Almara nau'o'i na wallafe-wallafe. Misalai da kuma halaye na Genre Epic

A duk cikin zane-zane, akwai tarihi ciki rarrabu, manyan - iri, da kuma wadannan iri gyara karami nau'o'i.

wallafe-wallafen iri

All adabi ne zuwa kashi da wadannan iri - lyrics, epics da kuma wasan kwaikwayo.

A lyrics samo sunanta ne daga wani m kayan aiki - da garaya. A zamanin da wasa a kan shi aka tare da shayari karatu. A classic misali - Orpheus.

Almara (daga Girkanci epos - hadisin) ne a ra'ayi na biyu. Kuma abin da ke shiga shi ne ake kira almara nau'o'i.

Drama (daga Girkanci wasan kwaikwayo) - iri uku.

A tsufa Plato da Aristotle yunkurin rabuwa adabi danginsu. Kimiyance kubutar wannan rabo Belinsky.

Kwanan kafa da kuma raba a matsayin mai raba (hudu) view adabi jam'i wasu raba guda. Yana - lyrical-almara nau'o'i. Daga cikin sunan yakan haifar da cewa almara Genre ya tunawa da canza kama kanta a cikin mutum aka gyara daga cikin lyric salo.

Misalai, Kai epos

almara kanta ne zuwa kashi jama'a da kuma mawallafin. Da mutãnen almara ya riga shi zuwa marubucin na almara. Irin wannan misalai Epic nau'o'i kamar yadda wani labari, saga, labarin, labarin, muqala, labari, waka labari Ode, kuma fantasy tare wakiltar wani dukan tsararru na wallafe-wallafe.

A duk nau'o'i na almara labari style iya zama daban-daban. Dangane da daya ta mutum da aka gudanar description - marubucin (da labarin da aka fada a cikin mutum na uku), ko kuma a kanka harafin (da labarin da aka fada a farkon mutum), ko a madadin wani musamman riwayan. Lokacin da bayanin a farkon mutum, mai yiwuwa ne a zažužžukan, ma - da riwayan iya zama daya, a can zai iya zama da dama, ko zai iya zama matukar riwayan, wanda aka ba da hannu a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana.

Halayyar siffofin wadannan nau'o'i

Idan labarin ne daga wani ɓangare na uku, shi aka zaci wani detachment, kallo a taron bayanin. Idan na farko ko fiye mutum, akwai da dama daban-daban ra'ayoyi suna bi a kan abubuwan da suka faru da kuma sirri sha'awa haruffa (irin haƙƙin mallaka ayyuka suna kira).

Halayyar fasali na almara Genre - wani mãkirci (shafe a kan mayẽwa daga events), lokacin da (a cikin almara Genre, yana dubar da wanzuwar wani nisa tsakanin abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana da kuma bayanin irin lokaci) da kuma sarari. Uku-girma sarari aka tabbatar da bayanin heroes hotuna, ciki da shimfidar.

Features na almara Genre ne halin da ikon da karshen hada da abubuwa na biyu shayari (lyrical ritaya), da kuma Drama (monologue, tattaunawa). Almara nau'o'i kamar zoba da juna.

Forms almara nau'o'i

Bugu da kari, akwai uku tsarin siffofin da almara - manyan, matsakaici da kuma kananan. Wasu wallafe-wallafen saukar da talakawan form, da suka shafi cikin labarin to da babban, wanda ya hada da romance da almara. Akwai wani ra'ayi almara labari. Daga juna, su ne daban-daban siffofin labari da labarin. Dangane da al'amurran da suka shafi tashe for shawara a cikin labari, shi yana iya koma zuwa tarihi, dama, yawon buxe ido, m, da kuma zamantakewa Utopia. Yana kuma siffofi da almara salo. Yawan da duniya yanayin al'amurran da suka shafi da kuma tambayoyi, amsoshin wanda zai iya bayar da wannan wallafe-wallafen form, Belinsky yarda kwatanta labari tare da almara na zaman rayuwa.

By tsakiyar fom da dangantaka da labarin, da kuma labarin, short labarin, wata muqala, a hikaya, wani misãli, kuma magana, ko sa up a kananan almara form. Wannan shi ne babban almara nau'o'i - wani labari, litattafan da gajejjeran labaru, da wallafe-wallafen zargi da cewa characterizes kamar yadda, bi da bi, "a kai, da kuma wani yanki na kirtani daga cikin littafin rai."

Wakilai daga cikin manyan siffofin nau'o'i

Tare da aka jera a sama da irin wannan almara nau'o'i, kamar waka, a takaice labarin, wani hikaya, muqala, suna da nasu halaye, ba da karatu da wani ra'ayin na wani abun ciki. All almara nau'o'i na adabi aka haifa, da suka isa ganiya na kamala kuma mutu. Yanzu jita-jita game da mutuwa da labari.

Irin wannan wakilan almara nau'o'i manyan siffofin kamar labari, da almara ko almara labari magana game da sikelin da nuna events, wakiltar biyu da kasa amfani da rayuwa da mutum kan bango na wadannan abubuwan.

Almara ne mai alfarma da aikin, jigo na wanda ko da yaushe suna da matsaloli da kuma al'amurran da suka shafi da cewa suna da kasa muhimmanci. A shahararren wakilin wannan salo shi ne labari "yaki da zaman lafiya" Tolstoy.

Aka gyara na almara nau'o'i

Almara ne poetic (da kuma wani lokacin mundane - "Matattu Rayukan") Genre, kaidin wanda mafi yawa ana kishin Chanting na kasa ruhu da kuma hadisai na mutane.

Kalmar "labari" da aka samu daga sunan harshen da a cikinsa littafin na farko buga ayyukansu - Romanesque (Romawa ko Roma, inda ayyukan da aka buga a Latin). Features a cikin labari na iya zama da yawa - da Genre, abun da ke ciki, m, stylistic, da ilimin harsuna da labari. Kuma kowane daga cikinsu yana da hakkin ya gudanar da samfurin wani musamman kungiyar. Akwai zaman jama'a labari, hali binciken, al'adu, da tarihi, m, kasada, matukin jirgi. Akwai kasada labari, akwai Turanci, Faransanci, Rasha. M labari - shi ne mai manyan, m, mafi yawa litattafan aiki da aka rubuta da wasu canons da kuma dokoki.

Average nau'i na m almara

Features da'a Genre "labari" ne ba kawai game da adadin aiki, kuma ko da yake shi ne ake kira da "kananan labari." A labarin ne da yawa kasa hatsarori. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne sadaukar da daya tsakiyar taron.

A labarin - litattafan kananan aikin labari hali, ta kwatanta da wani takamaiman hali na rayuwa. Daga tatsuniyoyi shi ne daban-daban idon basira launuka. A cewar wasu wallafe-wallafen labari za a iya kira wani aiki a cikinsa akwai hadin kai na lokacin, ayyuka, events, wurare da haruffa. Wannan duk suna nuna cewa labarin da aka yawanci aka bayyana wani episode da yake faruwa da guda hali, a kuma wani lokaci. Na bayyana ma'anar da Genre akwai. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa labarin - shi ne sunan da Rasha labari, wanda aka farko da aka ambata a Yammacin adabi a XIII karni da kuma wata 'yar zane na salo.

Kamar yadda wani da wallafe-wallafen Genre novella na Boccaccio amince a XIV karni. Wannan ya nuna cewa labarin da yawa mazan shekaru labarin. Ko Pushkin, kuma Nikolai litattafan Gogol, daga lãbãran dangana ga labarin. Wannan shi ne fiye ko žasa bayyana ra'ayi fassara abin da yake a "labarin", ya bayyana a Rasha adabi a cikin XVIII karni. Amma da bayyane iyakoki tsakanin labarin da labari ba, shi ne cewa karshen ne a cikin sosai farkon ya fi kama da magana, da, cewa shi ne mai m gajeren rayuwa zane. Wasu daga cikin siffofin muhimmi a tsakiyar zamanai, da labarin ya kiyaye wannan rana.

Wakilai Kai kananan form epos

A labarin da aka sau da yawa rikita batun tare da zane na wannan dalilai - da rashin bayyana definition, yakan haifar da wani hakkin ya rubuta. A mafi cewa sun bayyana kusan lokaci guda. Muqala - wani gajeren bayanin guda sabon abu. A zamanin yau shi ne mafi wani shirin labarin wani real taron. A cikin suna nuni da ba brevity - da shaci. Mafi sau da yawa, makala da aka buga a periodicals - jaridu da mujallu.

Saboda da taro sabon abu ya kamata a lura da irin wannan salo kamar yadda "fantasy", an samun shahararsa a 'yan shekarun nan. Ya bayyana a cikin 20s na karshe karni, a Amirka. An dauke da magabacin Lovecraft. Fantasy - wani irin salo almarar, ba da ciwon babu kimiyya nauyin da ya kunshi gaba ɗaya na almarar.

Wakilai daga cikin "lyrical litattafan"

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, da uku da wallafe-wallafen danginsu da sannu kara hudu, wakiltar rabu fitar a cikin wani raba rukuni wannan lyric nau'o'i Epic adabi kamar waka, Ballad song. A siffofin da wannan irin adabi ne ya kawo tare da storyline kwatanta riwayan ta gogewa (abin da ake kira lyrical "I"). A irin wannan suna ta'allaka ne da asalinta - da ƙungiyar a cikin daya almara da kuma lyrical abubuwa. Irin wannan haduwa bayyana a cikin adabi tun zamanin da, amma a raba rukuni na wadannan ayyuka tsaya fitar a lokacin da sharply ya fara nuna sha'awa a cikin hali na riwayan - a zamanin sentimentalism da romanticism. Lyrical-almara Genre wani lokacin ake kira "lyrical litattafan".

Duk wani nau'i na nau'o'i da sauran wallafe-wallafen raka'a gaba da juna, tabbatar da wanzuwar kuma ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen tsari.