Apricot a cikin Urals: namo da kuma kula

Ba sauki don samun m da zaki da 'ya'yan itace na kudancin itace, kamar apricot, a cikin Urals. Girma shi a cikin tsanani yanayin damina bukatar yarda da yawan takamaiman dokoki.

Features na namo

A lifespan na wani apricot a Ural yankin ne wajen short da bai wuce shekaru 20. Daga cikin wadannan m fruiting lokaci zuwa kalla rabin wannan lokaci. Saboda haka, don tabbatar da cewa shekara-shekara kwarara daga hasken rana 'ya'yan dama a kan rabo inda suke girma apricots, lokaci-lokaci implanting sabon itatuwa. Ba duk iri ne iya yin tsayayya da sanyi hunturu, lokacin da yanayin zafi isa 30-40 digiri.

A wuri zuwa ƙasar da ya kamata a zaba domin wannan thermophilic al'adu rana, unattainable ga sanyi arewacin iskõki. Sa'an nan, da kyau kula iya ba mai kyau girbi apricots a cikin Urals.

Grade su ya kamata a zabi daidai da yanayin halaye na yankin. Apricot ba ana nufin ƙasa da high haihuwa. Yana iya girma a kan lãka shafukan. Ba dace da shi kawai wani haske yashi ƙasa.

Selection na seedlings

Na bayar da muhimmanci ga nan gaba na amfanin gona yana da wani kewayon ingancin dasa kayan. Zai fi kyau dauki wani da kyau-raya seedlings na farko shekara na ci gaba. Hankali ya kamata a biya a su saye a kan rashi na spines, wanda suke peculiar kawai daji-girma iri.

Branches horar da jinsunan kamata ko da yaushe a lokacin farin ciki, da karamin karu wanda aka kafa a shafin na inoculation. Kada ku riƙi shuke-shuke da ãyõyin daskarewa da tushen tsarin ko da bushe m part. A alama cewa irin shuke-shuke dauki tushen, shi ne kusan ƙarancin.

dasa

Saba yi na dasa apricot a cikin Urals a cikin bazara, yayin da a lokacin bazara lokaci sapling zai samu karfi da kuma mafi alhẽri a shirye domin hunturu. Shawarar dasa rami dug a kaka, saboda haka cewa gona ya zaunar. Its size ya zama irin wannan cewa tushen tsarin na seedlings sauƙi daidai saba yi zurfin game da rabin mita, da kuma diamita - ba kasa da 70 santimita.

Apricot shuka a cikin Urals (girma shi ne shawarar zuwa yi da dukan bukatun da ake bukata) dole ku, lura da nisa tsakanin seedlings na akalla biyar mita. A kasar gona cakuda ya kamata kunshi da dama aka gyara. Shi ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, peat, da yumɓun, da yashi da kadan taki da kuma lemun tsami gari. Good ra'ayin don ƙara wani cakuda superphosphate da kuma ash (500 g kuma 2 kg, bi da bi).

A cikin tsakiyar saukowa rami hammered fegi da ake bukata domin nan gaba garter itatuwa a kusa da zuba tudun ƙasa mix. Kafin cewa a magudanun ruwa Layer ake bukata don shige, kamar yadda wanda zai iya zama a matsayin tsakuwa ko kananan duwatsu. Sai seedling aka sanya a cikin rami, da tushensa na hankali mike, kuma an rufe shi da duniya. Pre kafin dasa su a cikin ƙasa tsoma Mash. Tushen abin wuya kada ta kasance yawa binne shi ya zama sama da ƙasa matakin da kimanin 4 santimita. Shuka taye da kuma yadda za a zuba ruwa a kan periphery.

kula apricot

A cikin Urals, shi yana da muhimmanci bambance-bambance. Fara kula da matasa seedlings wajibi ne daga ranar farko na dasa. Spring narke ne mai hatsari lokaci na shuke-shuke. Lokacin da dab yawa snow yiwu ambaliya daga tushen abin wuya, wanda zai iya sa shi podoprevanie da kai ƙarshe zuwa ga mutuwa na itatuwa. Saboda haka, kula hada da m mulching na kasar gona da kuma kau da wuce haddi da ruwa.

Daga baya apricot bukatar a dace watering, barbarar da pruning. Shi ne fari-resistant shuka ba ya bukatar ruwa da yawa. More m watering ake bukata kawai a lokacin tying da maturation daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen.

top-miya

Dangane da shekaru takin apricots a cikin Urals. Girma ba tare da yin ciyar da ba zai yiwu ba a wannan yanayi zone, amma su wuce haddi iya samun mummunan tasiri a kan shuka raya kasa. Rage jure cutar, inda hakan ya'yan ripening tsari, kuma akwai m girma na harbe.

Bayan kai da shekaru biyu shuke-shuke bukatar har zuwa 15 kg Organic taki da Bugu da kari na superphosphate (130 g), ammonium nitrate (50 g) da kuma potassium chloride (50 g). Domin shuke-shuke, wanda shekaru ne 4-5 shekaru, yawan wadannan aka gyara ya kamata a karu da sau 2 ga 8 shekaru - 3 sau, kuma haka sosai amfani tasiri apricot potassium, da kara yawan aiki, inganta da dandano ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa da shafi .. su size.

yanayi aiki

Dasa na apricots a cikin Urals bukatar wasu ayyuka da suka shafi kula da tsire-tsire, wanda ya dogara a kan lokaci na shekara. A cikin kaka na wannan zafi-m itace dole ne a shirya zuwa sanyi, samar da yanayi da ya dace domin hunturu. Idan wannan ba a yi, da shuka iya mutu. Yin rufi ji ko kwalta takarda a nade a kusa da wani itace, kayyade waya ko igiya. Wannan "gashi" kare shuke-shuke daga hunturu da zazzabi canje-canje da kuma mai tsanani frosts.

Bayan tattara ƙananan ɓangare na akwati daga cikin amfanin gona wajibi ne don blanch ga wata itãciya ba ya zama wani wuri na wintering kwari. Pre-hunturu mowa tabbatar da cewa ɓawon burodi ba zauna dama na kwari.

pruning

A namo apricots a cikin Urals, iri cewa ba high da ake samu a cikin wadannan yanayi, ba shi yiwuwa ba tare da sabon. Wannan hanya ne da za'ayi a cikin bazara. Branches girma a ciki da kambi an cire.

Pruning stimulates kyau girma na sabon harbe, wanda da hakan haihuwa. Shi ne suka kafa da girma daga cikin apricots. Bugu da kari, kawar da hadarin overloading itacen. Pruning ba ka damar daidaita kuma Mould shi a kan hanya don kauce wa wata babbar itace ya girma daga dintsi na 'ya'yan itace a cikin sosai saman.

Yawanci, da kambi nau'i na sparsely-type longline lokacin da rassan suna located a kan jinkiri na 35-40 cm. A mafi yawan fruiting ne a kan harbe, wanda 2-3 shekaru. Tsohon rassan shawarar lokaci zuwa cire. Amma kuma m pruning kamata ba samun shiga. Wannan na iya haifar da ƙananan da ake samu.

ƙwarƙwata

Akwai da yawa kwari da ke iya shafar apricot. A cikin Urals, namo wannan itãciya, kuma, ba zai iya yi ba tare da su. Babban daga gare su - da aphids cewa buwãya da shuka kuma ya halaka shũka. Don magance wannan kwaro by spraying itacen taba cire, Dandelion kuma ash. Amma shi ne yafi dacewa don inji tsaftacewa.

Caterpillar-malam Aporia Crataegi - wani daya daga cikin kwari, sau da yawa shirya a apricots.

A mafi m bayyanar a kan shuka baki borers. Daya kawai tsutsa da wannan kwaro, wanda shi ne iya shiga zuwa tushen tsarin ne da ikon hallaka dukan itace. Babban Hanyar da ake rubutu da shi - yana spraying shuke-shuke da ruwa Bordeaux. A hanya da aka za'ayi a kaka, lokacin da ganye suna fadowa.

cuta

Ya kamata ya zama mai kyau don gano duk yiwu shuka cututtuka da kuma m matakan da shuka apricot. Spring a Ural faruwa ba zato zazzabi bambancin, abin da ya sa itatuwa ma mai saukin kamuwa zuwa cututtuka daban-daban lalacewa ta hanyar fungi da kwayoyin cuta. Mafi na kowa daga gare su - moniliosis. Kama a kan furanni pathogens wannan cuta sakamakon a cikin bushewa har, da kuma ciyar a cikin rassan buga duk harbe. Idan lokaci ba ya dauki mataki, ba za ka iya rasa up to 80% na amfanin gona. All kamuwa da 'ya'yan itatuwa da sauran sassa na shuka ya kamata a cire nan da nan da kuma yayyafa itace Bordeaux ruwa.

Babu kasa hatsari cutar - klyastkerosporioz (perforated spotting). Da farko, da ganye bayyana kananan spots tare da wani m Geza kewayen gefuna, wanda a hankali ya canza kama zuwa wani rami. A 'ya'yan itatuwa kamar spots samar da scabs. Ga magani kuma yi amfani da Bordeaux cakuda, sprinkling da buds kumbura in spring, kuma itace rassan bayan defoliation a kaka.

Verticillium zã su iya haifar da bushewa da dukan itace. Lower ganye fatsifatsi kuma fada kashe da kuma buga ƙasa, harba shuka asalinsu.

Duk wani cuta ne sauki su hana, don haka ya kamata ka biya more hankali ga rigakafin. Don yin wannan, dole ne ka ƙone duka kamu shuka sassa yin Yã isa zama adadin nitrogen taki, da kuma kauce wa Scotland gona.

Kiyaye dukan dokokin da dabarun noma, kuma a hankali peering cikin itatuwa domin taimakawa a lokacin, a general, shi da sauki a samu wani m apricot a cikin Urals. Girma, photos na lalace shuke-shuke, da kuma hanyoyin da magani, da ta dace pruning - duk wannan ya kamata a hankali dauke domin kara girbin iya kawo kawai tabbatacce motsin zuciyarmu.

Podoprevanie tushen kwala

Tare da isowa daga spring ya bayyana a kan surface na kasar gona ruwa, sa'an nan misãlin, sa'an nan thawing sake, shi ya sa da mutuwar cambium Kwayoyin. Podoprevshey itacen da tushen wuyansa iya rayayye Bloom, amma bayan 'yan makonni, sannu a hankali ya mutu. Wannan shi ne mafi kowa hanyar da Urals apricot mutuwa.

Don hana podoprevaniya, riga bayan na farko snow ne da za'ayi da zama dole aiki. Don yin wannan, shebur snow daga tushen kwala 20-30 cm, har ƙasa ta ya daskare. Frost apricot tushen tsarin ne quite barga. A watan Maris na wannan hanya an maimaita, kara prokapyvaya tsagi for cire narke ruwa.

Nagari irin apricots

A cikin mahallin da Urals ne mafi alhẽri yi amfani da dasa iri bred musamman domin wannan yankin. Lokacin da dasa kaɗan daga gare su bukatar pollination gaban a site daga itacen wani iri-iri. Kichiginsky, yaji, Snezhinsk - cikin shahararrun apricots a kudancin Urals. Dace da girma a cikin sanyi canjin yanayin Bugu da kari a gare su, akwai sauran iri.

Su ne resistant zuwa low yanayin zafi, short lokacin bazaar hana tsufa ya'yan itace da cewa dandana ne ba yawa daban-daban daga kudancin takwarorinsu.

• Amur - winterhardy da fari-resistant iri tare da high da ake samu, wanda wani lokacin kai 40 kg. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari yin la'akari 30 g rufe da zinariya rawaya fata. Tree of matsakaici tsawo, tare da wani zagaye siffar.
• Khabarovsk - itacen da yada kambi, da yawan amfanin ƙasa ne quite high (har zuwa 35 kg). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kodadde rawaya fata da nama na wannan launi nunarsa a marigayi Yuli-farkon watan Agusta.
• Serafim - bada yau da kullum da ake samu game da 30 kg, ripening a marigayi Yuli. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin farko iri. A nama da 'ya'yan itace cream, m-zaki da dandano.

Wannan shi ne mafi m apricot a cikin Urals. Iri Minusinsk Minusinsk da ruddy amber gane a matsayin mafi hunturu-Hardy. Ba na baya zuwa gare su, kuma Siberian Baikalova.

Duk na sama iri da aka gwada da kuma shawarar dasa a cikin Ural yankin.