Barga haduwa da kalmomi in Russian da kuma Turanci harsuna

Kalma a cikin harshen yana da wani musamman lexical ma'anar, wanda aka bayyana a wani musamman halin da ake ciki. Sau da yawa da kalmomin saya da wani musamman ma'anar, kawai shiga nahawu da kuma ma'ana sadarwa tare da sauran Alamu. Wannan kwari hade kalmomi, inda karshen tuntužar da juna ta samar da wata guda sabon darajar.

Lexical Collocations

A wani jawabin da kalma ba su aiki a kadaici amma a cikin mahallin da sauran kalmomi cewa dole ne su a haɗe lexical, nau'in, ma'ana. Alal misali, kalmar flower bukatar yarjejeniya a lambar, jinsi da hali, da cewa shi ne wani siffa ko participle ya zama namiji, su tsaya a cikin mufuradi da a nominative hali: gandun daji flower. Lokacin da ake amfani da wani siffa, ba mai kyau a cikin ma'anar (m flower), sa'an nan lalace lexical karfinsu na kalmomi.

Barga haduwa da kalmomi - shi ne mai cikakkar bond, wanda ba ya ba da damar maye aka gyara. Saboda haka, hade da sunshine ne "nuna ray Sunshine." Idan ka canza daya bangaren na hade, shi zai rasa darajar (a hade da rana, da matsorata zomo ba riga da wannan ma'ana). A wata kalma, lexical karfinsu na kalmomi a cikin barga magana ne babu makawa kuma na gargajiya.

Rara Collocations, watau na ginin jumla, kafa 'yan qasar jawabai genetically. Lamirinsu ji da damar amfani da magana apple gõnaki da comic version of apple gõnaki.

kari

Kalmomi bukata kusa da wani takamaiman bangaren sa. Sai ya faru da cewa kalmar karfinsu saka dalilin ta'allaka ne a abin da aka makala wani musamman yanayi - wani robust hade kalmomi, aka kira su daban-daban phraseology. Wannan kalma Faransa masanin ilimin harsuna Charles Bally ciwon darajar "keyword magana." Lalle ne, barga haduwa da kalmomi (salon maganarsu) kunshi da dama aka gyara (shi ne peculiar magana), kamar yadda fadan da kalma guda: nick saukar - tuna to gwada bakin ruwa - to shuru, bude bakinsa fadi - mamaki.

tattaunawa masana ilimin harsuna

A kimiyya da cewa karatu tsarin da kuma siffofin da phraseology, da ake kira da phraseology. Masanin ilimin harsuna ya tattauna gaba ɗayansa. Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin msar tambayar baratar da phraseology. A wasu kungiyoyin na masana ilimin harsuna da wani qafafunku a cikin harshen barga haduwa da kalmomi, an kira a wannan hanya. Lexicographical lura ba da damar mu mu yi hukunci da daban-daban fuskanci wannan batun. Phraseology dauke su ne kawai wadanda barga haduwa a cikin abin da darajar da aka fassara da bayanin irin mutum aka gyara. Saboda haka, kaifafa fritters salon maganarsu ko tashi a cikin girgije ba za a iya bayyana ta a description na kowane kalma. Shiya hade da-kafa ma'anar irin wannan siga.

Mutane da yawa, masana ilimin harsuna da ba su kasance cikin sa phrases faxin, Jagora, jawabin clichés. Sun yi imani da cewa salon maganarsu (barga haduwa da kalmomi) - Waɗannan su ne haduwa da suke daidai da kalma.

Nau'in Vinogradov Shan

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, shahararren masanin ilimin harsuna Rasha da duniya suna, wani cikakken bayanin barga haduwa da kalmomi a Rasha harshen da classified su. A aikinsa salon maganarsu kasu kashi phraseological kabu (zahiri salon maganarsu) phraseological hadin kai da kuma phraseological haduwa. Nikolai Maksimovich Shan kumbura rarrabuwa Vinogradov, nuna rubutu na kungiyar idiomatic maganganu.

Fusion

By adhesions ne haduwa wanda ilimin harsuna ne bayyananne kawai a wani musamman sadarwa. Ma'ana salon maganarsu aka gyara shi kadai ne cikakken ba bayyane. Ilimin harsuna adhesions taba sani ba, al'ajabin, rushe Gauntlet, twiddle, jifa da sauran shi yiwuwa a bayyana fassarar kowane kalma. The darajar fitarwa daga salon maganarsu al'ada zaunar kabu. phraseologisms ilimi - shi ne mai dogon tarihi tsari da ya auku a wani musamman harshe.

A personification na tarihin harshen ne barga haduwa da kalmomi. Misalai na irin wannan adhesions: kife a tarko, domin tabbatar. Su ne m ga translation, tun da shi ba m da ma'anar kowace kalma. A adhesions ba zai yiwu permutation da kuma maye aka gyara.

hadin kai

Phraseological hadin kai, sabanin adhesions kunshi semantically motsa aka gyara. Da darajar dogara ne a kan basa metaphorical kama da kalmomi da ma'ana duk phraseologism. Kari binne talantinka ne "m atar da ƙarfi," ya bayyana misãli ne: binne a ƙasa - "fãta, rufe". Phraseological hadin kasa idiomatic fiye da kabu. Unity za a iya diluted a wasu kalmomi, a sau maye gurbin daya daga cikin aka gyara. Alal misali, a phraseologisms kira a spade a spade ne, wani lokacin maye gurbinsu da wani wakilin suna: kira abubuwa da nasu sunayen. Phraseological hadin kira salon maganarsu.

haduwa

A ilimin harsuna na phraseological haduwa sanya up na dabi'u na duk aka gyara abin da gyara da magana dorewa. A lokacin da wannan aka hada da free aka gyara, da kuma hade. A sa na dabi'u ga kowane daga cikinsu ya bayyana wani guda darajar magana. Alal misali, kari archenemy hada a haɗe da maganar, maƙiyi da 'yanci. Har ila yau a hade sidekick, m matsayi, m sanyi, grin da sauransu.

maganganu

Dedicated N. M. Shanskim phraseological maganganu ne salon maganarsu, kunsha na free magana. Akwai wani related abubuwa. Sau da yawa phraseological maganganu ne kamar irin waɗanda clichés, karin magana, da faxin da Jagora. Alal misali, son ga dukan zamanai, duk da mafi kyau, har muka hadu da sake, ba rana ba tare da wani line. A lokacin jawabin, phraseological maganganu ba ƙirƙira magana, kuma suna bayar daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.

Kari a cikin Turanci

Rich English phraseology Asusun, wanda na ƙarni wadãtar da yawa aro daga Latin, Jamus, Faransa, Spain, shi ne na musamman sha'awa ga masana ilimin harsuna. Ilimi na da wani yaren da phraseology nuna fassara matakin. A high, cancantar na gwani taimaka wajen kauce wa harshen rashin fahimtar juna.

Barga haduwa da kalmomi a cikin harshen Turanci za a iya raba bisa ga rarrabuwa VV Vinogradov. Phraseological kabu mafi wuya ga fassara, saboda kalmomi suna kunshe a cikin shi kuwa suna da alaka. A ilimin harsuna irin Tsarin samu daga cikin jimlar darajar. Alal misali, shura da guga ba za a iya fassara a zahiri kamar yadda da harbi da kuma guga. A nan kalmar ta haxe da juna, ba a musamman da darajar da cewa za a iya fassara Rasha phraseology budewa da kafafu.

Phraseological hadin kai a Turanci zama gefe da gefe da homonymous magana. Alal misali, don ci gaba da wani kare da haushi kunya a matsayin kari ne "hayar yin aikin mutum." Translation homonymous free hade nufin "to suna da wani kare da cewa barks a ubangijinsa." High magana na phraseological hadin kai ne mai alama na harshen Turanci.

Phraseological haduwa yarda canzawa na daya daga cikin aka gyara. A abun da ke ciki ya hada da wadanda kalmomi tare da wani ajali darajar da kasancewa. Kari zuwa da wani kunkuntar gudun hijira, da barin tsallake wani bangaren don samun, fassara Rasha hade ajiye mu'ujiza. Wannan rukuni na phraseology mafi sauki fassara saboda hada da haduwa da yaren, littatafan (Sisyphean aiki, Adam ta apple, da kuma hillesova diddige, Ariadne ta thread, kashi na hujja, da sauransu).

Turanci karin magana da faxin ba tare da kamã da jũna dabi'u ne phraseological maganganu. Sun kunshi kalmomi da free dabi'u, amma suna al'ada reproducible: da yawa maza da yawa hankali fassara Rasha phraseological magana na yadda mutane da yawa, don haka da yawa ra'ayin.

littafin yin hira Asusun

Kari asalin iya zama tarihi ( 'yan qasar) da kuma aro. Peryvami sau da yawa ne barga haduwa da kalmomi tare da korau magana da, tare da archaisms da historicism. Alal misali, akwai wani abu don rufe. kome ba. Babu daya da aka manta, kome aka manta; da kalmar da bakinsa. kusa da yanayi. daya a matsayin yatsa. shuka ɓata lokaci. babu wawa.

Aro aka dauke su irin wannan barga haduwa da kalmomi da cewa shigar da harshen matsayin ƙãre samfurin, sau da yawa ba tare da translation. wajen samo daga phraseology daban-daban hanya. Yaren, tsoho adabi, Littãfi, kawo Masterpieces na duniya adabi a cikin harshen barga haduwa da kalmomi. Misalan phraseology dauka daga Latin harshe: alma Mathes, da idee fixe, a tete-a-tete. Littafi Mai Tsarki ya ba da irin wannan barga magana kamar na ɓataccen ɗa, ga Ɗan Rago na Allah, kerkẽci a cikin tumaki da tufafi, wanke hannu, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Na ayyukan almarar shiga phraseological asusu na Rasha harshen da magana da gaske da wani yãro? (Gorky), mu 'yan'uwanka karami (Esenin), rarraba giwaye (M.Zoshchenko).

A amfani da phraseology a jawabin

Muna magana, ne yadu amfani phraseological maganganu, shi sauti mai haske, kyau da ma'ana. Kari jaddada gogewa da magana cikin adam kalmomi, nuna da matakin ilminsa. Phraseology ilmi da ya dace da yin amfani da tsayayyen maganganu magana cikakken ihisani akan.

Da ikon na phraseology yi shi more m da m nuna godiya da 'yan jarida, marubuta,' yan siyasa, jami'an diplomasiyan da kuma wakilan sauran harkokin rayuwa, alaka da sadarwa ayyuka da kuma tasirin da magana. Writers sau da yawa canza salon maganarsu, ƙara musu sinadaran fiye epithets, wanda ya sa ya fi alama da ma'ana. The darajar barga haduwa da kalmomi zama ironical a lokacin da ya maye gurbin wani ɓangare na ci yawa.

Samu na phraseology amfani da publicists lakabobi na articles, makala, reclamations. Ƙẽƙasasshen magana nasa ne da wani rukuni na phraseology - occasionalisms.

littafin yin hira

Lokacin amfani barga haduwa da kalmomi da ka bukatar ka san daidai abin da su ilimin harsuna, la'akari da stylistic asali. Associative kurakurai a cikin yin amfani da phraseology, ba daidai ba da ake kira a lokacin da wani bangaren ana maye gurbin Paronyms ko a kama-kara kalma (fall a ruhu, a kalla ƙidaya Cheshi), magana game da tarihin jãhilci daga cikin harshe da kuma etymology na harshe. Ba daidai ba, da bai dace ba yin amfani da idiomatic maganganu halin canjãwa ma'anar bayyanenku, ya tarwatsa shi ya sa m (suka raira swan song, post digiri a karshe tafiya). Kauce wa wadannan kura-kuran da ya taimaka jumloli. Sun fassara phraseological naúrar, ta bayyana asalin, ne synonymous kalmomi da phrases. A m da multilingual wallafe ba m translation.