Artem Mikoyan (jirgin sama): biography, photos

Soviet MiG mayakan an sani a duniya. Me ya sa suka kira da kuma wanda yake wani jirgin sama zanen suka qirqiro da jirgin sama? Artem Mikoyan (1905-1970) - Soviet da jirgin sama, dan'uwan da sanannun siyasa Anastas Mikoyan, Tarayyar Soviet - da kuma m Mikhail Gurevich jirgin sama ne da halitta na wadannan mayaka. Kuma sunan ya zo daga Fusion na farko haruffa daga cikin sunayen da marubutan da kalmar "da kuma". Wannan talifin zai yi magana game da rayuwa da kuma aiki da tsohon. Masu karatu za su yi sha'awar su san yadda za ta zama wani jirgin sama zanen Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan.

A tarihin rayuwar: yarantaka

A 1905, a cikin m dutsen kauyen Sanahin, wanda ya a Borchali gundumar Tiflis lardin, wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire (a yau Sanahin - gundumar Alaverdi, Armenia), an haife shi da wani yãro, wanda aka mai suna Anushavan. Iyalinsa 'ya'ya da yawa. Ya kasance ƙarami yaro na kafinta Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan, wanda ya yi aiki a gida smelter da Talidy Otarovna - uwargida. A cikin ilimin da yaro da hannu da kuma mazan yara, musamman wa Anastas - nan gaba sanannun siyasa, jam'iyyar da kuma jihar shugabannin Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, Mikoyan Artem Ivanovich - jirgin sama - da yara ciyar a kan duwatsu, inda ya ƙaunace su tsayar da jirgin na gaggafa, steamed up a cikin sama. Wani wuri a cikin shekaru 5 da ya taimaka m garke awaki da tare da wani garke a duwãtsu.

samuwar

Firamarensa Artem Mikoyan samu a wani kauye makaranta Sanahin, wanda aka located a cikin eponymous tsoho Kirista sufi - Armenian cibiyar al'adu a yankin. Bayan kwatsam da mutuwar uban Talida Otarovna yanke shawarar gane ƙaramin ɗan cikin Ikklesiya Armenian makaranta a Tbilisi. Ya sauke karatu daga shi a 1918. Bayan da ya koma ƙasarsa kauyen da kuma, kamar mazan ɗan'uwansa, zama sha'awar gwagwarmaya, ya shiga cikin Sun kwaminis League da aka ma nada shugaban na gida Komsomol. Bayan 'yan shekaru da Anastas Mikoyan aka nada sakataren kwamitin tsakiya na Kudu maso Gabas ofishin na CP. Nan da nan bayan da aka nada ya yi kira ƙanensa wa Rostov.

aikin Experience

Isa a Rasha, Artem Mikoyan shiga factory makaranta "Krasny Aksay", inda ya fara karatu a Turner, sa'an nan ya dauki wani aiki a wani gida factory. Next, ya kasance a cikin jirgin nazarinsa. Domin a yayin da, ya honed ya skills, amma gane cewa shi bazai ya sadaukarwa.

A wata kalma, Artem Mikoyan, wanda biography da aka gabatar a wannan labarin, ilmantuwa ilimi da kuma samun su, ya yanke shawarar zuwa Moscow. A nan sai ya samu wani factory "kungiyar Dinamo" - na farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet lantarki kamfanin. A nan ne ya canza sunansa zuwa Artem Anushavan kuma patronymic Ovanesovich - to Ivanovic.

Ya kasance haka duka ya shiga a cikin aikinsa da cewa bai same lokaci domin kudin shiga ga kowane jami'a. Amma shuka, ya samu wani rai da ilimi da kuma riba m kwarewa a madaidaci. A Moscow Artem kwana harbe daga sarkin ƙofa kuma barci a zahiri a karkashin washbasin.

A halin yanzu, yayansa Anastas riga gudanar da wani babban matsayi a gwamnatin, amma junior ba da damar kansa juya zuwa gare shi tare da bukatar samar da shi tare da gidaje. A cikin iyali da shi ba a karɓa: kowa da kowa so ya zama m, kuma ba cũtar da bukatar wani. Artem Anastas kawai rubuta cewa yana cikin Moscow, samu aiki da ya ke duk dama.

Bauta a cikin rundunar sojojin

A karshen 1928 A. Mikoyan aka girke a cikin Red Army da aka aika zuwa garin Livny, sa'an nan, wa ni'ima, aka sanya wa Soja Ivanovo Hawan Yesu zuwa sama School a birnin Orel. Bayan kammala aikin soja, ya miƙa zauna a makaranta kuma sami horar da sojoji, amma ya ƙi, kuma kõma zuwa ga baya ayyukan. Amma wannan lokaci a cikin "kwampreso".

kira

Tare da wannan shuka, ya ya iya shiga cikin Air Force Academy suna bayan N. Zhukovsky. A karshe, ya zo ga mafarki na da yara. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, da Faransa sanya gaggawa saukowa jirgin sama a ƙasarsa ta kauye. Village boys, cikinsu da Anushavan, gudu zuwa dubi giant tsuntsu-na'ura. Little Anush (kamar yadda aka kira a takaice kusa) jarrabawa kallo da Bafaranshe Mechanical delved cikin wani Flying na'ura, da kuma ko da ya isa ya je kusa. Kuma ya ga glowing idanu na yaron, ya kira shi kusa da bari a ga "ciki" mu'ujiza tsuntsu.

Up har sai da ya kasance a cikin Air Force Academy, cikin mafarki na taba ya bar jirgin sama. Kuma yanzu shi ne kawai dalibi a kasar na ma'aikata inda za ka iya koyi da sana'a na jirgin sama injiniyoyi. A matsayin na uku-shekara dalibi na Academy, sake ya tabbatar a muradinsa Artem Mikoyan: jirgin sama - wannan shi ne wani sana'a, wanda ya so ya yi duk rayuwarsa. A 1935 da ya shige horon a Jami'ar Kharkov. Ga shi aka farko kunshe a cikin zane ofishin, kuma ya ya iya shiga a cikin shiri na jirgin sama, da gwaji model HAI-1.

Independent aiki: halarta a karon a matsayin zanen

Bayan ya dawo daga Kharkov Artem Mikoyan da wani babban marmarin yin nasa aikin - samar da sabon jirgin sama amfani da haihuwa jirgin sama engine, wanda ya ba shi wani m Shitikov. Tare da abokai da kuma Pavlov Samarinym Artem tsara model wasanni tashi na'ura. Amma bayan da cewa sun iya ba tafi, saboda babu kudi, ba kayan aiki. Amma da suka gabatar zane na jirgin sama a kan Osoaviahima gudanar da wani a kasar hamayya. Wa ni'ima daga yara, da aikin da aka gane a matsayin mafi kyau, da kuma a wannan batun, da mambobi ne na juri, an yanke shawarar su ba da dama ga matasa designers, don gina wata zanga-zanga da kofe na wannan tashi na'ura.

Personal rai

A karshen cikin 30 na kasance wani rabo ga Mikoyan, ba kawai cikin sharuddan wani aiki, amma kuma a kan na sirri gaban. Ya hadu da wani kyakkyawan yarinya Zoe Lisitsina a ranar haihuwar jam'iyyar na abokinsa Gevorg Avetisyan. Tsakanin su biyo baya tausayawa, wanda daga baya ya girma a cikin soyayya. Bayan ya zabi amince iyali Artyom H. aure Zoya Ivanovna, sa'an nan da wani matashi iyali da aka kasaftawa a dakin a kabilu Apartment a kan Kirov Street. Akwai kuma koma su zauna Talida Otarovna. Daga baya, a cikin memoirs, Anastas Mikoyan rubuta game da 'yar da ta daidai Fitted cikin su Armenian iyali shi sosai irin da rungumar jama'a, masoyi Armenian hadisai. Af, ta kasance wani ma'aikaci na TASS.

m ayyuka

A. Mikoyan, bayan samun digiri, aka aika kamar yadda wani bincike mataimakin a cikin Design ofishin. Its kai shi ne shahararren jirgin sama zanen Nikolai Polikarpov. Ya ya riga ya saba da abunda aka kwaikwaya jirgin sama Mikoyan, wanda ta hanyar wannan lokaci ya riga an gina, da ake kira "Octobrist" da aka yi amfani dalilai na horo a Osoaviahima. Ya kama da alkawarin Artem jirgin sama da kuma hada shi a yin aiki a kan jirgin saman soja-15 kungiyar.

Polikarpov zarar ya gane cewa Mikoyan za a iya danƙa ba kawai don aiwatar da inganta data kasance model, amma kuma ci gaban da sababbi. Shi ne a cikin wannan kungiyar, Artem Ivanovich gana da Gurevich, wanda daga baya ya zama co-marubucin daga cikin shahararrun worldwide MiGs. Duk da haka, aiki a kan su fara kawai bayan A. Mikoyan aka nada a matsayin shugaban zane Ofishin shuka lambar 1 Osoaviahima. A nan ne ya iya zuwa aiki mafi kyau da a kan aiwatar da su da tsare-tsaren.

Artem Mikoyan MiG - mafi kyau daga cikin mafi kyau

Ganin cewa ya gudanar ya halicci gaskiya nasara a tarihin Soviet jirgin sama. Mig-1 shi ne na farko da jirgin sama taba gwada a full size a cikin iska rami. Wannan na nufi cewa lokaci na jirgin gwajin za a iya ƙwarai rage, da kuma jirgin sama kuzarin kawo cikas - yawa inganta. Kuma duk wannan an ƙaddara a lokacin da farko jirgin. All testers sun zo da wani na kowa Tsayawa akan matsayin cewa jirgin wanda yi ta fi gaban dukkan baya wadanda. Duk da haka, Artem Mikoyan - jirgin sama (photo ka gan shi a cikin labarin) - aka ba iyakance ga riga kafa da kuma nan da nan ɓullo da wani karin ci-gaba model, wanda aka mai suna da MiG-3. Shi ya zama mafi mashahuri jirgin sama a Soviet Air Force.

Great Patriotic War

Duk da haka, a lokacin da yaki ya zama a sarari cewa mu MiGs a wasu madaidaci baya zuwa Jamus da jirgin sama. Sa'an nan Mikoyan fara ga kyautata na jirgin sama ƙirƙira by shi. A shekarar 1942, shi riga yayi wani ƙarin iko model jirgin sama tare da engine AM-29. Duk da cewa shi gane mafi kyau, ya Mikoyan gane cewa fistan jirgin sama ba shi da wani nan gaba da kuma bukatar fito da wani abu gaba daya sabon. Kuma a sa'an nan ya zo da gaskiya cewa Soviet jirgin sama bukatar jirgin sama tare da jet injuna. Duk da haka, da su aiwatar da wannan shiri shi ne kawai bayan da yaki, ko da yake su ci gaba da aka sanya a cikin wuya yaki kwanaki. A shekarar 1946 ya gina da MiG-9 shi ne na farko taro-samar jet jirgin saman soja Tarayyar Soviet.

A peacetime,

A shekarar 1947, Mikoyan aka halitta da wani model - da MiG-15. Ta gwaje-gwaje da aka sanya a Korea a lokacin da yãƙi a cikin shekaru 1950-1953. Ya aka gane a matsayin mafi kyau jirgin saman soja na 40s. Kuma shi ba kawai inganta engine, amma kuma a cikin kibiya-dimbin yawa fuka-fuki. A sarari amfani da wannan jirgin sama shi ma wani matukin jirgi ejection wurin zama. Na dogon lokaci, da MiG-15 jirgin sama ya zauna da babban Soviet Air Force. Yana zama da aka sani da suna "jirgin sama-soja."

a ƙarshe

A. Mikoyan m shekaru sabon da kuma karin ci-gaba model na jirgin sama da aka ɓullo da. Sunansa ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin duniya. Bugawa model, ci gaba da shi, shi ne MiG-21, ko da yake halitta a kan tushen da ta ci gaba da MiG-25 a shekarar 1975, ya kafa wani tarihi a duniya, wanda har yanzu ya kasa doke. Artem Mikoyan ritaya tare da daraja na Kanar Janar. Sau biyu ya aka bayar da suna Hero of Socialist Labor. Ya mutu an yi fice a jirgin sama, a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1970. A kan bango na gidan inda yake da zama, shi da aka shigar da wani abin tunawa plaque.