ATX nau'i factor: bayanin, halaye da fasali

Kwamfuta ta fasaha yana tasowa. Halin na'urorin, girman su da fasaha suna canzawa. Yau zamu yi la'akari da irin wannan ra'ayi a matsayin nau'i nau'i, da kuma nau'in ATX - mafi shahararrun kuma mashahuri.

Factor Form

Don zuwa batun labarin, dole ne ka fahimci manufar mahimmanci. Nau'in nau'i shine daidaitaccen kayan IT. Tare da taimakonsa zaka iya ƙayyade yawan na'ura, mahimman bayanai na fasaha, samun samfuran ƙarin, wurin su.

Yanzu, yana magana akan nau'i nau'i, mutane suna tunawa da katako. A baya, wannan lokacin yana dacewa da wayar tarho, kayan sadarwar da wasu kayan aikin PC.

Idan aka la'akari da wannan nau'i nau'i ne mai daidaitaccen ra'ayi, an kira shi sigogi masu bada shawara. Wato, godiya ga alƙawari, wanda ke nuna wani nau'i nau'i, yana yiwuwa a tsara zabin da ya dace da ƙarin sigogi. Masu haɓaka suna ƙoƙari su ɗauki daidaitattun don ba da jagorancin su lokacin ƙirƙirar abin da ya dace.

Daban-daban

Matsayin ATX ba shi ne kawai daidaitattun abubuwan da aka gyara ba. Amma wannan zaɓi shine a buƙatar yawan samar da PC. Ya fara ganin duniya a shekara ta 1995, kuma Intel ta zama maƙerin wannan gine. A baya, akwai XT, AT da kuma Baby-AT, wanda tun daga 1983 ya gabatar da IBM.

Hanyoyin ATX sun haifar da bayyanar yanayin da aka gyara. Fara don bayyana siffofin da aka raba, tare da ƙananan ramummuka da ƙananan ƙananan. A shekara ta 2005, an tsara fasaha ta wayar tarho, wanda aka gyara don masu sarrafawa, an ci gaba.

Kwamfuta na kwakwalwa sun fara ba da wasu kayan aiki na wasu ka'idodi. Fara fara bayyana allon da aka yi amfani da su a masana'antu masu ƙananan. Irin waɗannan gyare-gyare na daidaitattun sun zama sananne tun 2004. Daftarin ATX ya sake sakewa a SSI CEB, DTX, BTX, da dai sauransu.

ATX

Wannan nau'i mai nauyin ya zama sanannen tun 1995, amma mafi yawan tartsatsi tun shekara ta 2001. Tsarin ya zama rinjaye a aikin PC. Ba zai shafi nauyin jirgi ko sauran bangaren ba. ATX ya nuna daidaitattun PSU, ƙwaƙwalwar PC, wuri na ramummuka da haɗi, siffar da wuri na ramummuka, da tsaftacewa da sigogi na PSU.

Kamfanin Intel na dogon lokaci yana tunani game da abin da ya kamata ci gaba da siffar factor AT. A shekara ta 1995, masu ci gaba sun gabatar da sabuwar ATX. Bugu da ƙari, wannan kamfani, sauran masana'antun, waɗanda suka ba da kayan aikin OEM, sunyi tunani game da canza yanayin da ba a dade ba. Bayan sababbin sababbin waɗanda suka kawo wa ɗayan mata da kuma BP.

Don duk lokacin wanzuwar bayani 12 an bar shi. Matsayin nau'i na ATX daidai ne: a millimeters - 305 x 244, in inci - 12 x 9.6. An gyara fasalin da aka saki a karkashin sunayensu daban-daban a kan ATX, amma yana da bambance-bambance a wurin da ke cikin tashar jiragen ruwa, da girman girma, da sauransu.

Don haka, a shekarar 2003, Intel ya so ya aiwatar da BTX. Wannan sabon tsarin ya fi dacewa sanyaya tsarin komfutar PC. Masu haɓakawa sun so su cire sannu a hankali daga kasuwanni ATX, wanda ke goyan bayan babban zafi a cikin tsarin tsarin. Amma ko da haɗari, kamar overheating na dukan tsarin, bai taimaka wajen nasarar canja tsarin a kan BTX.

Mafi yawan masana'antun sun ki karba shi, yayin da ragewar shingen wutar lantarki ya nuna sakamako mai kyau, kuma a nan gaba ana iya yiwuwa a cimma sakamako mai kyau yayin da yake kwantar da lamarin kuma ba tare da canza daidaitattun ba. A sakamakon haka, ta 2011 ya zama a fili cewa babu buƙatar maye gurbin wakilin ATX.

Babban canje-canje

Saboda haka ci gaba mai ban sha'awa a cikin wannan yanki bai dace ba. Mai amfani ya taɓa yin canje-canje masu yawa game da version na AT. An samar da na'ura ta hanyar motherboard. An yi aiki a kan aikin koda lokacin da yake kashewa. Mahaifiyar tana samar da aikin mai sarrafawa da kuma wasu na'urorin haɗi.

Ya zama mai yiwuwa a maye gurbin fan tare da mafi girma kuma sanya shi a kan ƙananan wutar lantarki. Jirgin iska ya zama mafi iko kuma ya rufe wasu abubuwa a cikin tsarin tsarin. Canza yawan canje-canje, da kuma yadda ya kamata, da kuma motsawa. Yawancin lokaci, akwai yiwuwar sanya siginan wutar lantarki a ƙasa.

Bayar da wutar lantarki

Canja siffar nau'in ya kawo canji a cikin tsarin mai haɗin wutar. An haifar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin tsarin da aka rigaya an haɗa nau'in haɗin kai guda biyu an haɗa su zuwa ramummuka ba tare da dasu ba, saboda abin da tsarin ya rushe. A yayin karuwar ikon amfani, ya zama dole don ƙara yawan lambobin wutar lantarki. Masu haɓakawa suka fara da 20, daga bisani suka zama mafi girma, kuma wasu masu haɗi sun bayyana.

Ƙungiyar Tsarin Gida

Ƙungiyar ke dubawa ta zama karba. Tun da farko akwai shinge na keyboard, kuma an sanya katunan fadada a cikin ramuka na musamman. Nau'in factor ATX ya kara zuwa slot don filin keyboard don mai sadarwa. Yankin kyauta ya shagaltar da "slot" ta tsakiya na girman girman, inda masu ci gaba suka sanya raƙuman da suka dace.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki

Bugu da ƙari, gaskiyar cewa akwai nau'i nau'i nau'in ATX, za ka iya samun BP na wannan daidaitattun. Tun da ci gaba da tsarin ya kasance shekaru tara, a wannan lokacin masu ci gaba sunyi ƙoƙari ba kawai don canza mai haɗawa ba, amma kuma suyi dacewa da siffofin da suka gabata.

Saboda haka, da farko an yi amfani da mai haɗi da lambobin wutar lantarki 20. Wannan zaɓi ya kasance sananne kafin bayyanar mahaifiyarta tare da bashi na PCI-Express. Sa'an nan kuma mai haɗawa da lambobi 24. Don wannan zaɓi an goyan baya da kuma tsofaffin sifofin, "lambobi" 4 zasu iya cirewa, kuma hukumar zata aiki tare da ashirin.

Cnges Canje-canje

Lokacin da sabon na'urorin Pentium 4 da Athlon 64 suka fara bayyana, dole ne a sake sabunta ka'idar zuwa 2.0. Don haka, mahaifiyar ta fara buƙatar bas na bashi 12. Rashin wutar lantarki, wanda ATX ya ƙunshi factor ya sake sabunta na biyu, shine ya karbi mai haɗawa na ƙarin. Don haka akwai ƙarin haɗin haɗi don ƙarin lambobi 4.

Bayan wannan, bambance-bambancen karatu tare da lambobin sadarwa masu wuya sun fara bayyana. Alal misali, an kira mai haɗin maƙalli 24 + 4 + 6 don mahaifiyar da ta karbi manyan tashoshin PCI-E 16x. Hakanan 24 + 4 + 4 a hakika yana da ƙarin maƙalli 8, wanda ya ƙunshi raga biyu na 4. Saboda haka, an yi amfani da ita don mahaifiyar da ke da amfani da karfi.

Wannan bayani tare da haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin lambobi 4 shi ne saboda ba a raunana mai amfani don haɗa samfurin zuwa tsofaffiyar mata ba. Sabili da haka, an cire maɓallin ɗaya daga ɗayan, kuma mun sami waya 24 + 4-pin.

Gidaje

Baya ga motherboard da PSU, da kuma corpus yana da daidaituwa. ATX nau'in factor a cikin wannan yanayin shine mafi zamani kuma ya dace da motherboards na wannan tsari. Irin wannan gidaje yana da sauƙin samun dama ga kowane gefe na ciki. Da kyau samun iska cikin ciki. Bayar da ku don shigar da kwamiti mai cikakken girman ɗaya.

A duk da wannan sunan, a cikin ATX shasi za a iya sanya motherboard micro-ATX format. A taƙaice game da wannan misali, za mu ƙara magana.

Karamin sifa

Nau'in factor micro-ATX ya bayyana kadan daga baya fiye da daidaitattun ka'ida - a shekarar 1997. Tsarin katakon wannan tsarin shine 244 x 244 mm. An tsara bambance-bambancen don masu sarrafawa tare da haɗin ginin x86 da aka rigaya.

A tsarin halitta, an yanke shawarar adana kayan lantarki da na injiniya tare da daidaitattun baya. A sakamakon haka, babban mahimmanci shine girman allon, yawan ramummuka da haɗin keɓaɓɓe. An saki Micro-ATX a kasuwa tare da katin bidiyon da aka kunshi, ta haka yana nuna ainihin manufar wannan daidaitattun. Kwamfutar da ke da irin wannan nau'i suna dace da aiki na ofis kuma ba a tsara su don ayyukan wasanni ba, tun lokacin da aka kirkiro katin zane-zane yana da mediocre.

Wasu zaɓuɓɓuka

Bugu da ƙari, ATX da micro-ATX, akwai nau'i mai nauyin mini-ATX, wanda yanzu ba za'a iya samuwa a ko'ina ba. Girmanta shine 284 x 208 mm. Akwai kuma FlexATX, wanda ya auna 244 x 190 mm. Wannan gyare-gyaren yana da sauƙi kuma yana ba wa mai sana'a damar magance matsalolin da yawa.

Don haka, zai iya zaɓar girman da wuri na PSU. Kasancewa cikin canje-canje da aka danganta da sababbin fasaha masu sarrafawa. Amma wannan zaɓi ba zai iya "yaƙar" tare da ATX ba kuma ya kasance a bango.