Bacteriological bincike Hanyar: da matakai, manufofin, halaye

A nazarin kwayoyin ne na girma m muhimmanci ga mutum. Yau bude wani babban yawan prokaryotes, abin da ya bambanta daga juna a pathogenicity, ikon yinsa, siffar, size, yawan flagella da sauran sigogi. Don karatu a daki-daki, ga iri amfani bacteriological bincike Hanyar.

Mene ne hanyoyin da bincike na kwayan Kwayoyin?

Don ƙayyade ko pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, suna gudanar da wani binciken na al'adu a hanyoyi daban-daban. Daga cikin su:

1. Bacterioscopic Hanyar.

2. A bacteriological Hanyar.

3. A nazarin halittu Hanyar.

Da tarin fuka bincike da madubin likita kuma bacteriological hanyoyin da bincike da su ne bisa aiki a prokaryotic Kwayoyin kamar yadda nazarin halittu bincike da ake bukata, don su bincika da tasiri na wannan Kwayoyin a cikin kwayoyin halittar da gwaji dabbobi. Bisa ga digiri na bayyanuwar wadannan ko wasu alamun cuta masanin kimiyya iya infer gaban ko babu pathogenic kwayoyin cuta a cikin samfurin, kazalika da su da sauƙi propagate a jikin dabba da dabba da al'adunsu da kuma amfani da sauran wurare.

Bacteriological bincike Hanyar ne daban-daban daga shafa. A farko analysis yana amfani da wani shirya musamman al'adu na rayuwa prokaryotes, a lokacin da na biyu aiki ne da za'ayi tare da matattu ko masu rai Kwayoyin a kan wani microscope zamewar.

Akayi na bacteriological bincike Hanyar. ilimin

A qa'ida ta karatu da kaddarorin na kwayan al'adun iya zama da amfani ga kwayoyin, masana kimiyya suka tashi don gano da prokaryotic Kwayoyin, kazalika domin awon, wanda aiki ne don tsayar da pathogenic ko ba-pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, sa'an nan haƙuri da ganewar asali.

Hanyar na nazarin kwayoyin ne zuwa kashi uku, saukarwa:

1. kadaici da kwayoyin cuta daga asali samfurin.

2. shuka da kuma namo kwayoyin m al'adu, da nazarin da kaddarorin.

3. A cikakken nazari na kwayan Kwayoyin.

A mataki na farko

A samfurin ko shafa, aka ɗauke ta daga free surface na matsakaici ko a wani haƙuri. Kamar wancan muka samu wani "hadaddiyar giyar" na da yawa iri kwayoyin da ya kamata shuka a kan rage cin abinci. Wani lokaci yana yiwuwa a gano nan da nan da dole kwayoyin cuta, su san rarraba cibiyoyin na jiki.

Bayan kwana biyu ko uku aka zaba da ake so mazauna da kuma plated a kan m kafofin watsa labarai Petri yi jita-jita da taimakon bakararre madauki. A wani iri-iri na dakunan gwaje-gwaje na aiki tare da shambura, a cikinsa wani m, ko wani ruwa na iya zama da sinadarin gina jiki matsakaici. Kuma gudanar da bacteriological hanyoyin bincike a cikin ilimin.

biyu kafa

Bayan samun mutum kwayan mazauna aka yi kai tsaye macro- da microanalysis. All auna sigogi na mazauna, sanin da launi da kuma siffar kowane daga cikinsu. Sau da yawa wani count mazauna a kan wani Petri tasa, sa'an nan a cikin farawa abu. Wannan shi ne muhimmancin a cikin bincike na pathogenic kwayoyin cuta, da yawan wanda ya dogara a kan mataki na cutar.

Bacteriological bincike Hanyar 2 mataki wadda ta ƙunshi a karatu mutum mazauna na kwayoyin za a iya guda biyu zuwa wani nazarin halittu Hanyar bincike na kwayoyin. Wani haƙiƙa na aikin a wannan mataki - ƙara da adadin fara abu. Wannan za a iya yi a cikin matsakaici, da kuma shi ne mai yiwuwa a gudanar da wani gwaji a vivo a kan rayuwa gwajin kwayoyin. Pathogenic kwayoyin zai ninka, kuma a sakamakon da jini zai dauke da miliyoyin prokaryotic Kwayoyin. Daga cikin dauka jini ne sauki shirya zama dole aiki kayan kwayoyin.

The uku mataki

A mafi muhimmanci na nazarin - da definition morphological, biochemical, toxigenic da antigenic kaddarorin da kwayoyin al'adu. Aiki ne ga ci gaba "tsarkakewa" na al'ada a kan wani sinadarin gina jiki matsakaici, kazalika da kwayoyi (sau da yawa canza launin) a karkashin wani hange.

Saita membobinsu na pathogenic ko opportunistic kwayoyin zuwa musamman taxonomic kungiyar, kazalika domin sanin su da miyagun ƙwayoyi juriya damar bacteriological bincike Hanyar. Stage 3 - maganin rigakafi, watau bincike na da hali na kwayoyin cuta Kwayoyin a wani abun da kwayoyi a cikin yanayi ...

A binciken da na al'ada juriyar ne na m muhimmancin lokacin da shi wajibi ne yin rajistar wani musamman haƙuri bukatar, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, inganci da kwayoyi. Ga kuma iya taimaka bacteriological bincike Hanyar.

Mene ne kiwo ƙasa?

Domin ci gaba da kuma haifuwa na kwayoyin cuta na zama a cikin pre-shirye al'ada kafofin watsa labarai. The daidaito na wadannan na iya zama ko dai ruwa ko m, da kuma asalin - shuka ko dabba.

Basic bukatun ga gina jiki kafofin watsa labarai:

1. sterility.

2. Maximum nuna gaskiya.

3. Mafi kyau duka kwaikwayon na acidity, osmotic matsa lamba, ruwa aiki da sauran halittu masu canji.

Samu ruwan dare mazauna

1. Hanyar Drygalski. Yana ta'allaka ne da cewa madauki ne amfani da kwayan shafa tare da daban-daban na kwayoyin. Wannan madauki da aka yi a kan na farko Petri tasa da sinadarin gina jiki matsakaici. Next, ba tare da canza madauki da saura abu ne ɗauke da na biyu da kuma na uku Petri jita-jita. Saboda haka, na karshe mallaka na kwayoyin samfurori za a seeded ba ma m, ta haka ne simplifies da ikon samun da zama dole domin kwayoyin.

2. Koch Hanyar. Yana amfani shambura tare da zubi gina jiki matsakaici. Akwai aka sanya a madauki ko pipette shafa kwayoyin cuta, bayan da tube abinda ke ciki aka zuba uwa musamman farantin. Agar (ko gelatin) solidifies bayan wani lokaci, kuma shi ne mai sauki gane da kauri da ake so cell mazauna. Yana da muhimmanci a fara soke da cakuda kwayoyin cuta a cikin shambura da taro na kwayoyin da aka ba manya-manyan.

Bacteriological Hanyar bincike, da matakai na wadda ake bisa kan daidai kasafi na kwayoyin cutar al'adu, zai iya yi ba tare da wadannan hanyoyi biyu na gano ware mazauna.

antibiotikogrammy

Gani, da dauki kwayoyin cuta zuwa kwayoyi za a iya gani a biyu m hanyoyi:

1. Hanyar takarda fayafai.

2. kiwo na kwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin a cikin wani ruwa matsakaici.

Takarda Disc Hanyar bukatar al'adun kananan kwayoyin halitta wadda suna girma a kan wani m gina jiki matsakaici. A matsakaici ne ya sa 'yan guda na takarda taso keya, impregnated tare da maganin rigakafi. Idan da miyagun ƙwayoyi copes da neutralization na kwayan Kwayoyin bayan wannan magani rabo ya zauna bã tãre mazauna. Idan korau dauki ga wani kwayoyin, kwayoyin zai tsira.

A cikin hali na yin amfani da wani ruwa na gina jiki matsakaici da aka shirya farko 'yan shambura tare da al'adun kwayoyin na daban-daban dilution digiri. Don wadanda shambura suna kara maganin rigakafi, da kuma a lokacin da kwanaki wadannan aiwatar da hulda da abu da kuma kwayoyin. A ƙarshe, dole mu ingancin antibiotikogrammy da wanda ya yi hukunci da tasiri na da miyagun ƙwayoyi domin a ba da al'adunsu.

Basic bincike na matsalar

Ga itemized raga da turakun na bacteriological bincike Hanyar.

1. Samu fara abu da za a yi amfani da kadaici na kwayan mazauna. Wannan na iya zama wani swab daga surface na wani abu, mucosa ko rami na wani jikin mutum, jini gwaje-gwaje.

2. Namo na al'ada a kan wani m matsakaici. 24-48 hours a kan Petri tasa za a iya samu mazauna na kwayoyin cuta daban-daban jinsunan. Tace ta morphological da / ko biochemical sharudda da ake bukata da kuma aka gudanar domin ta nan gaba aikin.

3. Farfagandar na da sakamakon da al'adunsu. Bacteriological Hanyar bincike da za a iya dogara ne a kan wani inji ko nazarin halittu Hanyar ƙara da yawan kwayoyin cuta al'adu. A farkon yanayin, aiki ne a karkashin hanya tare da daskararrun ko ruwa gina jiki matsakaici, wanda a wani incubator kwayoyin ninka da kuma samar da sabon mazauna. A nazarin halittu Hanyar bukatar yanayi kara yawan kwayoyin cuta, haka nan kwayoyin cutar awon dabbobi. Bayan 'yan kwanaki a wani jini samfurin ko swab iya samun dama prokaryotes.

4. Amfani da tsarkakakku al'adu. Don sanin taxonomic matsayi na kwayoyin cuta, kazalika da akidar zuwa pathogens, shi wajibi ne su gudanar da cikakken bincike na Kwayoyin dangane morphological da biochemical halaye. A cikin nazarin pathogenic micro-kwayoyin kungiyoyin da muhimmanci mu san yadda tasiri cikin mataki na maganin rigakafi.

Shi ne mai kowa halayyar bacteriological bincike Hanyar.

Features analysis

Babban mulkin na bacteriological jarrabawa - shi ne matsakaicin sterility. Idan kana aiki tare da gwajin shambura, amfanin gona da kuma subcultures na kwayoyin kamata a da za'ayi kawai a kan wani mai tsanani barasa fitilar.

Duk matakai na bacteriological bincike Hanyar bukatar yin amfani da wani musamman madauki ko Pasteur pipette. Dukansu kayan aikin da za a pretreated a wani ruhu fitilar wuta. Amma Pasteur pipette, sai nan da nan kafin zafi sterilization wajibi ne a kashe karya da tip na pipette hanzaki.

kwayan seeding dabara ma yana da halaye. Da fari dai, a lokacin da plated a kan m matsakaici za'ayi a kan kwayan madauki agar surface. Madauki, ba shakka, dole riga ya zama a kan samfurin surface na kwayoyin. Har ila yau aikata amfanin gona a cikin al'adun matsakaici, wanda idan da madauki ko pipette kamata isa kasa na Petri tasa.

Lokacin aiki tare da ruwa kafofin watsa labarai amfani shambura. Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da cewa ruwa ba ya shãfe gefuna awon glassware ko toshe kwalaba da kuma amfani da kayayyakin aiki, (dropper, hinjis), kada ku shãfe baƙin abubuwa da kuma saman.

The darajar da nazarin halittu bincike Hanyar

Analysis na wani samfurin da kwayoyin cuta yana da nasa m aikace-aikace. Da farko bacteriological nazarin dabara za a iya amfani da magani. Alal misali, shi wajibi ne don nazarin microflora na haƙuri domin tsayar da daidai ganewar asali, kazalika da ci gaba da daidai hanya na lura. Akwai taimaka antibiogram cewa zai nuna aiki da kwayoyi da cutar pathogen.

Analysis na kwayoyin amfani a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje domin sanin hatsari cututtuka kamar tarin fuka, zazzabin relapsing ko kabba da ciwon sanyi. Haka kuma an yi amfani da nazarin kwayan abun da ke ciki na tonsils, sashin jiki cavities.

Bacteriological nazarin za a iya amfani domin sanin da hanyar gurbatawa. Bisa ga gwada yawa da kuma gwajin kwari abun da ke ciki na shafa daga surface na wani abu ne m da mataki na mazauni na matsakaici da kwayoyin.