Bashkir ado. Bashkir ado da alamu

Bashkir ado da kuma alamu ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na kayan al'adu da kuma a lokaci guda daya daga cikin siffofin na ruhaniya kerawa na mutane na Bashkortostan. A wannan yanayi, jama'a art ne sakamakon ƙarni na ci gaba: a cikin ornamentation, a wasu alamu, a launuka, a hade da jama'a artists vividly nuna rayuwar mutane da suke fahimtar da muhalli gaskiya a matakai daban-daban na tarihi.

Ado kamar yadda dangantakar al'adu

Major events a cikin tarihi na Bashkirs, wasu twists a rayuwarsu ko da yaushe ko kusan ko da yaushe samu m magana a cikin zane-zane, ciki har da na ado: a cikin ornamentation a cikin dabara da kisa, a cikin ci gaban da sabon ko data kasance jinsunan nau'i nau'i kerawa.

Bashkir ado ornamentation dabaru, da launuka, alamu ne da mayar da hankali terminology nuna interplay na kabilanci tarihi na Bashkir mutane. Wannan ya shafi ta asalin, kabilanci matakai a tsakiyar zamanai, tsoho da kuma na zamani tarihi da kuma al'adu interactions da makwabtaka al'ummai. Zane ga dalilai da dama, na farko, da godiya ga mai girma zaman lafiyar na ado, sakamakonsa, kuma sama-sama fiye da yawa sauran iri kayan al'adu, Bears burbushi na lokuta daban-daban da kuma hulda tsakanin kabilun daban-daban.

National ado da alamu za a iya samu a kusan duk iri kayayyakin kerarre da kula hannun jama'a artists:

• kyãwãwa, da tufafi, da tawul din, labule, gado lilin.
• kayayyakin fata, ado articles sanya na halitta kayan.
• jita-jita, kayayyakinsa.
• art zane-zane, da zane, kwafi, bugu, da sauransu.

Carpet sakar

Ado na Bashkir mutane ne musamman suna bayyana a kafet sakar. Patterned kyãwãwa ne mai m ɓangare na sadakin da yarinya. Kyãwãwa patterned tare da ratsi aka rarraba a ko'ina kudancin Bashkiria da Bashkir mutane daga cikin Kurgan yankin. A kudu maso yammacin, yammacin kuma tsakiyar ɓangare na Bashkiria, a cikin daruna na gudãna Dema da IR, kazalika da tsakiyar da kuma ƙananan kai na cikin kogin White saka kyãwãwa mafi yawa tare da na lissafi da alamu.

Tun tsakiyar karni na 20th a kudu maso yammacin kasar a manyan baza a ado na kyãwãwa samu na fure motifs a cikin nau'i na curls da kuma rassan tare da furanni, ganye, berries, apples da sauransu. D. A gaskiya, wannan sabon, zamani mataki na ci gaba da ado da kuma alamu a kan ƙasa na Bashkortostan.

Kyãwãwa tare da taguwar juna

Kyãwãwa da juna ratsi aka saka da zanen gado 20-22 cm a fadin. A longitudinally-sofane juna da aka halitta bisa rasu thread tumaki ko akuya gashi. Palace juna ne sauki - shi ne a tsaye, toothed ko santsi Multi masu launin ratsi. Very sauki taguwar Bashkir ado da shawara cewa shi ne mafi tsoho irin kafet.

Kyãwãwa tare da lissafi da kuma na fure alamu

Suna sewn biyu, wani lokacin uku saka a ajiye waje ɗaya daga nisa 40-60 cm da ƙarya a ƙunƙuntaccen baki. Bordure yawanci saka raba kayan yanar gizo da kuma tare da wani juna ɗan daban-daban daga juna na tsakiyar filin. Wani lokaci kafet ba shi da iyaka.

Bashkirsky ado kafet da lissafi alamu zai fi dacewa rectilinear, tare da daidai Figures. Babban abubuwa na shi ne terraced multicolored Diamonds, murabba'ai, takwas-nuna taurari da kuma sauran siffofi, mike layuka ciko ornamented kafet filin. Su, bi da bi, ɓullo ciki guda, amma karami Figures. Ado abubuwa, dauke dabam, an samu a cikin ornamentation na da yawa wasu al'ummai. Duk da haka, a hade, a total abun da ke ciki wanda shi ne musamman a zabi launi, sai suka samar da wani irin na launin juna, wanda yake koyar da wani musamman ado Bashkir kasa launi.

A cikin hali na shuka magani matakai na al'ada geometrical juna shaci rhombus dauki twigs da ganye, da kuma takwas nuna star aka bi da matsayin takwas-flower.

launi bakan

Bashkir kasa ado a launuka bambanta. Launi ratsi - ja, rawaya, kore, blue, da shuɗi, da shunayya, da sauran launuka a cikin mafi zurfi tare da wani cikakken predominance na madder launi. A wani kokarin ba to maimaita juna masaƙa ana yin wani gagarumin bambanci a launuka. A cikin sauki halitta m selection da kuma hade da launuka da suka isa high kwanyarsa ado.

patterned yadudduka

Bashkir ado da alamu za su iya har yanzu a iya samu a kan gaban kasa dress. Yadudduka sanya daga shuka zaruruwa a Bashkirs ne wadãtattu da luscious alamu, da dama Popular dabaru. Dinka tufafin yau da kullum, yau da kullum abubuwa da aka kerarre ake kira pestryad - launin zane a cikin wani keji ko tsiri. Festive da bukukuwan tufafi, abubuwa, Popular gidaje, ornamented alamu jinginar gidaje ko Bran Textiles (saka masana'anta).

Na multicolored dinki mata shirts, aprons, mata da maza wando. Saboda an yi shi tablecloths, tawul din, napkins, labule, da kuma haka daban-daban scrip. D. Pestryad checkered juna ne kafa ta rarrabawa da masu launin ratsi. A kudancin yankunan Bashkortostan a cikin Urals da pestryad saka manyan Kwayoyin. A m launuka na ja, da fari da baki launuka. National ado multicolored arewacin yankunan daban-daban na kananan juna Kwayoyin kuma mafi bambance bambancen launuka. Sau da yawa plaid pestryad tsara don aprons, tablecloths da labule, ado da ado da kuma ado da Bran-kamar medallions kantuna.

-daban na ado

Kwanciya yadi alamu qawata kawai abubuwa na ado ga gida: labule, tawul din da tablecloths. A ornamentation na tufafi jinginar gida dabara ba amfani. A sauki abubuwa na ado, sanya alamun shafi ne m terraced layi - wannan shi ne wani hali Bashkir ado. Gane wadannan Lines ne rikitarwa, suna juna ta samar da wata X-dimbin yawa, 3-dimbin yawa, lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa, 8-dimbin yawa adadi, da kuma sauran mafi hadaddun alamu. Very halayyar da takwas nuna star, a gicciye, a Swastika, wani lu'u-lu'u da ci gaba da jam'iyyun ko da twin curls a cikin sasanninta, hornlike siffar.

kõre da mai walƙiya

A bisa ga al'ada a Bashkiria kõre da shi ya fi muhimmanci fiye da patterned yadudduka. Dalilin shi ne mai sauki m aiki, kuma za ka iya yin mafi m fitattu. Sakar bukata feedstock da looms, da kuma yaduwar ƙãre yadudduka manufacturer da kansa an kuskuren ya auku. Amma kõre da mai walƙiya a bukatar a yau. A fadi da dama daban-daban alamu da ado Bashkir. Figures dogara ne a kan kõre da kayan da hanyar da ake ji da hotuna a kan wani m surface embroider.

Basic abubuwa na ado - wannan adadi a matsayin biyu daga zankayen ragon, S-dimbin yawa Lines, wanda, a wasu haduwa nuna alamu a cikin nau'i na wasiƙa X, ko ya samar da wata Swastika sosai stylized na fure motifs. Bashkir ado kashe kõre da mai walƙiya a kan zane, kyalle, da wuya a auduga yadudduka siliki, ulu ko auduga thread. A alamu a kan sirdi-zane da aka yawanci sewn a kan wani ja ko kore bango, da kuma a kan pouches da kuma na ado kaset har yanzu faruwa da kuma baki baya, wanda ya ba da juna na high haske da kuma samar da wani sarari sauti na kowane launi a cikin abin kwaikwaya. Ga alamu kansu yawanci zaba launuka da dumi launuka, amma yawanci, contrasting tare da bango. Mafi sau da yawa amfani da ja, rawaya, kore da kuma sosai rare blue da kuma shudi. Favorite launi ja ne sau da yawa samu a cikin guda juna tare da ja baya.

sassaƙa

Sassaka, ado a kan jita-jita da kuma zanen a kan itace ya ba kamar yadda tartsatsi a cikin Bashkirs, kamar kõre da mai walƙiya, ko sakar. A togiya ne gine-gine sassaƙa, daga biyu da rabi na XIX karni bayyana a Bashkiria ko'ina. A mafi yadu amfani m itace sassaƙa tsiwirwirinsu a dutsen-gefen kudu maso Bashkiria, inda mai karfi mafi m taiga gandun daji na Kudancin Urals, wanda bayar da dama raw kayan for "itace samar".

Bukatun na halitta tattalin arziki da kuma samuwar gandun daji ta tsawon sanya shi dole kuma zai yiwu don samar daga itace daban-daban kayayyakinsa, iyali abubuwa. A wannan yanayin, da Bashkirs practicality, expediency da aka haɗa da lauye da ado dandani. Manufacturing abubuwa na amfanin yau da kullum, Bashkirs kokarin sanya su ba kawai m, sauki-to-amfani, amma kuma kyau. Yana da wani hadari mafi m, ban sha'awa da aka kwaikwaya a kan jita-jita da kuma abubuwan da suke da kullum, kullum amfani a rayuwar yau da kullum. A yi na buckets for koumiss, a cikin ornamentation na kayayyakinsa, da zanen katako goyon bayan karkashin kirji, tare da kasa da launuka, aiki fita a kan ƙarni, kiyaye abubuwa na alamu da suke da hali na d ¯ kabilan cewa halarci sau daya a cikin kabilanci samuwar Bashkir al'umma.

ƙarshe

Ado na Bashkir mutane - wannan almara. Shi ne samfurin na gama aikin na m zamaninsu. Kowane juna - sakamakon da na gama aikin, yayin da a lokaci guda shi ne samfurin na m tunanin mutum. Mutane da yawa artists ba kawai yi canje-canje a cikin sanannun alamu, amma kuma haifar da sababbi. Bi da bi, sabuwar halitta alamu ne ba a tsaye. Sauran artists kara su ko dogaro gargajiya alamu, ƙirƙiri naka. Saboda haka bambancin da richness na siffofin da cewa mun gani a gargajiya ornamentation na Bashkiria.