Bacillus tarin fuka: yadda mutane da yawa, kamar yadda ya ruwaito? Menene tarin fuka?

Da tarin fuka - wani insidious cutar da ke shafar ba kawai manya amma kuma yara. Don sakamakon cuta aiki mycobacteria (Koch ta bacillus) a cikin jikin mutum. A lura da pathologies amfani multicomponent jiyyar cutar sankara, wanda zai iya wuce har zuwa watanni shida ko fiye. A 50% na lokuta, rashin magani, cutar ƙare a mutuwa. Mene ne tubercle bacillus na Koch, yadda za ta samun a cikin jikin mutum da kuma yadda za a hana ci gaban cuta - wadannan tambayoyi zai magance a cikin wannan labarin.

A ra'ayi na mycobacteria

Da tarin fuka - wani cutar da lalacewa ta hanyar Mycobacterium kungiyoyi ne Mycobacterium tarin fuka (MBT). Wannan irin kwayoyin cuta ne sau da yawa ake kira tubercle bacillus - da sunan Jamus masanin kimiyya Roberta Koha. Kimiyya sani game da 74 jinsunan mycobacteria samu a gona, ruwa, da dabbobi da kuma mutane. Dole ne in ce cewa damuwa da tarin fuka ya sa ta daban-daban na mycobacteria bambanta da juna.

Tubercle bacillus yana da wani musamman m daina kai hare hare, wanda taimaka da kwayoyin cuta su tsira a cikin yanayi. MTB ne a mike ko dan kadan mai lankwasa siffar, gyarawa, Forms ba spores ko capsules, sannu a hankali sosai farfagandar wani na farko rarraban cikin biyu Kwayoyin, da rabo sake zagayowar na 14-18 hours. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, haifuwa faruwa a hanyoyi biyu - by dake tasowa, kasa sashe.

Mycobacterium negligible girma: diamita dabam tsakanin 0.2-0.6 m, tsawon - 1-10 microns. Tubercle bacillus nasa ne da fungi saboda su kama aka nuna a cikin wannan oxygen amfani. MTB mallaka sannu a hankali (a cikin 34-55 kwanaki) girma a kan m matsakaici, da wani m surface, weakly gashin - mai ruwan hoda-orange ko Milky.

A tsarin da MTB Kwayoyin

Kwayan Kwayoyin na tubercle bacillus kunshi wadannan abubuwa:

• cell bango - kafa da dama yadudduka, Mycobacterium kare da inji kuma sinadaran hari. Yana bayar da wani m size da kuma tsari na sel (af, wani ɓangare na dakile qunshi wani waxy, m abu).
• kwayan cytoplasm da granular inclusions.
• cytoplasmic membrane.
• makaman nukiliya abu, a cikin abin da wani madauwari DNA.

MBT ne sosai resistant zuwa muhalli da tasirinsa da kuma dogon rike ta fahimcin muhimmancin. Yaya mutane da yawa tubercle bacillus? Mycobacteria iya zama: up to 7 shekaru a cikin rigar da duhu wuri a zazzabi na 23 ° C; har zuwa watanni 12 a wani duhu da kuma bushe wuri. har zuwa 6 watanni a cikin ƙasa. to 5 watanni a ruwa. har zuwa watanni 3 a cikin littattafai. 2 har zuwa watanni a titi turɓãya, 2 har zuwa makonni a wani cuku da madara. har zuwa shekara a man fetur da kuma cuku. Mycobacterium tarin fuka ba su ji tsoro daga cikin matakai na lalata da kuma 'yan watanni iya zama na binne a ƙasa a jikinsu. Duk da haka, da kai tsaye haskoki na rana halaka ILO da rabi hours, da hasken ultraviolet - a cikin 'yan mintuna. Magni disinfectors jimre bacillus domin 5 hours. Mycobacteria ma kula hydrogen peroxide. Kashe tubercle bacillus ta dumama: minti 20 a 60 ° C da kuma for 5 da minti - at 70 ° C.

MBT iya haifar da cutar bayan da biyu zuwa uku da shekaru na zama da asymptomatic na dogon lokaci a cikin jiki zuwa fara anti-tarin fuka rigakafi.

Menene tarin fuka?

Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, da tarin fuka - wani cutar da lalacewa ta hanyar Mycobacterium aiki. Mafi yawa daga cikin cutar shimfidawa da droplet kamuwa da cuta daga wani kamuwa da mutum zuwa wani m lamba (tari, sneezing, tattaunawar). Wani lokaci da kamuwa da cuta na iya zama da yanayin da abinci (raw madara).

A hadarin - mutane da ke zaune a yankunan da m yanayin tsafta - gidajen yarin, gidajensu domin rashin gida. Wannan ya hada da marasa lafiya da raunana na rigakafi da tsarin (mutane tare da HIV, ciwon daji marasa lafiya). masu ciwon sukari. jarirai. tsofaffi. yan uwa fama da tarin fuka. smokers. Mutane da matalauta abinci mai gina jiki - wadannan Categories mutane mafi sau da yawa kai hari da tubercle bacillus. ikon Hanyar bukatar m ci na bitamin da kuma ma'adanai don taimaka mayar da rage rigakafi aiki.

A abin da ya faru na da tarin fuka ne ya sa ta mutum halaye da kwayoyin, kazalika da kai tsaye alaka da m jihar na mutum. Bisa ga shekaru, cancantar aka mamaye wani rukuni na mutane 18-26 shekara.

A peculiarity da wannan cuta ne da cewa tarin fuka bacillus ne hanzari zama resistant zuwa kwayoyi, don haka magani Hanyar shafi yin amfani da dama kwayoyi a lokaci guda.

A cewar WHO statistics, game da na uku na al'ummar duniya da cutar tare da tubercle bacillus, amma da lafiya ba za ta bari cikin Office ninka. A Pathology faruwa a jikin mutum kawai a karkashin sharadi gwargwado ga wannan - saukar da wata barã'aa. A kowace shekara daga rikitarwa da tarin fuka, ya kashe game da mutane miliyan uku a duniya. Duniya tarin fuka Day da aka gudanar Maris 24th.

Tarin fuka watsa hanya

Akwai hudu main hanyoyin da tarin fuka shimfidawa itace:

• Airborne lokacin da mycobacteria shigar da iska tare da droplets lokacin da tari, sneezing haƙuri.
• alimentary - kamuwa da cuta na faruwa ne ta cikin gastrointestinal fili.
• lamba - kamuwa da cuta na faruwa ne ta idãnun conjunctiva (kamuwa da cuta daga cikin fata ne m sabon abu).
• utero - kamuwa da cuta Mahaifa a lokacin haihuwa daga uwa zuwa jariri.

A wani lafiya jiki tsarin numfashi ana kiyaye da shigar azzakari cikin farji na mycobacteria gamsai, wanda aka sake ta musamman Kwayoyin. Duk da haka, tare da kumburi da numfashi tsarin, kazalika da a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da gubobi "kariya" bai yi aiki ba. Yiwuwar kamuwa da cuta ta alimentary dogara a kan yanayin hanji bango, ta sha iya aiki.

Tun tubercle bacillus aka located waje cikin cell da kuma ninka sannu a hankali nama don wani lokaci riƙe su da lafiya tsarin, duk da haka, Mycobacterium wasu lokaci don samun cikin da ya kwarara daga Lymph Lymph nodes da kuma yada a ko'ina cikin jiki. A mafi m ga mycobacteria ne jikuna tare da ci gaba microvasculature (huhu, koda bawo, sassan fallopian shambura). Da zaran Office shiga cikin Kwayoyin, suka fara zuwa lalata da tsarin da kuma raba.

Pathology haltta

A gabobin shafi kamuwa da cuta auku "sanyi" kumburi wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar granulomas jam'i - hillocks ne yiwuwa ga ƙasƙanci. A dauki na jiki da aka nuna a cikin 'yan makonni bayan kamuwa da cuta. Salula rigakafi da aka kafa bayan watanni biyu. A na gaba lokaci na ci gaba da pathological tsari ne halin da m girma Office, da kumburi martani shi batacce ne, duk da haka, causative wakili na mai kumburi mayar da hankali ne ba gaba daya shafe ta.

Tubercle bacillus a cikin jiki da aka adana na dogon lokaci, da kuma wani mutum na iya zama wani m na ILO rayuwa. Tare da weakening na rigakafi sauran jama'ar na Office zai rayayye raba, haifar da cigaba da tarin fuka. A hadarin tasowa cuta a cikin na farko da kamuwa da mutum ne 10% a lokacin shekaru biyu na farko bayan kamuwa da cuta. Tare da nassi daga lokaci zai ragu da alama na cutar.

Lokacin da ya raunana kariyar da kwayoyin ba su iya shanyewa yada kwayoyin cuta Kwayoyin da ya auku dabam dabam. Domin rai kafa MTB musamman m yanayi a cikin abin da ya zama ruwan dare granulomas an garwaya a cikin wani na kowa girma, haka ce cewa primary kamuwa Saide wani lokaci na asibiti da tarin fuka. Kumburi shimfidawa kara fadin aikin tsarin.

Siffofin da iri da tarin fuka

Bayan kamuwa da cuta Pathology zama latent form, watau. E. Mafi sau da yawa asymptomatic. Daya kawai daga cikin goma lokuta, da ke shiga wani aiki zamani. Coli tarin fuka mafi yawa rinjayar da huhu amma zai iya shafar sauran jiki tsarin.

Rarrabe biyu siffofin tarin fuka:

• bude,
• rufaffiyar.

Lokacin da gaban da bude nau'i na tubercle bacillus an sauƙi gano a sputum ko a cikin wasu haƙuri secretions (fitsari, tumbi). Rashin tsayar da hygienic riƙi shirinsu a cikin wannan tsari na iya haifar da kamuwa da cuta da wasu. A cikin rufaffiyar nau'i na mycobacteria ba a gano, da kuma marasa lafiya ba barazana ga wasu.

Dangane da irin aikin tsarin da aka fallasa da tubercle bacillus, Pathology classified kamar haka:

• na huhu da tarin fuka,
• extrapulmonary da tarin fuka.

Ya danganta da yadda Pathology ya yaɗu a cikin jiki, an rarrabe su:

• latent da tarin fuka,
• watsa tarin fuka,
• mai da hankali da tarin fuka,
• caseous ciwon huhu,
• tubercles
• fibro-cavernous da tarin fuka,
• cirrhotic da tarin fuka,
• pleural da tarin fuka, maƙogwaro ko trachea - wani sabon abu quite rare.

Extrapulmonary tarin fuka rinjayar wani jiki, inda da Pathology ta kasu:

• da tarin fuka CNS da meninges - cutar rinjayar da laka da kuma kwakwalwa, da wuya harsashi.
• tsarin narkewa kamar, a wanda yawanci rinjayar bakin ciki da kuma caecum.
• Da tarin fuka da urogenital Sphere rinjayar da kodan, urinary fili, haihuwa gabobin.
• Tsarin kasusuwan.
• lupus.
• Da tarin fuka idanu.

The asibiti manifestations cuta. da tarin fuka na tsakiya m tsarin

Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, saboda gaskiyar cewa tubercle bacillus raba sosai a hankali, gano shi a farko lokaci zai yiwu. Saboda haka Pathology iya dogon to bayyana kanta, kuma daga baya ya gano da hatsari a lokacin fluoroscopy ko tuberculin gwaje-gwaje. Bugu da kari, da takamaiman ãyõyi da cutar, a gaskiya, ba ya wanzu. Gaskiyar cewa jiki shi ne, abin mãye, iya nuna pallor, na kullum gajiya, ko drowsiness, apathy, wani kadan karuwa da jiki zafin jiki (game da 37 ° C), ta ƙara sweating, nauyi asara, kara girma na Lymph nodes.

Laboratory bincike na jini da marasa lafiya da tarin fuka tana gano baƙin ƙarfe rashi, raguwa a yawan farin jini Kwayoyin. Daga baya, a lokacin da cutar ta shiga wani karin aiki lokaci, ya shiga cikin sama cututtuka su ne hujjõji bayyanannu daga Pathology na shafa sashin jiki.

Idan Mycobacterium rinjayar da tsakiya m tsarin, da haƙuri da aka lura, a cikin Bugu da kari wani babban zazzabi, wani barci cuta, zalunci, mai tsanani ciwon kai, amai. A karshen mako na biyu na farko na farko ãyõyin canje-canje faruwa a cikin kwakwalwa membrane Tsarin, wanda aka halin da tashin hankali na wuyansa tsokoki da kuma rashin iyawa ga latsa ka Chin to ka kirji, kaƙĩƙa kafafu kamar yadda zai yiwu. A hadarin zone masu ciwon sukari ko dako immunodeficiency cutar. Yana ba nadiri aukuwa a bango na wannan Pathology da shafi tunanin mutum cuta, kazalika da illa sani, ji na ƙwarai, yunkuri na eyeballs.

Ba kamar cuta a fara tasawa mutum tubercle bacillus a yara in ba haka ba sa cutar ne mafi m, kuma mai tsanani, har yakan haifar da mutuwa. An kubutar da farko underdeveloped yaro ta rigakafi da tsarin. Fallasa to wannan cuta mafi sau da yawa fiye da yara suke a cikin yanayi na matalauta dubagari, matalauta abinci mai gina jiki, kullum overworked. Tubercle bacillus a yara yana sa jiki ta musamman cututtuka, don haka iyaye bukatar jawo hankali ga amai, gajiya da yaro, rage hankali, asarar ci, nauyi asara, zazzabi.

Da tarin fuka da sauran aikin tsarin

Bugu da kari huhu Kwayoyin da tsakiya m tsarin Pathology iya kai farmaki sauran gabobin a cikin jikin mutum, kamar numfashi tsarin. Saboda haka, tuberculous pleurisy - da shan kashi na pleura membrane da yake rufe da huhu. Wannan Pathology iya zama mai zaman kanta cuta, ko faruwa a sakamakon rikitarwa na huhu da tarin fuka tsarin. Wani wahala na huhu da tarin fuka da tarin fuka iya zama babba numfashi fili, inda a cikin kumburi tsari ya shafi cikin pharynx da maƙogwaro. A bayyanar cututtuka irin wannan cuta a cikin Bugu da kari a waccan mujalla da muka ne hoarseness ko wahala a hadiya.

Da shan kashi na tubercle bacillus aka kira Lymph kumburi da tarin fuka lymphadenitis. Mafi sau da yawa hõre kai farmaki supraclavicular ko mahaifa Lymph nodes da suke kara girman amma m.

MTB kuma iya shafar gabobi na urogenital tsarin. Cutar da ake bayyana ta kaifi sha raɗaɗin a cikin kugu ko da baya, wani babban yanayin jiki. Lokacin da urination ne yiwu spotting. A Pathology ya auku a daidai yawa a cikin maza da mata.

Da tarin fuka da kashi nama halin da m samu karaya, ciwo mai tsanani a cikin shafa yankin, da rashin matsawa kullum. Running siffofin irin Pathology sau da yawa kai ga mutuwa.

Ganewar asali da kuma magani

A ganewar asali da aiki da tarin fuka ne mafi mashahuri hanyoyin da sputum shafa bincike da madubin likita da X-ray. Analysis shafa, duk da haka, ba za a dauke inganci ne kuma abin dogara hanya, tun farkon matakai da cutar, kazalika da a lokuta da rashin lafiya a cikin 'ya'yanku binciken ya ba da wani mummunan sakamako.

X-ray bincike hanyoyin su ne tasiri, yafi a ci-gaba cutar. Bugu da kari a wadannan bincike hanyoyin sukan yi amfani da tuberculin fata gwajin, wanda aka kira a kowa Mantoux dauki.

Babban maƙasudin a zabi da magani daga mãsu haƙuri kewaye ne ya yi nazarin miyagun ƙwayoyi juriya, watau. E. The ji na ƙwarai daga mycobacteria al'ada girma a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, to medicamentous shirye-shirye.

Yau, babban Hanyar magani da tarin fuka a cikin ni'imar jiyya ga tarin fuka, wanda yake shi ne multicomponent. Rarrabe ternary, quaternary da quinary magani regimen.

Ternary zane kwakwalwa gaba da yin amfani da uku na asali kwayoyi - "streptomycin" "INH" da kuma para-aminosalicylic acid (Efes). Wannan makirci ne da wani classic, duk da haka, yana da wuya amfani a yau saboda high yawan guba na Efes. A hanya amfani chetyrohkomponentnoy "Rifampicin" ( "Rifabutin") "INH" "Pyrazinamide" "Ethambutol". Mutane da yawa likita cibiyoyin amfani da ko da mafi m dabara - biyar-a makirci da cewa, a cikin Baya ga sama hudu da kwayoyi da cewa amfani da "Ciprofloxacin".

Dole ne in ce cewa tarin fuka - wani insidious cuta, domin da ci gaban ne tubercle bacillus sa a cikin jikin mutum. Magani ya kamata a nan da nan da kuma daidai, saboda in babu mutuwa daga cutar far kammala 50% na lokuta. Mutuwa sakamako na faruwa a cikin 'yan shekaru daga farkon na aiki zamani da cutar. Sauran 50% na lokuta haifar da wani nau'i na kullum da cutar. Bugu da ƙari, haƙuri, wanda ya bayyana a kullum da tarin fuka ne m ga wasu, kamar yadda da karin bayanai na mycobacteria a cikin yanayi.

rigakafin

M matakan da tarin fuka a yau za a iya dangana, watakila, da BCG maganin wanda ya kamata kare da daya daga cikin mafi m siffofin da tarin fuka - tuberculous meningitis. A cewar {rigakafin Daukaka, alurar riga kafi yaro har yanzu a asibiti a lokacin da farko 3-7 kwanaki na rayuwa. Next, a 7 da kuma 14, yana da za'ayi a karkashin yanayin kara amfani korau Mantoux dauki kuma babu contraindications.

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Zherena) ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako, amma m alurar riga kafi da tarin fuka da aka ba su yarda a duk ƙasashe na duniya, shi duka dogara a kan matakin da tarin fuka a cikin yankin. A 'yan watanni bayan alurar riga kafi a allura site fata dauki bayyana - a kananan hatimi.

Maganin alurar riga kafin yaro ne contraindicated a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• yanã yanyanka kamu immunodeficiency, kazalika a cikin iyali yana da wani jariri fuska, wahala daga wannan cuta.
• da kuma 'yan'uwa da jariri rikitarwa bayyana bayan wannan alluran.
• da yaro, akwai nakasar lahani na tsakiya m tsarin.

Alurar riga kafi ya kamata a jinkirtar idan:

• da yaro ba donoshen,
• ya samu wani cutar,
• da uwa tasa, da yaro ne daban-daban RH factor.

Yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa baro cuta sa da tubercle bacillus. Dining mutum haƙuri a cikin far bukatar ya zama lafiya da kuma daidai. Kauce wa wuce kima amfani da m abinci. A assimilation na abinci a da majinyatan tarin fuka ne da wuya. Wannan shi ne saboda da ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin MTB Kwayoyin - Shell ya ƙunshi mai yawa na mai. A mutumin da Pathology yana bukatar abinci mai arziki a cikin sunadarai, carbohydrates, bitamin da kuma microelements.

Don rage girman da alama na farko kamuwa da cuta a cikin gida, shi wajibi ne a kula da kyau sirri kiwon lafiya, da suke ciyarwa karin lokaci a waje, rataya woolen da kuma auduga kayayyakin a rana.