Amurka gashi na makamai. Tarihi na {asar Amirka, gashi na makamai. Wanne tsuntsu a kan gashi na makamai na Amurka?

Ba kamar yawancin kasashen, a duniya, jihar alama na United States of America yana da bangarorin biyu, kamar tsabar kudin. Wannan alama ce da kasar kuma ake kira Great Seal (Great Seal). Ana amfani da wa shaida kawai wasu daga cikin takardun amince da gwamnatin da wannan babban iko, kamar shugaba ta address, da kuma kasa da kasa yarjejeniyarsu. Sakataren harkokin na United States of America ne ke da alhakin ajiya na buga. Amma ta ba boye daga jama'a: ganin muhimmanci da asali na iya zama kowa a Washington, a cikin nuni zauren na Gwamnatin Amirka. Amurka gashi na makamai emblazoned a kan obverse na Great Seal. Me ne wanda aka nuna a kan baya na wanda ƙirƙira wadannan alamomin na statehood, kazalika da sihiri lamba 13, wanda aka maimaita sau da yawa a cikin alama da kuma tutar kasar, ganin wannan labarin.

Tarihi na {asar Amirka, alama

A wannan rana, a lokacin da Yuli 4, 1776 aka sanar da 'yancin kai na sabon jihar, da Continental Congress fadi da aiki wajen samar da wata kasa alama, mai gaskatãwa Mulki. Sha'awa, da halitta na da ra'ayin na Great Seal ba artists, amma yanzu daga mutãnen heraldry. Amma wadannan sun fice Figures, ya yi ta kokarin don saki da goma sha uku jihohin daga karkashin umurnin da United Kingdom. Uku 'yan Continental Congress - Dzhon Adams, Benjamin Franklin da Thomas Jefferson - sun ɓullo da nasu ayyukan. Sun yi kokarin kirtani tare Sakatariyar harkokin wajen Amurka Congress Charles Thomson. Amma shi ya dauki shekaru shida da hannu na artist da heraldry Pierre Eugene du Simitera to connect tare da dukan ayyukan da fassara a kan takarda da jihar hatimi.

alama ayyukan

All uku mawallafa na da ra'ayin na Great Seal kusantar da ruhi daga Littafi Mai Tsarki. A musamman, Benjamin Franklin kusantar da layi daya tsakanin saki jama'ar Amirka daga karkiyar da tarihi na kasashen waje Fitowa na Yahudawa daga Misira. Gashi na makamai na Amurka a kan wannan version aka lashe taken "tuhume - a cikin nufin Allah." Thomas Jefferson ya ga a cikin aikin da mulkin mutane na Isra'ila, karkashin jagorancin Musa zuwa ƙasar alkawari. A kan baya sun nuna biyu daga cikin Saxon shugaban Hengist da Horsa, wanda nau'i na gwamnati soma da Amirkawa. Bambance-bambancen da Yahaya. Adams ya watakila mafi batsa. A obverse nuna kashe wani tsirara Hercules jingina a kan wani kulob din, kuma baya - ɗauka da sauƙi ado nagarta, da umarni a kan hawa hanya, da lalaci, miƙa su zauna a kan Lawn a cikin furanni.

na biyu na kwamitin

Amma kokarin kamar yadda ya iya, Pierre Simiter ir} iro wa fahimta da kuma bayyana ra'ayoyi a wani heraldic alamomin mawallafa Great Seal, ta zane da aka ƙi da Congress. A karo na biyu, da kwamitin a kan ci gaban da sabon alamu na kasar shiga Francis Hopkinson. Ya ya riga ya ci gaba da gashi na makamai na New Jersey, da kuma fara a jihar alama. Shi ne da godiya ga shi tutar da alama na Amurka ƙawata goma sha uku ja da fari ratsi da wannan adadin taurari. Hopkinson ma ya samo asali da ra'ayin na baya bugu: wani wanda ba a kare dala da ido na arziki. Duk da haka, da obverse, wanda ya samu halartar biyu alloli da wani zaitun reshe da kuma kibiyoyi, bai son Congress, don haka da na uku kwamitin da aka kafa.

A karshe version

A cikin takardar da aka jawo hankalin matasa, jaraba heraldry lauya William Barton. Kamar kwanaki biyar daga baya ya gabatar da zane na Great cikon Congress. A obverse nuna kashe gaggafa tare da yaduwar fuka-fuki, baya zauna kusan guda kamar yadda kusantar da farko kwamitin. Congress ba ma farin ciki tare da samarwa alama, amma lokaci zuwa rework riga ya ba: shi ya wajaba don tabbatar da muhimmanci a jihar takardun karkashin wata kwangila tare da Birtaniya da kuma musayar fursunoni. Saboda haka, zane da aka soma a matsayin dalilin, da kuma Charles Thompson aka umurce su su tata. Wannan talented sakataren Congress, kuma Ya halitta karshe version - da alama na Amurka, a photo wanda kuke gani a duk kundayen. Thompson ya dauki la'akari duk da ban sha'awa ra'ayoyi na uku kwamitocin. Ya riƙe da sihiri lamba 13 - da yawan jihohin da cewa sun zama muhimman hakkokin tsakiya na sabon jihar. Su ma an kiyaye zaitun reshe da kibiyoyi - alamomin na zaman lafiya, amma kuma a shirye domin yaƙi. Kawai suka ba mu kiyaye aljanna, da kuma fika gaggafa. Wannan layout da aka amince Yuni 20, ga watan Julin 1782, kuma a watan Satumba mai girma Seal da aka sanya a kan daftarin aiki authorizes Washington musanya fursunoni.

Saboda haka abin da ke tsuntsu a kan gashi na makamai na Amurka?

Barton yanke shawarar cewa mikiya - ma kowa heraldic alama. Ya so gaskiya American tsuntsu da aka nuna a kan kasa alama ce ta kasa. Irin wannan shi ne m mikiya (Latin sunan Haliaeetus leucocephalus). A baya can an yi tunanin cewa wannan nau'in na Raptors samu ne kawai a nahiyar Amirka, amma shi yanzu, aka sani cewa ta wakilan rayuwa a Rasha, a kan Bering Island. Sha'awa, tsuntsu, wanda yanzu adorns da gashi na makamai na Amurka, zai iya zama wani ... turkey. Yana miƙa a matsayin wata alama ce da kasar B. Franklin. Kuma duk saboda turkeys sukan kai hari ado a cikin wani ja uniform na Birtaniya Grenadiers. Duk da haka, mafi yawan Amirkawa yanke shawarar cewa wadannan tsuntsaye ne yadu dauke ibãdar boastfulness da wawanci, kuma haka opted ga Orlan.

sihiri lamba

Yawan "13" da aka samu a cikin Great cikon na biyu da obverse da baya. Af, da mayar da gefe na wannan alama na statehood iya so su yi la'akari da shan amfani da doka na 1 dollar. Akwai aka nuna wani wanda ba a kare dala na goma sha uku tubalan Providence ido. Duk da haka, Thompson kara downside taken 13 letters: «Annuit Coeptis», wanda yake nufin "Allah ne m ga gudanarda ayyuka." Biyu Latin taken - Novus Ordo Seclorum - fassara a matsayin "New Order na zamanai." A kasa na kwanan - 1776. A wannan shekara, NUNA farkon American jihar. bugu Avers - a gaskiya, gashi na makamai USA - kuma cike da lambar "13". A baki mikiya kintinkiri da rubutu «E Pluribus Unum» (tare da wani sihiri yawan haruffa). Red da fari ratsi a kan garkuwa, da taurari a cikin girgije a kan tsuntsu ta kai, da kiban ƙuri'a a hagu kafa, ganye, da zaituni a kan wani reshe a dama - duk da cewa nuna da kuma murna da 13 na asali jihohi. A symbolism launuka a cikin gashi na makamai ne na gargajiya: White - rashin laifi, ja - ƙarfin hali da kuma lamarinsa, blue - da wata ãyã daga taka tsantsan.