Botanical Garden RAS: Ina da shi ne? photo

Botanical lambu na kasar - Rasha Academy of Sciences N. V. Tsitsina dauke da most a kasar mu da kuma a Turai. Last rani, ya yi bikin 70th ranar haihuwa.

labarin

A tarihi da na Botanical lambu hadaddun da kuma arziki. Halitta kamar yadda rubũtacce a cikin takardun - 1945. Wannan shekara, a kan ƙasashen da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences a cikin ƙasa na Ostankino Park, an yanke shawarar shirya wani sabon Botanical lambu.

Shekaru 400 a kan ƙasa na "Ostankino" kadarori sun impenetrable gandun daji, a cikinsa akwai aka watsar da kauyuka. Wadannan wuraren da aka nufi ga farauta muz kuma Bears sarauta huntsmen. Tun 1558, a wannan ƙasa da cewa an koka Satinu Alekseyu Ivanom Groznym, canza yawa masu.

Tun 1743 "Ostankino" ke a cikin hannun Sheremetievs ta hanyar aure na Bitrus Borisovich Princess Varvara Cherkassy. Bayan duk, nan gaba matar samu a sadaki da yawa daga ƙasar, har da homestead. Bayan wani lokaci, da kariya na wannan musamman wuri kula da aikinsu dan Nikolai Sheremetev. Yana gabatar da wani ban a kan dabbõbin, cikinsu yake saran itatuwa, farauta, daukana berries da namomin kaza, da kuma bukatar iko ba don fara a cikin kurmi "gulyalschikov".

A ƙarshen XIX karni aka alama ta deforestation, uncontrolled shanu dabbõbin, uncontrolled halakar dabbobin daji da tsuntsaye.

Bayan da juyin juya halin, dokokin da aka wuce banning da felling na 'yan qasar gandun daji shakatawa plantings, wanda tsananin yi ko da a wani wuya lokaci na yaki, da kuma wannan ceto da Estate "Ostankino".

lambu Tsire-tsire

Botanical Garden RAS, musamman ta tsakiya part, - musamman zurfin gandun daji ƙasar yankin. Free damar zuwa kurmi akwai, ta itatuwan oak a kan talakawan game 160 shekaru, ko da yake akwai na musamman samfurori, wanda har zuwa shekaru 300. Akwai Birch, Maple, spruce kuma Aspen, dutsen ash, da sauran itatuwa Kroon rufe fuska da babbar bushes :. Hazel, buckthorn, honeysuckle, dogara sanda itace. Ƙõramu grassy kafet na m anemones, lungwort, m Lily, sedge m, Chickweed, da sauransu. Suna girma ne kawai a itacen oak Ashtarot, wanda aka gane ta da misali tsakiyar Rasha m-Leaved gandun daji.

All collections da kuma lambu fiddawa da na halitta da kuma aesthetically dace don girma a nan itatuwan oak, da birches.

Yau, da Botanical Garden Tsitsin RAS - a 331 kadada musamman tarin kudi. Wannan shi ne fiye da 18 000 iri da kuma irin shuke-shuke daga sassa daban daban na duniya tamu. A shekarar 1991, a wani festive yanayi na babban Rasha Botanical lambu mai suna bayan da babban Academician kuma sanannen botanist makiyayin da jini Nikolaya Vasilevicha Tsitsina, wanda ya jagoranci su zuwa fiye da shekaru 35, tun daga ranar farko na ta da tushe.

yankin division

Idan ka ƙirƙiri babban aiki ya zuwa lambu tsari na cikin gida da kuma waje farfado, wanda zai iya kamar yadda zai yiwu auku wannan ko cewa halitta yankin. Alal misali, a nuna da Tarayyar Soviet Flora aka sanya sashen:

- Turai ɓangare na kungiyar tarayyar.

- Arewa Caucasus.

- Siberia yankin.

- Central Asia.

- Far East.

A kowane daga cikin wadannan sassan da aka halitta yanayi na musamman kusa da gaskiya. Kamar: musamman kwanciya yashi, duwatsu, tafkunan ko kõguna aka halicce su kara da zafi, ko sahu na musamman zamewar. Duk da shuke-shuke da aka dasa a cikin haduwa da faruwa a cikin real yanayi.

Botanical Garden na Rasha Academy of Sciences ga gwaji na sabon shuka iri ya zama wani wuri na halittar gabatarwar gandun daji.

Exposure, data kasance a yau, samu wasu sunayen. Su ba shuka farfado da Far East, Siberia, Central Asia, Caucasus da kuma Gabashin Turai.

A babbar yanki a yau, za ka iya ganin tundra shuke-shuke, coniferous-deciduous, coniferous, coniferous gandun daji, Hamada, matakan da kuma natsuwa.

Daukana lambu collections bukatar m kau na shuke-shuke daga yanayi. Don wannan karshen, tun shekarar 1946, expeditions aka aiko zuwa daban-daban na halitta yankunan da Tarayyar Soviet. Musamman da hankali da aka biya rare ko farauta.

Floristic bambancin da lambu ne kullum canja. Musamman bambanta, shi ne a shekarar 1990. Yau, cikin lambu ne a wurin RAS 'yan ƙasa da kuma baƙi daga birnin.

Guests na birnin, da ziyartar daban-daban jan hankali na babban birnin kasar, a tabbatar zo kuma a cikin Botanical Garden na RAS. Moscow, wakiltar babban lambu na kasar, yayi ganin daban-daban shuka daukan hotuna.

Exposure Flora na Gabashin Turai da Asiya ta tsakiya, da ciyayi

Kusan 6 kadada na wani lãbãri Flora na Gabashin Turai. Yana fiye da 300 iri da kuma jinsunan shuke-shuke: game da 20 jinsunan woody amfanin gona, kamar 30 jinsunan Bishiyoyi da sama da 200 jinsunan herbaceous shuke-shuke, mafi yawan abin da ya zo daga Carpathians.

Main Botanical Garden na Rasha Academy of Sciences ne mafi Tsitsin daukan hotuna Central Asia ciyayi. Yana da aka kafa jim kadan kafin yakin a kan Sparrow Hills a Moscow Botanical Garden da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences. Bayan yaki da shi a hankali ya koma zuwa ga sashe na Flora (located in "Ostankino"). Amma shi ya zama m ga baƙi ne kawai a 1953. A nan mun sake ƙirƙirarsu halitta Botanical kuma Gwargwadon yanayi. Kuri'a na dutse da kuma hamada ƙasa halitta daga manyan lãka. A wannan sashi buga coniferous da deciduous gandun daji, fadamun mai tsayi kuma subalpine, grasslands da kogwannin duwatsu, da yawa jinsunan miyagun shuke-shuke. La'akari da wani babban ɓangare na nuni iya zama saman wucin gadi nunin faifai.

Exposure na shuke-shuke na Caucasus, Siberia da kuma Far East

An yanki na kusan 2.5 kadada na shuke-shuke nuni daukan Caucasus. Shi ne fiye da 300 jinsunan woody shuke-shuke, ciki har da 23 rare da kuma namun dajin. Suna located a kan wani wucin gadi dutsen ƙasa da gandun daji a fili.

Fiye da 200 jinsunan shuke-shuke da aka tattara a cikin daukan hotuna ciyayi a Siberia. Na farfado gabatar a nan fiye da 50 jinsin dauke miyagun ko rare.

Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa collections - nuni Flora na Far East. Kusan 400 jinsunan wannan sashi suna located in wani yanki na 8.5 kadada.

Thematic yankunan GBS (Main Botanical Garden)

Botanical Garden na Rasha Academy of Sciences a 1950, ya kammala halittar lãbãri daga amfani daji shuke-shuke. All perennial ciyawa shuka ridges, a cikin unguwa, dauka daga yanayi. Akwai da dama irin wannan daukan hotuna na Bishiyoyi. Shirya, zanawa da kuma dasa tsire-tsire was yi sama da su rarrabuwa a cikin filin na aikace-aikace dogara ne.

A kashi na farko - shi ne da muhimmanci man, magani da kuma insecticidal shuke-shuke. Bã su da wani sakamako a kan daban-daban ayyuka a cikin mutum ko dabba, kuma mallaki mai guba Properties.

A kashi na biyu - da shuka fasaha mayar da hankali. Wannan fiber, rini, kuma tanning. Irin shuke-shuke da, da kuma yanzu yi amfani a cikin masana'antar.

Sulusin - fodder da zuma. Shuke-shuke da cewa suna forage ga dabbobin gida (hay, silage, makiyaya).

Da rubu'in - abinci shuka iri. Suna tsara don tallafawa adam kwayoyin. Wannan bitamin, dandano, yaji, shayi, kuma nastoechnye.

arboretum

Botanical Garden N. V. Tsitsina RAS kubutar game da 1700 itãciya, kuma shrub jinsunan. Su suna tattara a cikin ƙasa na arboretum (a kan 75 kadada). Botanical Garden na Rasha Academy of Sciences aka gina bisa ga irin wuri mai faɗi da shakatawa, wato, shuke-shuke suna systematized. Wannan yankin ne musamman kyau a farkon spring to kaka leaf fall. Amma hunturu ne ba kasa ban sha'awa yawo a cikin dusar ƙanƙara-bugawa conifers mafaka beauties.

"Heather da Japan Garden"

A arboretum yana da wani musamman nuni - "Heather lambu". Yana da aka kawo daga Jamus musamman iri Eric kuma kusan 20 irin Heather. An located kusa da dakin gwaje-gwaje da ginin da kuma kewaye da conifers, barberry, spirea da rhododendrons.

Babu kasa m da kuma musamman lãbãri daga GBS - "Japanese Aljanna". Mun halitta shi tare da taimakon da Japan Ofishin Jakadancin a cikin babban birnin kasar. A cikin tsibiran aka kawo rare jinsunan ceri, ornamental itace nau'in a cikin yankin da kuma ganye. Su da kyau shirya a kusa da wucin gadi tafkunan da wani jam'i na gadoji, pagoda, da na dutse qagaggun.

Very m tarin wardi game da daukan 2.5 kadada.

Dauke m kofe na greenhouse. Suna shigo daga Brazil, Vietnam, Kyuba, Madagascar da kuma sauran kasashen da Equatorial zone. Fiye da dari jinsunan su shiga a cikin kasa da kasa Red Littãfi.

A musamman ɗakin kare a cikin Botanical Garden na Moscow

Bugu da kari ga babban bincike aiki, GBS ma'aikata tsunduma a kiwo, kiwo da kuma sayar da tsaba da kuma seedlings na san da kuma sabon nau'in na shuke-shuke. Ɗakin kare yayi sayarwa na dasa kayan deciduous itatuwa, inabõbi, shrubs, perennial ciyawa, clematis da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa. Popular shuke-shuke a cikin Botanical Garden na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Prices ne sosai low, da kuma ingancin dasa kayan ne sosai high. seedlings tsunduma a aiwatar da biyu kantuna. Daya (main) ne a kan titi. Botanical, 31, daura da babban ƙofar GBS.

Special raka'a na RAS

Botanical Garden BIN RAS. Komarova V. L., located in St. Petersburg, a tsibirin Apothecary. Yana da wani rabo na Rasha Academy of Sciences. Its tarihi fara a cikin XVIII karni da apothecary lambu. Yana da aka kafa ta Peter I. farko, ba shakka, ya kamata su da shi zuwa ga girma magani shuke-shuke.

By tsakiyar XIX Apothecary Aljanna a babban disrepair, don taimakon kudi a duk aka ba. Alexander I ya ba da umurnin V. P. Kochubeyu, wanda ya gabatar da wani shirin da maimaitawa na lambu. Yanzu ya zama babban mayar da hankali da bincike ayyuka. Kasafi na Apothecary Aljanna kusan ninki biyu. Ko fara shirya kimiyya expeditions. Lambu rayayye ci gaba har sai da farkon na XX karni.

A dangane da bikin na bicentenary na Botanical Garden a 1913, ya kuma bashi sunan Petra Velikogo. Bayan da juyin juya halin, ya zama babban Botanical lambu na Rasha Soviet Republic. A lokaci guda ya na sarki muhallinsu da kuma masu zaman kansu greenhouses da aka canjawa wuri.

A 1930 da lambu reassign da Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences. A shekara, shi garwaya da Botanical Museum. A sakamakon da Botanical Cibiyar da aka kafa. A lokacin da kawancen, duk da kokarin da ma'aikata, cikin lambu da aka mugun lalace. Saboda haka, m gyara aikin da aka za'ayi a cikin post-yaki lokaci. Yanzu wannan ne mai babbar lambu-arboretum. Shi ne sosai m na St. Petersburg mazauna da kuma baƙi ba su daidaita.

Wani abu na musamman rabo daga cikin Academy of Sciences - da UC Botanical Garden RAS. Located a cikin Jamhuriyar Bashkortostan. A lambu ne mai tsawo da kuma wuya hanyar ci gaba.

Yau, yana da manyan tarin shuke-shuke, alfahari haske kimiyya nasarori a fagen karatu na daji iri na Flora na jamhuriyar da kiwo na ornamental shuke-shuke.

ƙarshe

Yanzu ka san inda zan je idan ka son yanayi, furanni da kuma shuke-shuke. Botanical lambu AN Tsitsin RAS - wannan shi ne mai ban sha'awa wuri ziyarci.