Art of Gzhel: asalin da kuma ci gaban zamani kama kifi. Yadda za a zana gzhel?

A duniya na rare mai haske da kuma musamman, abin tunawa, kuma poetic art Gzhel. Mahalli daga rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma aljanna-labari haruffa, na fure kayayyaki, sanya da daban-daban inuwõyinta suna kusa, blue color a kan wani snow-fari bango, jawo hankalin da ido da kuma bewitch. Yana ba ya wanzu a duniya biyu m Gzhel abubuwa, ko na zama wani kofin, sugar kwano ko akushi, domin kowane daga cikinsu fentin da hannu da artist. Wannan talifin zai yi kokarin gaya game da tarihin kiwon kifi ci gaba, musamman zanen, wanda shi ne sanannen gzhel yadda za a zana ta alamu da inda mafi kyau don fara.

Inda zan samu shi?

Just 60 kilomita daga Moscow, a kan kogin Gzhelka, ne daɗaɗɗe kauyen Gzhel. Its sunan shi ya samu daga tsohon Rasha kalmar "zhgel", wanda yake nufin "don a ƙona." Muminai zauna waɗannan ƙasashe, gudanar ko da a cikin rayuwa ta zamani don adana su gargajiya hanyar rayuwa da kuma imaninsu.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Clay ya na daya masomin, ta hanyar abin da art Gzhel samo asali da kuma ci gaba ta hanyar ƙarni. Yana da yake a wadannan wurare suna located Gzhelian-Kudinovskoe ajiya na tsaurin lãka. Yan unguwa mined shi da kuma sa dole kayayyakinsa a cikin gida, Popular shi don faranta wa kanka da kuma wasu.

C XVII karni Gzhel lãka manoma aka aika zuwa Moscow Pharmaceutical umarni ga jihar bukatun. A cikin XVIII karni lãka daga wadannan wuraren taimaka wajen warware da tatsuniya na ain da kuma amfani da su haifar da farko Rasha kayayyakin daga gare ta.

A cikin XIX karni ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa da artists, aiki shi kadai, su a haɗe a cikin gona, da kuma mafi nasara bude nasu, albeit kananan, ma'aikata.

A juyin juya halin na 1917 ya hallaka gona da kuma shop, bar ba tare da aiki Masters Gzhel. Kawai a cikin 1933 aka kafa a kauyen Turygin Gzhel Ceramics Factory, wanda ya fara samar da kuma blue-fari, ba a canza launin kamar yadda kafin, mugs, faranti da sauran dole abubuwa zuwa Soviet jihar.

A postwar shekaru, jama'a craft ne rayayye masu tasowa. A cikin ayyukansu a lokacin da muka riga gani yadda art Gzhel, asalin da kuma ci gaban zamani kiwon kifi, daidaituwa da hada, ya kawo wani sabon matakin na fasaha na artists.

A shekara ta 1972, da samar da jam'iyya "Gzhel", kawo tare dukan data kasance a lokacin da samar.

Yadda aka yi?

Gzhel art fara da wani zane na gaba samfurin. A cewar shi, da musamman master modeller mold daga lãka model, wanda ya jefa wata filastar mold. Lokacin da ta taurare, shi ne a yanka lengthwise cikin biyu daidai sassa, kowanne daga abin da aka zuba cikin zamewa via roba tiyo - tsarkakakku lãka, diluted da ruwa. Bayan da bushewa da mold dauki fitar da samfurin tare da saura burbushi na haɗin suna cewa an kwace opravschitsami. Kwace batun da ke shiga cikin tanda, da zazzabi na 900 ⁰ C.

Kamar yadda Gzhel fentin?

Bayan wani zafi kuka shi ne lokaci zuwa zanen, wanda ta fara da translation juna, ƙirƙira da artist, a kan samfurin, kawota a kan revolving turnetku. The master yana daya kawai damar sake daidai ƙungiyoyi yi cikinsa, abin kõyi, saboda porous abu garwaya da tawada nan take. Spatula, goge, palette da kuma gilashin kwalba da baki oxide da cobalt - shi ke duk kayan aikin. Cobalt - musamman fenti ga zanen a kan tukwane. A lokacin da aikace-aikace da shi ne baki, canza launi zuwa blue kawai bayan harbe-harben. Zanen da daya da kuma kawai, amma mai haske blue inuwõyinta suna kusa, a gama - mai yawa! Wannan bambancin da aka samu ta hanyar da dabaru na musamman Gzhelian haruffa.

Features

Gzhel art nasa ne da ake kira underglaze zanen, cewa aka yi a kan kora shards kafin da ake ji da glaze a kan shi. Bayan da tsarin da ake amfani da, shi ne tsoma a cikin glaze, sa'an nan kora sake, amma a zazzabi na 1350 ⁰ C. The main hanyoyin da zanen ne m bugun jini, kyale don ƙirƙirar wani m miƙa mulki daga duhu blue zuwa dan kadan blue. The juna Forms m shafa, duka biyu m da kunkuntar, mirgina cikin wani bakin ciki line.

Yau za mu iya magana game da tsarin generated Gzhelian haruffa da kuma cewa halitta na musamman da kuma na musamman style - Gzhel.

iri

All iri-iri na Gzhel zanen rage ga m amfani da ta uku na asali iri:

• Shuka, depicting stylized kuma kowa yana da ganye, berries, ciyawa, ganye, da furanni, bouquets. Mafi sau da yawa master fentin wardi da daisies, furannin bi-rana da kuma furanni, poppies da dahlias, asters da peonies.
• Ado. Yana hada da wani iri-iri na "checkered", "antennae", "droplet", "lu'ulu'u" da "tsefe" - raga, amfani da su cika ciki sarari na manyan aka gyara, kamar wani da'irar ko wani star.
• Labari na. Wannan haruffa da kuma al'amuran daga tatsuniyoyi, da artist lura da halin da ake ciki a yau da kullum birane da karkara rai, da daban-daban a jihohin yanayi da shimfidar.

Kuma yadda za a zana shi?

Idan ka liking gzhel yadda za a zana shi, za mu nuna maka. Na farko, ba kawai kokarin zana babban kuma hadaddun abun da ke ciki. Mafi alhħrin, shirya fari da kuma shudi gouache, kurege buroshi da kuma da tulun ruwa, kokarin hannunka a cikin surar sauki madaidaiciya Lines, jijiyoyinmu da maki, ruwan wukake da ciyawa da kuma swirls, arcs. Sa'an nan, a lõkacin da duk wannan an ƙware, za ka iya fara koyi da asali shanyewar jiki a yi amfani da zanen. Kokarin yi tare da dansa ko 'yarsa a cikin zane dabara na "Gzhel". Ga yara, shi ne ba kawai fun, yana da mai girma m nisha! Wannan hadin gwiwa motsa jiki zai ba kawai haduwa da iyali da za ta samar da wata dama don sadarwa, amma kuma ya taimake ka yaro ci gaba lafiya motor basira da hannuwa, juriya, kallo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar.