Bitumen - menene wannan? Properties da kuma aikace-aikace na bitumen

Bitumen - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin kayan gini sani ga mutum. A zamanin yau, ta amfani da shafi quite da dama zabin. Akwai su da yawa irin wannan abu.

jinsunan

Bituminous abubuwa - ne kwayoyin kayan, da suka hada da dama jinsunan.

• Halitta bitumen. Shin mai danko sosai kaya ko m abu wanda qunshi carbohydrate mahadi kuma su Kalam. Hanyoyi na samuwar su ne na halitta hadawan abu da iskar shaka matakai na man Polymerization. Suna yada a cikin wurare na man fetur. Pure halitta bitumen - shi ne mai rare abu.
• Kwalta jinsunan. Wannan irin aka samu akai akai fiye da baya daya. Yana da yake a porous kankara. Su aka niƙa kuma pulverized. Kamar yadda shi dai itace hanya bitumen.
• Man fetur. Yana da wani irin na wucin gadi abu. An samar a cikin aiwatar da refining. A daidai da tsari sake zagayowar irin wannan bitumen rabu cikin saura, hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma fatattaka.

tsarin

Bitumen yana da wadannan abun da ke ciki a cikin classic version:

• zuwa 80% carbon.
• zuwa 15% hydrogen.
• daga 2 zuwa 9% na sulfur.
• ba fiye da 5% oxygen.
• daga 0 to 2% nitrogen.

Wadannan abubuwa ne a cikin nau'i na hydrocarbon mahadi, sulfur, oxygen da kuma nitrogen.

Duk abubuwa za a iya kasu uku kungiyoyin.

1. M bangaren - high kwayoyin nauyi hydrocarbons kira asphaltenes. Akwai kuma m aka gyara su ne paraffins.

2. resins - amorphous kayan, wanda da duhu Brown launi.

3. The man sulusi da murabba'i - ne daban-daban hydrocarbons wanda da yawa kasa da 1.

Bitumen - shi ne mai hadaddun abu da wasu rabo daga dukkan aka gyara. Kara a da nauyi na asphaltenes zai kara da taurin, brittleness da softening zazzabi.

A waxes kuma rage ductility na bitumen, don haka hankali ne ya biya zuwa yi na wani karu a cikin abun ciki zuwa 5% ko žasa.

fanni na aikace-aikace

Dangane da jiki Properties bambanta da wadannan filayen na aikace-aikace na bitumen:

• gina hanya.
• yin rufi;
• waterproofing.
• elektorokabelya samarwa;
• Shino-roba fasahar.
• batura.
• Paints da varnishes.
• metallurgy.
• uglebriketov samarwa;
• Refining.

A gine-gine a kan kansa bitumen ne mafi m abu domin waterproofing na daban-daban abubuwa, musamman cikin cellars da basements.

mai hanya

Gina titunan da amfani da man fetur bitumen hanya (Gost 22245-90). Akwai da dama brands na irin wannan abu.

Don zabi da hakkin irin, ya kamata mu ayyana da irin sauyin yanayi zone.

Ga yanayi wanda ake halin da yawan zafin jiki a cikin sanyi kakar ba fi -20? C a kan talakawan, su dace da daidai da Gost hanya bitumens kamar BND 200/300, 130/200 BND da BND 90/130.

Domin yankuna inda talakawan zafin jiki a cikin sanyi lokaci na shekara kewayon daga -10 zuwa -20? C, samar da man fetur bitumen hanya II kuma III na sauyin yanayi zones na hanya. Wadannan sun hada da na sama jinsunan, kazalika da 60/90.

Idan wata-wata talakawan zafin jiki a lokacin sanyi lokaci na shekara ne a cikin kewayon -5 zuwa -10? C, da Standard azurta da yin amfani da man fetur hanya bitumen kamar yadda duk na sama iri, kazalika da BND 40/60, 90/130 BN, BN 130/200 BN 200/300.

Domin yankunan inda hunturu Averages halin yanayin zafi ba m fiye 5? C, m man hanya bitumen iri kamar BND 40/60, 60/90, 90/130 BND, BN 60/90, 90/130 BN.

mai

Akwai iri dake cewa ana amfani da shi don gina ba kawai hanyoyi amma kuma na zama Properties. Wannan duniya iri. Akwai kawai uku brands, wanda sun hada da irin wannan man fetur bitumen kamar yadda BN 70/30, 90/130 BN, BN 50/50.

Kazalika da man fetur bitumen hanya, Gost wanda shirya yanayi na aikace-aikace na kowane iri, don yi bitumen abubuwa Gost 6671-76.

A kasan muhalli zazzabi, da more na roba abu da ya kamata a yi amfani da gine-gine. Wannan zai tabbatar da tsawon rai da tsawon aiki.

Mai yin rufi kayan

Domin da dama ayyukan a kan rufin shigarwa ta amfani da musamman bitumen. Kadarorin da aikace-aikace da aka kayyade Gost 9548-74. Wannan misali shafi yin amfani da iri uku yin rufi kayan:

• Amanta 90/30 - yana da irin wannan ikon yinsa, kamar yadda da samuwar da shafi Layer daga cikin rufi.
• BNK 40/180 - Ana amfani da a gudanar da wani impregnation.
• BNK 45/190 - An zaba domin samun da sarrafa abin da yin rufi abu don rufi.

Dalilai influencing da irin hanya abu

Kwalta hanya, Gost wanda ya samar da dama iri irin wannan abu ne halin da yawa daban-daban Properties. Kowane bada wasu ingancin abu.

A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu, ma'ana da ikon yinsa, daga cikin bitumen suna dauke ductility, softening nufi, brittleness, walƙiya, danko, m Properties.

High yanayin zafi inganta karuwa daga cikin mataki na bitumen danko. A sanyi weather ta yi hasarar abu inganci da lokacin kai thermal iyaka zama gaggautsa.

Ya taimaka wajen kara da plasticity na Bugu da kari daga cikin man kayan. A mafi sanyi man fetur bitumen, da hakan ingancin ta aji.

walƙiya zafin jiki ne ma mai matukar muhimmanci factor ga wani abu kamar bitumen hanya. Standard samar da wani misali darajar wannan siga to +200? C da ke sama. A mafi walƙiya zazzabi, da ƙananan flammability wakili.

mannewa kudi zai taimaka wajen sanin yadda za kyau riƙo bitumen tushe surface. A mafi girma da ci, da karfi da kayan da aka sa a kan surface.

Fasahar yin amfani da kayan

A lokacin da gina hanyoyi da kuma sauran wurare, da dumi-up fasahar bitumen. Wannan tsari ne da za'ayi a daidai da wasu sharudda. Da dabara na yin amfani da kayan da yake a cikin halaye na wani abu kamar bitumen. Gost bayyana ta fi muhimmanci Properties.

Don zafi da kayan amfani a cikin shiri da kuma gyara, musamman tukunya tare da m ganuwar daga karfe da kuma hermetically rufe murfi. A kauri daga cikin abu zai ba da damar da shi don kauce wa overcooking.

2/3 cika tanki. Bitumen kafin sauke raba cikin guda kananan size.

Dumama ne da za'ayi a kan wani karamin wuta, da kuma narke abu har wani taro yi kama. Lokacin da waje al'amarin an cire su musamman sieve. Reserve reheating zafin jiki na 200? C.

Dumama a zazzabi na +160 zuwa +170? C narke bitumen for game 3 h. Idan ka kara da shi zuwa iyakar darajar, dumama tsari zai zama kawai 1 hour.

Bitumen ga hanyoyi ba zai iya tsaya wa kara dumama kan +200? C, saboda dũkiyõyinsu daga wannan zai deteriorate. Lokacin da 220? C yana farawa ta samar da coke.

Lokacin da overheated bitumen samar m yellow-kore hayaki, da kuma kan kai da iyaka zuwa +240? C material iya ko karya. Sa'an nan da murfin da tukunyar jirgi kusa kashe gobara.

Bayan zafi fiye da kima da kuma walƙiya bitumen hanya ta zama gaggautsa da kuma daina Fit domin aikin a yi ko gyara.

Storage da kuma harkokin sufuri

Bitumen ajiya faruwa a musamman tankuna. Suna sanye take da stirring sunadaran mai tsanani abu. Wannan dabara dole ne na musamman tururi feed hanya domin hana walƙiya abu tururi.

Don komai da tankuna ana bayar a kasa na da gangara.

M shari ruwa kwalta hanya, sanye take da musamman farashinsa wanda pumped abu.

Idan abu ne hawa a m tsari, amfani da musamman collapsible form.

A lokacin kai da kuma ajiya bayar ga duk wuta aminci da bukatun, kamar yadda dangantaka da bitumen flammable. Cika duk da aminci dokoki, bãbu tsõro daga abin da ya faru na unpredictable yanayi a cikin aikin tare da wannan abu. Bayan karatu da kaddarorin da kuma irin kayan da za a iya samu nasarar amfani da shi don gina daban-daban wurare.

Bitumen - wani abu da ciwon halayen kirki irin su ruwa juriya, ƙarfi, nonsusceptibility yanayin tasiri, low amo da kuma thermal nuna gaskiya da kuma low halin yanzu madugu. Godiya ga wadannan kaddarorin, shi ne mai matukar rare kuma abin dogara gini abu.