Ancient Athens - shimfiɗar jariri na al'adun Girkanci

Ɗaya daga cikin biranen da suka fi kyau da kuma girmamawa da birane masu ƙarfi, samun damar shiga teku, ɗakunan kyawawan wurare - Ancient Athens, wanda ake kira bayan daya daga cikin alloli mafi girma da aka girmama a Girka, Athens. A cikin Helenanci na Olympus, an san shi da irin yanayin yaki, kimiyya, sana'a, kuma yana da hikima mai ban mamaki. Birnin, mai suna a cikin girmama wannan allahntaka, bai kamata ya samar da girma da ikonsa ba.

Hasuwa

Babban birnin tsohuwar Girka ya girma ne a kan tudu mai tsayi - Acropolis. A cewar labari, a cikin 1825 BC. E. Sarki na farko na Attica, Cecrop, ya gina wani sansanin soja a saman Acropolis, ya kafa birnin a wannan wuri. Ba tare da sun hada da gumakan da wannan ginin ya faru ba. Athena yayi jayayya da mai mulkin teku da teku Poseidon, wanda za a kira sunan birnin, kuma wanda zai zama magoya bayansa. Alƙalai sune alloli mafi girma na Olympus, wanda Zeus ya jagoranci. An ba da alloli masu cin nasara: "Wane ne zai kawo kyauta mai amfani ga mazaunan birnin, zai zama mashinsa." Poseidon ya gabatar da tsohuwar Athenes tare da hasken rana, yana mai da hankalinsa a cikin dutsen, kuma Athena, yana tura mashi a cikin dutsen, ya kawo 'yan Girka wani itacen zaitun. Gumakan Olympus aka lankwasa zuwa yanzu Poseidon, amma aljanna da kuma zama majiɓinci Kekrop goyon yaki. Wannan rikici ya ci Athena kuma ba a banza ba, domin a karkashin mulkinta, Athens ya sami babban ci gaban tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu. Kuma saboda girmama Poseidon da ya ɓace, Girkawa sun gina wani haikalin kwanan nan. Cibiyar ta kara girma sosai saboda gudun hijirar zuwa ga asalinta na tsaro na mutane, wanda dole ne ya yi hijira saboda hare-hare masu yawa na kabilanci.

Harshen Athens

Babban cigaban birnin ya kai a lokacin mulkin Pisistratus. Wannan sarki marar laifi, amma mai hikima ya yi imani cewa mutane masu lalata ne suka yi barazana ga ikonsa kuma zai iya tada mutane su yi tawaye. Ya kasance tare da shi cewa an gina babban kasuwar Agora, inda masu sayarwa daga ko'ina cikin duniya suka zo. Ciniki ga Helenawa ya sosai sauki, kamar yadda su ne mazaunan tsibirin al'umma, yana da damar zuwa teku. Girka ba za a iya bambanta ta hanyar noma da kiwon dabbobi ba. Athens ba bambance bane, dalilin da ya sa wannan shine duniyar ƙasa, wanda babu abin da ya girma. Amma a kan Girkawan kasuwanci sun samu cikakken. Tsar Pisistrat wani mashahuri ne mai gwaninta: an gina temples na Apollo da Zeus na Olympus a daidai lokacin mulkinsa. Haikali na Apollo, ya kammala, amma gidan Antiyaku IV Epiphanes ya gina gidan Zeus. Amma ba makasudin gina ginin a cikin gajeren lokaci ba. Jarumin Romacin Sulla ya hallaka shi, amma Gwamna Adrian ya kammala aikin.

Masana tarihi sun gaskata cewa Pisistratus ne wanda ya kafa harsashin ginin tarihi mai suna - Parthenon. Labarinsa yana da ban mamaki. Ba da daɗewa ba, Farisawa ta hallaka ta, kuma kawai Pericles ya sake gina shi. Aiki a kan kyau da kuma arziki haikalin da aka gayyace zuwa sanannen sculptor Phidias, marubucin daya daga cikin Bakwai abubuwan al'ajabi na Duniya - -mutumi na Zeus Olympic. Siffarsa na Athena yana da kyau sosai cewa sarakunan ba su daina gina wasu sassa a Acropolis.

In muka yi imani da binciken na da archaeologists suka yi karatu da hakora da ya rage daga cikin mazaunan wancan zamanin, tsoho Athens fadi da annoba, ko, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira, na typhoid zazzabi, da ta taso a can a 430-423 shekaru. Saboda wannan cutar marar lafiya wanda kashi uku cikin uku na al'ummar jihar ya rasu, garin da aka san birnin Ancient Athens ya fadi.