AZLK mota shuka: tarihi, kayayyakin da ban sha'awa facts

Cars "Moskvich" ci gaba da ya hau kan hanyoyi duk kan tsohon Tarayyar Soviet, yayin da AZLK shuka ya dade da aka hukumance daina aiki. Moscow Automobile Shuka mai suna bayan Lenin Komsomol samar da dama Lines Motoci, wanda ya zama almara. A yiwuwa ga m kananan-kawar da motoci sun alamar, amma abin takaici, da tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki shi ne ba a cikin ni'imar da mota masana'antu.

A labarin fara da "Ford"

Tarihi AZLK shuka fara da ra'ayoyi da kuma manyan tsare-tsaren. A yanke shawarar gina wani mota da kamfanonin da aka yi a shekara ta 1925, da sauri sami wani wuri domin nan gaba giant. A farko shirya damar shuka ya hada da samar da 10 dubu mota raka'a da watan. Kafin gina kwangila da aka sanya hannu tare da kamfanin "Ford" a kan fasaha da shawara da kuma kayayyaki na tsawon shekaru hudu 74 dubu kaya ga taron jama'a a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A yi na farko gini da shuka fara a cikin bazara na shekara ta 1929 da kuma hunturu yi site sanar da tura.

The main ma'aikata gini da aka sa a cikin aiki a watan Nuwamba 1930. Sa'an nan da mota factory shi ne na farko da sunan: "Jihar taro shuka mai suna Kim." M Sahaban raguwa "Kim" tsaye ga "kwaminis Matasa International". A samar da sake zagayowar daga cikin sha'anin kunshi mota taro, taro na sassan jiki, zanen, riveting Frames da oboyki. Baya daga cikin babban aiki har 1933 gyara na mota motocin (matsakaici, nauyi) a waje da ikon yinsa, daga cikin samar. A 1932, AZLK shuka ƙware da samar da injuna domin aikin gona kayan (harvesters).

Gorky reshe

A 1932 taron dasa su. Kim ya gyara saki kaya manufa Gaz-AA motocin, kayayyakin gyara kawota ta Gorky Automobile Shuka. A general, da shekara-shekara samar da sufurin kaya daukan 30% na jimlar samar. A karkashin angarorin na gas shuka AZLK shiga a matsayin wani affiliate a 1933. Samar iya aiki da aka canjawa wuri zuwa cikakken samar da manyan motoci Gaz-AA, injuna domin harvesters. Na'urorin haɗi na shagunan taro dasa su. CMM kawota ta m kera.

A ci gaba da jama'a domin su buƙaci ya karu taro-line damar zuwa 60 dubu motoci a kowace shekara. Har ila yau, a samar da tsare-tsaren da aka a saki wani sabon fasaha: da kyautata tsarin Gaz-AA, sanshi a matsayin "lori" da farko fasinja mota M-1. Don cimma manufofin a cikin lokaci daga 1935 manyan sikelin-maimaitawa aka za'ayi zuwa 1937. samar da tsare-tsaren da aka bita, da kuma taro na motocin fasinja a cikin Moscow reshe na Gaz ƙiya.

A farko subcompact Kim

A 1939, AZLK shuka zama mai zaman kanta samarwa kamfanin inda wani babban-sikelin maimaitawa wurare don dalili na yi hira da samar da kananan motoci. Asali an shirya, don samar da 50 dubu motoci a kowace shekara. zane da kuma matukin jirgi shuka da aka kafa domin aiki na da sha'anin.

A farko fasinja minicar Kim-10-50 bar taron jama'a layi a watan Afrilu 1940. A farko motoci dauki bangare a cikin May Day zanga-zanga. Bugu da kari a saki sabon motocin a farkon 1941 a shuka da aka shigar ƙarin Lines da kuma ƙware da samar da watsa gudu for nauyi babur fasaha.

shekaru na yaki

Tun Yuli 1941 samar da gaba daya tuba zuwa soja samar. Na farko domin ya saki yadi bawo ga almara "Katyusha". Jamus gaba wajen babban birnin kasar tilasta Soviet gwamnatin fitad da yawancin dabarun Enterprises. AZLK shuka a watan Oktoba 1941, aka koma zuwa birnin Sverdlovsk, inda aka haɗa zuwa wani tanki factory. A kan tushen da daidaituwa da aka kaddamar Tank fasahar, bawo for jirgin sama batura.

A karshe ci tank factory lambar 37 da kuma taron shuka su. Kim ya faru a 1942. A sabon kamfanin da aka mai suna "Shuka № 50", specialization ne samar da gearboxes ga tankuna. A sauran lokuta da Moscow shuka da aka za'ayi gyara na tank injuna zuwa daga gaban. Da kawar da shuka ya fara a 1943 da kuma dade har 1944.
A halin yanzu, sãshensu waliyyai ne ya fara isar da motoci a kan ara-haya shirin, kuma suna bukatar gyara. A kan tushen da m Enterprises daga Moscow, an yanke shawarar bude auto sassa factory, inda ake bukata don Master samar da 83-daban na kayayyakin gyara ga fasinja motoci na kasashen waje - "Studebaker", "Dodge" da sauransu. Tare da wannan aiki cikin nasara sun jimre shuka har zuwa karshen yakin.

babban rabo Tarurrukan

A May 1945, nan da nan bayan da yaki, da Soviet gwamnatin rayar da ra'ayin saki na kananan motoci a karkashin iri sunan "Moskvich". gina "Moscow shuka na kananan motoci," su a cimma burin. Da farko samfur fasinja mota zama "Opel yar jam'iyyar kadet C-38." A farko subcompact motoci samar a Jamus kayan aiki shigo cikin kasar a kan reparations yarjejeniya. Soviet taro samar da motoci fara tare da model "Moskvich-400" a shekarar 1947. A 1959, da mota da aka tsara da iri M-444 bisa na "Fiat 600" samfur shuka a cikin zane ofishin. A karkashin sunan "Zaporozhets" shi ya fara nuna a Zaporozhye Automobile Shuka.

A shekarar 1962, AZLK shuka fara samar da fasinja mota model na M-407, da kuma a shekarar 1964 aka kaddamar da serial samar da mota M-408 sedan irin. A sittin na karshe karni na MZMA kasance cike da yi, nasarori da kuma sabon tsare-tsaren. A shekarar 1966, taron line mota shuka tafi jubili 100th "Moskvich" model M-408. Sa'an nan shuka AZLK ga nasara aiki a bidi'a da farkon aiwatar da tsare-tsaren da aka bayar da Order of Red Banner na Labor. A daidai wannan lokaci, shirin da aka soma ga na gaba maimaitawa samar iya aiki, saiti a fadada samar da kara samar da motoci har zuwa dubu ɗari biyu da motocin a kowace shekara.

A 1967 kamfanin ya kaddamar da sabon tsarin na mota model M-412, da kuma kadan daga baya a shekara guda, daga cikin mota factory ƙofar tafi milyan "Moskvich". Tare da kara samar da shuka injiniyoyi fara aiki tada matakin na aminci da motoci, aka jarrabi domin ƙarfi (hadarin gwaje-gwaje). Domin hayayyafa aikin factory da ma'aikatan aka bayar tare da Red Banner.

A shekarar 1968, a matsayin wani bangare na fadada daga samar da wuraren da aka gina wani sabon hadaddun a yankin na yadi ma'aikata, da kuma a kan Oktoba 25 a wannan shekara, da Moscow shuka na kananan motoci samu wani sabon sunan: AZLK Factory (Moscow).

racing gangamin

A karo na farko a cikin avtomarafone motoci "Moskvich" halarci 1968. A mahaya koro 16,000 kilomita a kan hanyar zuwa birnin London - Sydney Car model M-412, da kuma lashe karo na hudu wuri a cikin tawagar standings. Rating cikin gida mota masana'antu ya karu da cika fuska, da kuma shahararsa motoci, wanda ake samar da shuka "Moskvich" AZLK samu ikon yinsa, nuna a cikin ƙãra fitarwa girma.

A gaba taron, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1970, a kan matsaloli kasance mafi tsanani, kuma jimlar tsawon na hanya London - Mexico amounted zuwa 26 kilomita dubu. Automobile direbobi tawagar dauki kawai uku wurare a cikin tawagar standings: na biyu, na uku da na hudu. A Nuwamba gasar a wannan shekara kawo shuka wani haske nasara: Belgium ƙungiya a kan "Moskvich" M-412 ya dauki mafi girman mataki na podium a haduwa "Tour de Belgique".

Rasha racers AZLK tawagar lashe na farko da wuri a 1971 domin da nassi daga cikin waƙa a cikin gangamin "Tour de Europa" da kuma lashe Gold Cup. A 1973, gudanar da gangamin a duniya-aji "Safari-73", da aka gudanar a Afirka ta Yamma, da ma'aikata tawagar yi uku mota model M-412, da kuma aka ranked farko. New nasara domin lashe zinariya da azurfa da kofuna waɗanda aka samu a watan Oktoba na shekarar 1974 domin da nassi daga cikin hanya "Tour na Turai-74" tsawon na 15 kilomita dubu.

The matsaloli na shirya tattalin arzikin

A seventies sun tsawon flowering shuka. A watan Agusta na shekarar 1974, kamfanin samar da biyu milyan mota. Aikawa motoci da za'ayi a cikin fiye da saba'in kasashen duniya, wakiltar wani babban rabo daga cikin jimlar} asashensu. Fara na fitarwa ba a fara a 1948, da kuma a 1977 da milyan kwafin da aka aiko zuwa yanzu kasashen waje.

A daidai wannan lokacin a cikin zane sashen AZLK aka ɓullo da prototypes na gaba daya sabon model na kananan-kawar da motoci. Amma shirya kayan aiki ga tattalin arzikin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet sun ma amfani da tsauraran matakan a yanke shawara da kuma aiki da kwarara sun m model na kayan aiki. Wannan ƙwarai rage da gasa, kayan fitarwa fadi zuwa 20,000 a shekara zuwa farkon eighties. Bukatun gida ma fadi.

Abubuwa fara canza ga mafi alhẽri kawai a cikin tsakiyar 80s. matakai don inganta ingancin da aka sanya, cewa ya rage ga da'awar saki mota model M-2140. A cikin zamani na shuka da aka za'ayi, kuma a shekarar 1986 ya fara samar da wani sabon tsarin na samfurin M-2141.

A shekarar 1987 godu AZLK tare da AvtoVAZom qaddamar da ci gaban gida mota da fetur da kuma dizal sanyi tare da engine 1.8-1.9 lita. Don kammala fasaha kamalar da engine da aka ƙulla da su yi aiki tare da Birtaniya kamfanin "Ricardo". Amma aikin ya ba da aka cikakken aiwatar saboda da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. All biya domin rance samu a karkashin kwangila line kafa a AZLK balance.

Ƙulli daga cikin sha'anin

A farko kalaman na rikicin farkon 90s samu AZLK cike da al'amurra da kuma nasarori. Create wani shirin aiwatar da gyare-gyare ga samar da model na "Muscovites" M-2143, M-2141, M-2336. Amma duk wannan ba a cika saboda rashin ku] i. Haifar da "Muscovites" tushe model M-2141, kuma ta hanyar mu'ujiza gudanar da kaddamar da taro samar da mota sama-sama na M-2335. Don fitarwa zuwa kasashen yammacin Turai a cikin nineties saki jam'iyyar inji model M-2141-135.

Tun da farkon nineties, mota samarwa an ragewa, samar Lines rago a 1996. 1997 jũna a numfashi rayuwa a cikin shuka ya samu goyon bayan Moscow gwamnati, a shirin na ingantawa da kuma ci gaban samar, ya yanke shawarar ba da motoci da injuna "Renault". Har zuwa karshen shekarar 1997 aka saki jam'iyyar kayan gyara da model M-2141 "Yuri Dolgoruky" da kuma M-214 241 "Prince Vladimir" da kuma da dama sauransu. A farkon rabin shekarar 1998, da shuka ya daina zama marasa amfani baki ɗaya.

Amma tsoho, wanda ya faru a watan Agusta 1998, koro kamfanin a cikin asarar gaba daya hana aiki babban birnin kasar. A 2001, da shuka saki kawai 0,81 dubu. Cars, shi aka zahiri tsayawa aiki. More AZLK factory ba ci gaba aiki. Amma da ƙasa, wanda housed almara kamfanin, an har yanzu dangantaka da sunan sha'anin AZLK :. Shuka adireshin - Moscow, Volgograd Prospect, 40. hukuma, kamfanin da aka narkar a 2010.

jeri

Bisa dukan lokaci na tarihi, da kamfanin ya na da dama da sunayen, wanda aiki a matsayin da take da mota. A Chronology na batun da jeri na mota shuka AZLK:

• 1930-1940 shekaru, "Ford", jerin A (sedan), truck "Ford" Series AA, Series truck Gaz AA kuma Gaz-A sedan. Model Kim -10-50 sedans da Kim - 10-52, 10-51 KIM- canzawa.
• 1947-1956 shekaru: M sedans -400-420, M-401-420, van M-400-422, canzawa M-400-420A.
• 1956-1965 shekaru: taron M-420, M-407, M-403, M-dabaran-drive sedan-410 da kuma M-410N. Fe: M-423, M-423N, M-424, M-dabaran drive wagon 411.
• 1964 -1988 shekaru. Sedan: M-408, M-412, M-2138, M-2140, M-2140-117. Universal M-426, M-427, M-2136, M-2137. Pick-up: M-2315. Van: M-433, M-434, M-2733, M-2734.
• 1986-2001 shekaru. Fe: M-2141, M-2141-02 "Svjatogor" M-2141-R5 «Yuri Dolgorukiy". Sedan: M-2142, M-2142-02 "Svjatogor" M-2142-R5 «Prince Vladimir," M-2142-S «Ivan Kalyta". Van: M-2901, M 2901-02 "Svyatogor". Pick-up: M-2335, M-2335-02 "Svyatogor". Santa Fe: M-2142-SO «Duet".

yau

Tsohon factory AZLK yanzu ana rayayye ci gaba. Tun shekara ta 2017, na gida municipalities suna da hakkin su ci gaba da masana'antu zones a kan kansa himma. Yau da dama gine-gine na shuka ba kama da wani abu a kan mota masana'antu giant. Yanzu a nan ne m kananan samarwa ga yi na LEDs, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, yi kayan. A cikin yankunan sha'anin, a cikin na uku Zobe Road, da masu shirya gina ofishin, kasuwanci da kuma zama gine-gine.

Amma duk da haka da yankin AZLK shuka iya har yanzu ji da hayaniyar mota taro shuke-shuke. M siyayya tara motoci a karkashin "Renault" iri. A 2015, da shuka "Renault Rasha" a cikin Rasha Patent Office samu aikace-aikace da tarihi alama da shuka AZLK watakila wani ƙoƙari na rãyar da almara mota model a zamani fassarar. A owner daga cikin alamar kasuwanci ce "Moskvich" a lokacin da har 2021 ne wani kamfani "Volkswagen".

Shi ne ba tukuna da maimaitawa na kasarta da shuka, da kuma, idan kana so ka gani tsohon giant baya a lokacin, ko kuma don gina sabon shirin zuwa ziyarci wurin inda haife m subcompact - AZLK Factory (Moscow). Adireshi shi mai sauki ne: Volgograd prospectus, gine-gine 40-42.