d farauta tãtsũniyõyin. Babban ɓangare na overture bayyana magance hamayya da juna. Ƙare shigarwa rantsuwarsu majestic coda.

A mataki na farko yi faruwa a baya na taro gaisuwa al'amuran. Mun gani a hoto na baƙauye holidays, daidai sake godiya ga gabatarwar choral, kaden motifs. Melody sauti kamar yadda idan da gaske taka kauyen kida da rustic sauki Waltz ne halin da sauki da kuma naivete.

Tare da hutu a kaifi bambanci aria gamekeeper Max, wanda yake cike da tashin hankali da kuma rikice. Kuma a karo na biyu tebur songs jaegers Caspar sosai ji m launi inducing wani m mataki.

Na biyu yi ne zuwa kashi biyu hotuna, contrasting tare da juna. A kashi na farko da muka ji na farko m Arietta Angel, wanda ake amfani da shading na tsarki da kuma zurfin jin ta aboki na Agatha. A hoto ne cike da alternating song karin waƙa da ma'ana recitatives, wanda taimake su su fahimci yarinya ta motsin zuciyarmu. A karshe kashi da aka cika da farin ciki, haske da kwanyarsa.

Duk da haka, a karo na biyu hoto yana farawa ƙara da ban mamaki tashin hankali. Kuma babban rawa da aka bai wa ƙungiyar makaɗa. Chords sauti sabon abu, maras ban sha'awa da kuma ciki, kawo tsõro, kuma jam'iyyar da yake a ɓõye daga masu sauraro ƙungiyar mawaƙa kara habaka da asiri. Weber nasara stunningly m m image na sha musantawa mugunta da kuma demonic sojojin.

Aiki na uku kuma zuwa kashi biyu hotuna. Da farko immerses da viewer a kwantar da hankula da kuma idyllic yanayi. Jam'iyyar Agatha riddled da poetic melancholy haske, kuma girlfriends mawaka da aka fentin a taushi sautunan, inda gabar kasa da muradi.

Na biyu motsi yana buɗewa da ƙungiyar mawaƙa daga dayansu, tare da sauti na farauta ƙahoni. A wannan ƙungiyar mawaƙa za a iya ji Jamus jama'a sautuka, wanda daga baya tsiwirwirinsu worldwide shahararsa.

Ƙare da opera fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa gungu scene tare da ƙungiyar mawaƙa, tare da m launin waƙa, a leitmotif gudãna a cikin dukan aikin.

Halittar "Oberon" da kuma kwanaki na ƙarshe na rayuwa

Fairytale wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Oberon" da aka rubuta a 1926, shi ya kammala jerin kyau operatic ayyukan mawaki. Weber rubuta shi domin samar da iyalinsa. A mawaki san cewa nan da sannu za su mutu, kuma ba wanda zai zama mafi kula da masõyansa.

"Oberon" a cikin siffar da aka mabanbanta daga cikin saba style of Weber. Ga wani mawaki wanda ya ko da yaushe bayar da shawarar da hadakar da wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da Theatrical art, da ayyukan da tsarin da aka unwieldy. Duk da haka, domin wannan musamman opera Weber ya iya ya halicci mafi dadi music. By karshen rubutu "Oberon," da mawaki ta kiwon lafiya ya rincabewa da ya iya wuya tafiya, duk da haka Carl Maria bai miss farko. Opera an gane sake ta sukar da kuma masu sauraro yaba Weber ta iyawa.

Abin baƙin ciki, live mawaki bai zauna dogon. A 'yan kwanaki bayan da farko ya aka samu matattu. Haka ya faru a ranar 5 ga watan Yuni, 1826 a London. Cewa wannan rana, Weber da aka je koma gida zuwa Jamus.

A Dresden a 1861 ya da wani abin tunawa ga Weber.

Da farko Matasa Opera

"Silent Forest Girl", da farko manyan aikin da mawaki, ya cancanci musamman ambatonku. A farko da ya faru a 1800 a Freiburg. Duk da matasa da kuma inexperience marubucin, shi ne wata nasara da kuma ya sami fitarwa. Za mu iya cewa wannan staging wannan aiki shi ne farkon da mawaki ta aiki, Weber.

Kamar yadda na kwaikwayo, shi ba a manta na dogon lokaci da kuma ya tafi a kan bayyana a Theatrical shirye-shirye a Prague, Vienna, St. Petersburg da kuma sauran birane a duniya.

sauran ayyukan

Weber bar wani arziki m al'adunmu, da jerin shi ne cikakken shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba. Amma bari mu lura da mafi muhimmanci daga cikin ayyukansa:

• 9 operas, ciki har da "Three Pinto", "Ryubetsal", "Silvana", "Euryanthe".
• A m bi da zuwa bakwai ban mamaki kwaikwaiyo.
• Choral vocal solo da ayyukan hada 5 talakawa, mafi girma daga 90 songs kan 30 was cantatas 9, game da 10 jiyya jama'a songs.
• Piano ayyukansu: Sonata 4, 5 kwaikwaiyo, 40 duets da kuma raye-raye da, 8 hawan keke na bambancin.
• Game 16 kide na piano, clarinet, Kakakin kuma bassoon.
• 10 ayyukansu ƙungiyar makaɗa da kuma 12 ga jam'iyya gungu.

ban sha'awa facts

Weber mawaki ya quite wani matsanancin hali tare da kansa halaye, amfani ko rashin amfani.

Alal misali, ya ƙi wani ta daraja. Musamman m, na kasance a Rossini. Weber kullum gaya abokai cewa music of Rossini ta banza, shi ne kawai da yanayin da za a manta da a cikin 'yan shekaru.

Ban tausayi hadari suka kai ga cewa Weber ya rasa kyau murya. Da zarar a Breslau mawaki jira abincin dare juna, da kuma ba su vata lokaci, sai ya zauna aiki. Weber da sauri da kuma yanke shawarar dumama sanyi SIP na ruwan inabi. Amma saboda magariba ya mistook wani gilashi da wani abin sha daga daya a cikin abin da mahaifinsa ya sulfuric acid. A mawaki ya dauki wani SIP da kuma fadi m. Lokacin da abokinsa zo, sa'an nan ya buga wani daya buɗe, amma windows ya haske. Ya yi kira ga taimako, gudanar da bude kofa, da kuma Weber da sauri dauke su zuwa asibiti. Doctors ajiye rai na mawaki, amma bakin, makogwaro da vocal igiyoyinsu da aka haka ya ƙone cewa sauran rayuwarsa an tilasta wa yin magana ne kawai a rada.

Weber ya sosai m dabbobi. A gidansa da muka rayu a kare, a cat, iri-iri daban-daban da tsuntsaye da ko da wani biri Capuchin. A mafi ƙaunar Indian mawaki hankãka, yanã iya ce. "Good da yamma"

Weber bambanta egocentrism. Shi ne don haka m da kansa, ko da ya rubuta karkashin pseudonym da laudatory articles game da kansa, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci aka buga a jaridu. Amma wannan bai hana. A mawaki da kansa ne don haka m na, cewa uku daga cikin hudu yara kira su sunayen: Maria Carolina, Carl Maria, Karolina Mariya.

Ba tare da wani shakka ba, Weber wani sosai talented mawaki kuma mawaki wanda Ya sanya wani invaluable taimako ga ci gaban Jamus art. Na'am, wannan mutum ba, ba tare da flaws, da kuma daban-daban girman kai, amma a kowace baiwa na quirks.