Bee tsutsa: na cin gaba mataki zuwa adult, ciyar da halaye da kuma ban sha'awa facts

A ci gaba da mai da kudan zuma, drone, kuma ya zauna cikin mahaifa ne zuwa kashi da amfrayo da kuma postembryonic kuma kunshi dama, saukarwa: kwai, tsutsa, Prepupa, yar tsana. Amfrayo lokacin farawa daga lokacin hadi da kuma shi ne mai aiwatar da samuwar hadaddun kwayar halittu kwai - tsutsa. Postnatal mataki - shi ne aiwatar da canji tsutsa a cikin ya fara tasawa. Af, da larvae ƙudan zuma, da matasa ƙudan zuma a cikin apiary wani da ake kira "Detva".

A tsarin da larvae na ƙudan zuma

Bee tsutsa yana da sauki tsarin: a kananan kai da kuma wani farin tsutsa-kamar jiki kunsha na ciki da kuma thoracic segments. A matsanancin harsashi da aka rufe da wani bakin ciki Layer na chitinous. Ƙarin ciki gabobin (kamar a cikin balagaggu, amma kasa da suka ci gaba) taka muhimmiyar rawa hanji, da gaban garun wanda aka bayar a cikin wani nau'i na gajeren tube tare da tsokoki. Su rage damar da tsutsa kudan zuma tsotsa ruwa abinci. Tare da midgut, wanda bautarka mai kyau sashi na jiki, budewa da excretory gabobin - 4 Malpighian jirgin ruwa. Hindgut halin da mai lankwasa siffar da dubura a karshen. Shi ba ya samun ragaggen abinci, kamar yadda tsakiyar da kuma na baya hanji tsakanin su ba su sanar. Fili wadannan ƙungiyoyin auku a karshen na bayyana mataki. Zuciya larvae located in dorsal yanki da kuma kunshi 12 Kwayoyin, alhãli kuwa a cikin balagaggu kwaro 5. su numfashi gabobin an rarraba a kusa da jiki tracheal kututturan da mahara rassan. Karfi da ci gaba mai Layer da ke cikin jimlar nauyin jikinsu game da 60-65%. Jima'i gabobin da juyayi tsarin ne a cikin jariri. idanu da kuma olfactory gabobin ne mãsu fakowa ba. A kan ƙananan lebe zubar bude kadi gland shine yake. Sun samar da abubuwa da abin da tsutsa spins a rafta.

Artificial mahaifu ƙarshe: kayan yau da kullum na da hanyar

Tsakanin hanji da kuma ovaries yana dorsal jirgin ruwa. The larvae na aiki ƙudan zuma da kuma mahaifiyar ne irin wannan a cikin yawan kwai shambura. A lokacin predkukolnoy da yar tsana mataki larval gabobin da kuma nama lalace. Har ila yau lalace kwai Rolls, wanda a cikin balagaggu ne game da 5 guda. A masterbatch larvae ovarian samuwar ci gaba a mataki yar tsana. Samuwar yawa tubules kwai tsutsa ne ilimin muhimmanci: a cikin akwati na mutuwa da na uwarsa kudan zuma larvae ne iya komawa zuwa kawo "fistulous" mahaifa. Wannan halitta sabon abu underlies da wucin gadi karbo daga sarauniya ƙudan zuma.

A ci gaba da larvae na ƙudan zuma

Da zarar da larvae fito daga qwai, ta nan da nan da dama zuwa kasa daga cikin cell da kuma a cikin kula makamai na manya, nan da nan za a fara aniya zakarmlivat "ta baby." Bees nas sa a kan kasa na cell babban adadin sarauta jelly (5 sau da nauyin da larvae) samar a cikin pharyngeal gland da kuma ciwon sinadirai masu darajar high. Jelly larvae ƙunshi fats, carbohydrates, sunadarai, ma'adanai, bitamin B. tsutsa, yin rotational akai, bude da kuma rufe gangar jikin motsi, kullum ci girbe kayayyaki da kuma girma dama da idanunmu.

A lokacin na aiki girma da kuma uncontrolled ci

Idan "jariri" misali yin la'akari 0.1 MG da ciwon tsawon 1.6 mm, sa'an nan da rana ta iya girma da 1 mm. Bayan kwana biyu, ta tsawo ne fiye da 6 mm. Game da nauyi: bayan 5 days daga ranar haihuwar ta adadi ya wuce na farko lokaci a 1400-1500. Irin wannan uncontrolled nauyi riba yana da wani m gefen: a cikin jiki na larvae na jari na wata babbar adadin gina jiki da suke a ajiye lokaci, a lokacin da ikon ba samuwa. Daga rana ta uku na abinci ne mafi zama bambancin da wadãtar da gruel daga hirtsinta da zuma. Bugu da kari ga abinci mai gina jiki da matasa tsara, m ƙudan zuma kullum girma kowane minti daya ziyarar larvae. Score jimlar yawan ziyara ga dukan lokaci na larval mataki a cikin dubbai.

Wani lokaci ta faru da cewa ƙudan zuma emit larvae. Wannan shã'aninku ne saboda cututtuka (sacculated brood Turai foulbrood, askosferoz da sauransu), kudan zuma mallaka bugi ko wannan ne yake aikata domin tsara da yawa nuna alama. Feminism lafazin faransanci da abinci a duk bai isa ba, ga ƙudan zuma rabu da karin bãkunansu ya ciyar. saki na larvae iya faruwa saboda yunwa.

Molting: Akayi

M girma daga cikin larvae ba zai tasiri da girman da ta m tufa - Shell, wanda shi ne kawai 'yan stretches. Da zaran karshen zama kananan, da kudan zuma tsutsa, sunansa tsakanin beekeepers sauti kamar "Detva", shi nan da nan ya musanya ga wani ya fi girma, m ga girma, da barin jefar da odezhku a cikin cell. A lokacin da girma da kuma ci gaban larvae Molina auku 4, kowanne daga abin yana na kimanin awa daya. By rana ta shida daga cikin kudan zuma tsutsa ƙaruwa haka yake rufe da cell gaba daya. A wannan yanayin, tare da larvae da kuma ta jiki babu manyan canje-canje da suke faruwa. A karo na farko cikin kwari molting bayan 12-18 sa'o'i bayan haihuwa. Na biyu harsashi canji yakan faru bayan 36 hours. Uku lokaci tufafi da aka sabunta bayan 60 hours daga lokacin da na Hatching, kuma na karshe - bayan 78-89 hours.

Predkukolnaya mataki larvae

Sa'an nan kudan zuma tsutsa shiga cikin predkukolnuyu mataki. Bee like da shi - ya miƙa tare da tsawon da cell da kuma shirya kai ga bude, -vozduhopronitsaemoy porous murfi, kunsha na 2% na ruwa, 46% haske launin ruwan kasa taro na pollen a cikin abun da ke ciki da kuma 58% kakin zuma. Shãfe haske kwaro nan da nan saki daga abinci tarkace tara da matsawa na ciki bango da kuma mayar da rata rabo. Wannan musamman alama na zubar da excreta kawai bayan da ciyar taimaka wajen kula da ake bukata tsarki na hive, da kuma kariya game da sakamakon feed daga gurbacewa.

Shirya domin canji a cikin wani pupa

Da zarar larvae ƙudan zuma a sakar zuma warware daga undigested abinci sharan gona, suka nan da nan za a fara a juya a rafta, da cewa shi ne sirrin amarya kadi gland na ciki rami na cell. A tsutsa daga wani aiki da kudan zuma a cikin irin wannan alhakin aiki ba ci. igiyar ciki mutum tsaya a nan ba domin abinci da kuma Halicci rafta da wani bude zuwa ga kasa daga cikin cell. Yana da aka daga a kudan zuma tsutsa an ciyar da sarauta jelly a lokacin aiki. Rafta aiki takware larvae yana ba. A nan gaba kudan zuma larval mataki ne 6 kwanaki, da drone - 7 kwanaki, ya zauna cikin mahaifa - 5 days.

Wani Molina da tsutsa na kudan zuma fuskantar kasancewa a cikin wani rafta. Duk da haka, yanzu wannan tsari ne kama da na baya: a surface na jiki ne da wani kasafi na musamman m cewa ya inganta rabuwa da haihuwa da kuma sabon-kafa cuticle. A karshe moulting faruwa m tsawo daga cikin appendages primordia cewa kasance a gabãnin a ciki sashi na jiki harsashi, da kuma sauka a hankali samuwar cikin matsanancin jiki. A wannan hanya, mutum kudan zuma shirya canji a cikin pupa. Dokukolnaya mataki a cikin kudan zuma larvae da kuma mahaifiyar daukan 2 kwana a drone - 2 sau daina.

Da samuwar da adult kwari

Running a dokukolnoy mataki canje-canje a hankali tuba m cikin adult kwari: kafa ciki, kirji rabo da wani shugaban, wanda ya kõma da eriya mouthparts da sauki da kuma fili idanu. Haƙarƙari rabo ne kafa primordia kafafu da kuma nau'i-nau'i biyu na fuka-fuki. A ciki qara dorsal zobe - tergites. Ciki rabin zobba - sternites rufe ƙananan ɓangare na ciki da kuma alaka da juna tare da wani bakin ciki plenochkoj tergites. Kitsen jiki ne sharply rage, saboda da karshen ikon da shi ne kawai tushen samar da makamashi ga canji na larval gabobin.

Sinadirai reserves cewa sun tara a cikin jiki ga wani tsanani lokaci na ciyar da, a hankali kõma a nan gaba jikinsu. A hanya, akwai wani canji na jiki launi daga haske rawaya zuwa purple ta baki ko ruwan kasa. rini aiwatar farawa da idanu, ke da kai, kirji da ciki ɓangare.

A karshe mataki larvae

A karshe mataki na ci gaba da larvae ne 'yar tsana - kama a bayyanar da adult kwari, kawai da ciwon farin launi. Kasancewa a cikin wani Jihar cikakken sauran, ba tare da iko, da kunno kai kwaro jurewa munanan canje-canje: wasu gawawwakin bace gaba daya, wasu partially. Da zarar wannan tsari yana tafiya ne gama - 'yar tsana jũya a cikin wani aiki mahaifa, ko drone kudan zuma, da na sama muƙamuƙi shi peregryzet hula da kuma fita daga cikin cell.

Sun mahaifa don samun waje taimako ga ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma. suka ci su saman rafta, don haka abin da ya zama a launin toka-fari. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa gashi launi, za ka iya sanin abin da cell wajen kyankyasar kwan wani sabon sarauniya. A total rai sake zagayowar daga kwai zuwa adult kwari daukan kwanaki 21 daga aiki kudan zuma, 16 kwana a cikin mahaifa, da kuma kwanaki 24 a drone. Domin da ingantaccen ci gaban duk 'yan daga cikin kudan zuma iyali a cikin gida ya zama akai zafin jiki na + 34-35 ^{° C,} kazalika da isassun abinci da kuma yawan m ƙudan zuma.