Byzantine style gine a Rasha

Tarihi da kuma al'adu muhimmancin Rum ba za a iya overestimated. A Rasha Byzantine al'adunmu za a iya samu duka a cikin ruhaniya da kuma kayan fannoni na rayuwa. The hulda da al'adu tsira da dama, saukarwa, kuma ko da a cikin zamani da al'adu da kuma gine-gine da alamun wannan tasiri. A duniya sharuddan, Rasha al'ada shi ne babban gaje kuma continuer na hadisai da kuma ruhaniya canons na Byzantine Empire.

Asalin da Byzantine style

A auka daga cikin Roman Empire a 395 AD ya kai ga zargin wani sabon Empire, daga baya ya kira Rum. An dauke zama magaji na tsofaffin al'adun, da al'adu, da kuma hikima. Byzantine style taso a sakamakon taro na data kasance gine-gine da dabaru. The gine-ginen da sabon jihar nan da nan saita kansu da aiki doke Roman nasarori. Saboda haka, da sauƙi tunawa duk mafi kyaun abin da aka ƙirƙira da Romawa da al'ummai, haifar da sabon Masterpieces, kai da kalubale daga cikin sau da samun sabon kayayyaki da kuma shiryawa mafita.

Samuwar Byzantine al'ada ya faru ba kawai a kan haifuwa da kuma kyautata na zamanin d Greco-Roman kwarewa, amma kuma saboda da karfi na Gabas tasiri, wanda aka nuna a cikin bege ga alatu, sikelin, ƙawa.

Saboda gaskiya cewa a Konstantinoful, settles gabashin reshe na Kristanci, kasar za bukatar sabon majami'u. Ga sabon akidar ma bukatar da kansa kewaye. Wadannan matsaloli suna warware ta mafi kyau artists na duniya, wanda garken Konstantinoful da kuma haifar da musamman ayyuka, wanda aka zama sabon addini, al'adu, jama'a da kuma gine-gine da Canon.

Features na Byzantine style

The gine-ginen na Konstantinoful da su warware da dama muhimmanci tsarin matsaloli, wanda yafi bayyana a cikin coci gine. Cathedral na Orthodox Church ya yi m ra'ayi a kan viewer tare da sikelin kuma ƙawa, cikin Haikali ya hade da Mulkin Allah da kuma, sabili da haka, da gine-ginen da ake bukata sabon hanyar magana, da search for abin da suka kasance tsunduma. Ga wani Dalili na wani Byzantine coci shirin ne ba Greek babban coci da aka dauka, da kuma Roman Basilica. A ganuwar da aka gina da tubali yadudduka da manyan bonding bayani. Wannan ya haifar da samuwar daga cikin fitattun siffofin na Byzantine gine-gine - ta tubali ko dutse gine-gine na duhu da haske launuka. Around da facade sau da yawa housed gidan kashe ahu ginshikan tare da kwandon-manya.

The Byzantine style ake dangantawa da irin giciye-domed babban coci. The m gudanar ya gano sauki bayani da fili na zagaye Dome da square tushe, don haka akwai "ze tashi", abin da ya halitta a ji na jitu wholeness. Quntata da taga da wani taso saman, sanya a kan biyu ko uku na gaba - shi ne ma wani muhimmin alama na Byzantine gine-gine.

External aiki gine-gine ya kasance kullum mafi suna fadin fiye da ciki - wannan shi ne wani alama na Byzantine gine-gine. Ka'idojin ciki zane kasance tsaftacewa, richness da kuma ladabi, suna amfani da tsada sosai, m kayan cewa ya yi karfi ra'ayi a kan mutanen da.

Byzantine tasiri a kan na da gine-gine

A tsakiyar zamanai rinjayar Rum watsu duk kasashen Turai, shi ne siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma ruhaniya. The Byzantine style of gine na tsakiyar zamanai juya a kira su da wani iko hanya for updates. Italiya ƙara gane Byzantine gine sababbin abubuwa: wani sabon nau'in coci da kuma mosaic dabaru. Saboda haka, na da majami'u na Ravenna, a tsibirin Torcello, Palermo zama da ãyõyin Byzantine tasiri.

Daga baya, da Trend yada zuwa wasu kasashen. Saboda haka, babban coci a Aachen a Jamus misali ne na Byzantine tasiri a cikin hasken da Italian Masters. Duk da haka, ya fi iko da tasiri na Rum da a} asashen da soma Orthodoxy: Bulgaria, Serbia, Armenia da kuma Ancient Rasha. A nan akwai real al'adu tattaunawa da musayar, wanda results a cikin wani gagarumin zamanintar da data kasance gine-gine da hadisai.

Byzantine tasiri a kan gine-gine na zamanin d Rasha

Kowa ya san da labarin game da yadda za a Rasha tawaga zuwa ziyarci Roma da Konstantinoful a search na dace addini da aka gigice da kyau na Hagia Sophia, da kuma cewa ya yanke shawarar da sakamako na harka. Tun wannan lokacin da iko jũyarwa hadisai, texts, ayyukan hajji a Rasha ƙasar. An muhimmanci al'amari a cikin wannan tsari ne coci gine-gine, wanda rayayye fara samar a wani sabon tsari. Byzantine style a cikin gine na Ibada bayyana saboda gaskiyar cewa dukan tawagar Masters zo Ancient Rasha gina Cathedrals, canja wuri da basira da kuma gina wani sabon image na kasar. Kuma mai yawa na gine-ginen ziyarci Konstantinoful, da koyo da dabaru da kuma dabaru na gini.

Rasha Masters daga 10th karni, ba kawai ya dauko Byzantine al'ada, amma kuma wadãtar da su, gaba da mafita da kuma dole sassa na gida coci. Traditional giciye-domed Byzantine haikali Rus yakan mallaki ƙarin nave da galleries domin mafi girma iya aiki. Don ƙirƙirar sabon salon gine-gine ya bayyana alaka craft yankunan: masana'antu na tubalin Fitar karrarawa, gumaka - duk da wannan yana da wani Byzantine Tushen, amma sarrafa ta Rasha sana'a a cikin ruhu na kasa art. A Firayim misali na irin wannan aiki shi ne Cathedral hikima Allah a Kiev, inda a Byzantine nave siffar zama mafi da biyar-sojan ruwa ginawa up galleries da shugabannin kasashe biyar 12 suna supplemented da wani kananan domes.

Byzantine haikali model

The Byzantine style of gine, musamman cewa muna tunani, ta dogara ne a kan m layout na cikin Haikali. Its halaye da aka haife daga zalla utilitarian bukatun: kara haikali sarari, wani sauki dangane da Dome da kuma tushe, isa haske. Duk wannan ya haddasa abin da ya kafa musamman irin shiri, wanda baya ya canja dukan haikali gine a duniya. Traditional Byzantine Haikali yana da wani square ko rectangular tushe giciye-Dome tsarin. Domin tsakiyar ɓangare na apse da m gallery. A karuwa a girma ya jagoranci zuwa fitowan a ƙarin goyan bayan a cikin nau'i na ginshikan, suka rabu cikin uku naves babban coci. Mafi sau da yawa, a classic Haikali yana daya kai, da yawa kasa 5 Windows tare da archways hada 2-3 a karkashin wani na kowa baka.

Features a Rasha Byzantine style coci gine

A farko gine-gine na sabon Ibada na Church sun kasance a cikin Rasha hadisin, Helenawa ba ya shafar su, tun da haikalin sun gina bulo da dutse. Saboda haka, na farko bidi'a - mai yawa-gangarawa, wanda ake rayayye aiwatar a gine-gine da mafita. Na farko da dutse coci a Rasha bayyana a karshen 9th karni kuma yana da giciye-domed tsarin. Don wannan rana Haikali bai tsira, sai su yi magana ta bayani dalla-dalla zai yiwu. Domin majami'u a Rasha yana da matukar muhimmanci adadin, don haka ko da na farko gine-ginen da aka tilasta magance matsalar na kara ciki sarari na Haikalin, wajen gina tarawa ƙarin aisles kuma galleries.

Yau da Byzantine style a Rasha, photos na gine-gine da za a iya gani a da yawa guidebooks, aka wakilta dama manyan yankuna. An gina a Kiev, Chernigov, Novgorod yankin, Pechora, Vladimir, Pskov. Akwai da yawa haikalin da cewa suna da bayyane Byzantine fasali, amma raba gine-gine da musamman gine-gine da mafita. Mafi shahara sun hada da Saint Sophia Cathedral a Novgorod Transfiguration Cathedral a Chernigov, Nereditsa Church, Triniti Church a Pechersk sufi.

Byzantine style a Turai gine

Jihar Rum wanzu for fiye da 10 ƙarni, ba zai iya kasa su bar ta alama a cikin tarihin duniya. A cikin gine na Turai da kuma a yau za mu iya ganin bayyane fasali na Byzantine al'adunmu. Mafi arziki a aro da kuma ci gaba a lokacin tsakiyar zamanai, a lokacin da gine-ginen da ake al'amurra m ideas na abokan aiki da kuma gina haikalin, misali, a Italiya, wanda ya fi receptive zuwa Byzantine tasiri. A iko da tasiri na Venetian Jamhuriyar ya artists wanda ya zo daga Rum, da kuma yawan adadin kayayyakin gargajiya, ya kawo a nan bayan da kama na Konstantinoful. Ko da babban coci na San Marco a Venice hada yawa Byzantine motifs da kuma batutuwa.

Babu kasa muhimmanci irin rawa da Byzantine gine da Renaissance. A hukuncin cibiyar-domed irin shiri, wanda ya zo daga wannan ƙasa, na'am mai tartsatsi ne. Features na Byzantine majami'u za a iya samu ba kawai a cikin addini gine-gine, amma kuma a cikin wadanda mutane gine-gine. Gine-ginen daga Brunelleschi zuwa Bramante da Andrea Palladio. Mutum zai iya gani da abubuwa da kuma sanyata mafita Rumawa a irin wannan shahara gine-gine a matsayin St. Bitrus Basilica a Roma, St. Paul ta a London, da pantheon a Paris.

Byzantine style a Turai gine kamar yadda irin wannan bai yi aiki ba daga, idan ba su la'akari da kasar Orthodox, amma abubuwa da gine na tsarin ne har yanzu a bayyane, suna reinterpreted da kuma sabunta hanyoyin, amma shi ne tushe a kan abin da Turai gine tsiro. Rum ya zama wani wuri na adana tsofaffin al'adun, wanda aka sa'an nan ya koma zuwa Turai da kuma fara da za a gane ta ta yadda su tarihi asalinsu.

Formation na Rasha-Byzantine style

Byzantine style a Rasha gine da aka kafa a sakamakon ƙarni na sake tunani da refining da ra'ayoyi da gine-ginen daga Konstantinoful. Kafa style tare da wanda riga daidai rayu tare gabashin da kuma Rasha ideas a tsakiyar karni na 19th. Yana nan zai fara flowering na gine-gine, a cikin abin da nasarorin da Byzantine gine-ginen ir} iro reworked, kumbura kuma amfani a sabon hanyoyi. Saboda haka, Rasha Byzantine style a cikin karni na 19th - shi ne ba kwafan da nasarorin da Konstantinoful, da kuma halittar "dangane" da gine-gine, tare da manyan hada da ainihin Rasha ideas.

Periodization na Rasha Byzantine style a gine

Abin da ake a ka'idar gine da shi a matsayin "Byzantine style", kafa a tsakiyar karni na 19th. Its ideologists da propagandists shi ne m KA Ton. Harbingers na style bayyana a cikin 20s na karni na 19th, su ne bayyane a cikin gine-gine kamar na Church of zakar a Kiev, Aleksandra Nevskogo coci a Potsdam.

Amma da farko lokacin da samuwar style dama a kan 40th da 50th shekaru, shi ne musamman m, a gine-gine AV Gornostaeva kuma D. Grimm. Biyu lokaci - da 60s, a lokacin da ruhun eclecticism ne rinjaye Tsarin amince Mix Byzantine da kuma Rasha fasali. A wannan lokacin, style ne musamman a bayyane a cikin gine-gine G. G. Gagarina, VA Kosyakova kuma EA Borisova.

70-90 shekaru - lokacin haduwar style, gine-ginen ayan mafi ado, yin raznostilevyh bayani a yi. A nuna na 19th kuma 20th karni da kuma farkon 20th-karni Byzantine style a Rasha fara a iya fassara mafi kyauta, zuwa tare a wani ruhu of Art Nouveau tare da wasu styles. A cikin shekaru 90 na karni na 20th bayyana na karya-Byzantine style, wanda za a iya gani daga baya accretions, amma gane kakanninmu halaye.

Tafakkuri na Byzantine style a cikin ciki

Konstantinoful style ne musamman suna bayyana a cikin zane na ciki ado na gine-gine. Domin ciki a Byzantine style ne halin da mai arziki ado, da yin amfani da tsada kayan: zinariya, da tagulla, da na azurfa, da duwatsu masu daraja, masu daraja itace. Bright ãyã daga ciki a wannan salon ne mosaics a kan garun, da a kan bene.

Tafakkuri na Byzantine style a Rasha gine na karni na 19th

The haske lokaci a gine-gine, dangane da hadisai na Konstantinoful, shi ne a tsakiyar karni na 19th. A wannan lokaci da Byzantine style gine na St. Petersburg zama da ubangijinsa. A sarari misali na gine-gine a cikin wannan salon ne Church of jin ƙai Uwar Allah a cikin Galley Harbor (Kosyakova da Prussians), Greek coci Dmitriya Solunskogo (R. I. Kuzmina), Trading House Stoll da Schmidt (W. Schroeter). A Moscow, shi ne, ba shakka, gina Ton: Kristi Mai-Ceto Cathedral, Grand Kremlin Palace.

Byzantine motifs a cikin gine na karni na 20th

A post-Soviet lokaci, tare da maido da orthodoxy ya kai ga gaskiya cewa Byzantine style a cikin gine na Rasha sake zama dacewa. Akwai aka gina a Rasha Byzantine style a da yawa Rasha birane. A karin misalin mai Church a Blood a Karimci, ya tsarkaka daga All Saints Wa haskaka Forth a Rasha Land in Yekaterinburg da Carlo Ifraimu.

A nuna na 20-21 ƙarni kafa da ake kira "na biyu Rasha-Byzantine style," wanda ya bayyana a cikin sabon coci gine-gine. Ya za a iya dangana Cathedrals kamar Panteleimon coci a Izhevsk, Church of Nativity a Omsk, Church of Nativity a Moscow da yawa gine-gine a ko'ina cikin kasar. Wannan ya nuna cewa da ra'ayin Rum tsinkãyi zurfi a cikin Rasha da al'adu da kuma a yau ne rabuwa daga shi.

Zamani gine-gine a cikin Byzantine style

Modern gine-ginen, musamman a cikin coci gine-gine, da kuma sake komawa ga hadisai na Konstantinoful a matsayin tushen gargajiya mafita. Suka lalle reinvented za a warware shan la'akari da sabuwar fasahar, amma ruhun Rum suka ji. Yana da hadari a ce a yau ne rai Byzantine style gine a Rasha. Misalin wannan za a iya samu a birane da yawa na kasar: Church of Mai Tsarki mur-qazanta Mata a St. Petersburg, St. Nicholas Church a Nadym, Serafim Church a Moore da sauransu.