A wadanne kasashe ne a yarda euthanasia? Iri euthanasia da halaye

A Girkanci euthanasia - "da kyau mutuwa", kuma a dukan lokatai da yiwuwar wani tsanani da rashin lafiya mutum ya mutu da nasu bisa, ba tare da jin zafi da kuma wahala, goyon ko jayayya addini, wadanda mutane, da kuma likita al'umma. Yau, mun san a wane kasashen yarda euthanasia. Su, ba zato ba tsammani, da aka ɓullo da ko da wani musamman irin likita yawon shakatawa - kunar bakin yawon shakatawa, wato, da yiwuwar wani tafiya ya tsere daga rayuwa ba tare da doka jinkiri.

labarin

A gaskiya, da kisan da suka yi wa marasa lafiya da kuma ko da yara aikata a kowane lokaci. A lokaci yana Greek Tushen, kamar yadda ya Helenawa dauki na farko domin aikatawa da rauni yan'uwansu a fagen yaƙi, don haka ba su sha wahala daga m raunin. Dukanmu mun tuna, da tsoho Spartans, wanda aka jefa kashe wani dutse rashin lafiya, ko gurgunta yara ba ne kawai don kawar da damuwar da kansu, amma domin kawo karshen wahalar da yaro. Af, wannan yi, bincike ethnographers, sun kasance a yi amfani a cikin mutãnen farkon, kamar Far Arewa ko da Pacific har cikin karni na 19th.

A zamani duniya kafin yakin duniya na biyu a wasu kasashen Turai, akwai wani ban a kan euthanasia, kuma shi ne ba na gāba da halin kirki da kuma da'a ka'idodinta al'umma. Duk da haka, da Nazi T4 shirin, a lokacin da Jamus fada domin tsarki na da Aryan tseren, kashe wani tunani retarded mutane, har ma da yara, kazalika da marasa lafiya da shafi tunanin mutum da cuta, ragu wadannan ra'ayoyi domin na gaba 50 shekaru.

Ka'idar da yi na euthanasia

A yau duniya na euthanasia - wani m ƙarshe na rayuwa na terminally rashin lafiya mutum tare da yardarka (ko dangi) domin rabu da ya wahala. Ana amfani da yafi a lokuta inda da ingancin rayuwa da haƙuri a magangara mafi ƙasƙanci matakin, kuma shĩ ne a cikin zafi, kuma babu wata damar maida.

Har ila yau, iri biyu euthanasia suke da daraja a yau:

• M - ya shafi a lokuta inda haƙuri an haɗa zuwa rayuwa goyon bayan tsarin. A wannan yanayin, likitoci kawai kashe mutum daga cikin na'urorin da cewa goyi bayan rayuwa. Mafi sau da yawa shi aka yi ga marasa lafiya cikin wani zurfin coma tare da izni na dangi.
• Active - gabatarwar kwayoyi da haƙuri, da tabbatar da sauri da kuma m mutuwa. Wannan shi ne yawanci allura, ko magani a cikin ruwa tsari, wakiltar wani hadaddiyar giyar na sedatives, barbiturates da maganin sa barci. Wannan kuma ya hada da lokuta inda likita zai iya samar da wani mutum da ake bukata adadin magani domin kai-kula na rayuwa.

Daban-daban al'amurran da euthanasia

Complex da kuma mummunan zabi - su ci gaba da rayuwa tare da wani m cuta, fuskantar zafi da wahala, haka dooming su ga dangi, ko yanke shawara muddin mutum ne har yanzu iya gani HIKIMA - wannan shi ne babban batu na euthanasia. Babban sanadin tubalan a al'amura na ta legalization - shari'a, da'a, da kuma addini.

A mafi sauki al'amari - doka. A} asashen da euthanasia an haramta, shi ne a matsayin kisan kai. A wasu jihohin, kamar yadda irin wannan, euthanasia ba a yarda, amma shi ne amfani da, amma rufe da sauran hanyoyin. Wannan ne yake aikata haka da cewa likita yin hanya, ya ba dandana matsaloli da dokar a nan gaba.

Harder da halin kirki da kuma addini al'amurran. A daya hannun, shi ne kunar bakin wake da kuma kisan kai, da kuma a cikin yawancin addinai da shi ne a ga mutum zunubi, kuma har a cikin Soviet Jihar high matsa lamba a kan mutum a cikin wadannan al'amura. A jihar ne sau da yawa iya daukar nauyin da niyyar jefa wani rai, ko da izni na haƙuri. Kuma da yawa likitoci ba su kuskure ya gudanar da irin wannan aikinsu kamar yadda suka musanta ba kawai kyawawan dabi'u, amma kuma ga Hippocratic da rantsuwa.

a Rasha

Da yake jawabi na wanda kasashen yarda euthanasia kamata kuma a lura da cewa Rasha Federation ba kunshe a cikin wannan jerin. A kasar shi ne daidaita da kisan na digiri na nauyin, kuma wannan batun ke kula da manyan laifuka Code kuma doka, wato Tarayya Dokar № 323 "Bisa ga jama'a kiwon lafiya kariya a Rasha Federation."

Ba wanda kasashen yarda euthanasia ga kasashen waje, 'yan ƙasa na Rasha za su iya kawai je ya zuwa yanzu, a cikin shekaru tafiya zuwa ɗaya daga cikinsu. Last lokaci a shekara ta 2007 a madadin na wakilai, sanya wani tsari don kyautata da Criminal Code kuma yarda euthanasia a Rasha, amma shawara da aka gana da m fushin jama'a da kuma aka janye.

A wadda kasar ne a yarda euthanasia mutane

Bayan da kisan kiyashi na miliyoyin mutane da Nazis euthanasia da aka haramta a ko'ina cikin m duniya. Kawai shekaru 50 daga baya, tambaya ta fara tada a Turai. Saboda wannan a yanzu mun san a wane kasashen yarda euthanasia. A jerin ne kamar haka:

• Netherlands.
• Belgium.
• Luxembourg.
• Albania.
• Switzerland (a Zurich kawai).
• United States (kawai a Vermont, Oregon, Washington, Jojiya).
• Canada.

Tantance kasashen yarda euthanasia, mun lura cewa akwai kasashen, inda babu wani m legalization, amma akwai misalai faru. Shi ne Japan da kuma Colombia. A cikin wadannan kasashe, a wasu lokuta ma faruwa kai kara. Duk da haka, a cikin wadannan kasashe, euthanasia ne ainihin yiwu.

zamani yi

A shekarar 1984, da Netherlands farko halatta da hakkin ya son rai karbo daga rai wuya da kuma painfully m mutane. Bayan da aka yi na Netherlands shiga ta sauran Benelux kasashe, wato Belgium da Luxembourg. A Luxembourg, ta hanyar, da mãsu haƙuri yi niyyar samu euthanasia, shi dole ne samu da amsa na biyu likitoci. Ga likitoci yi da kuma ci gaba dace records ya tabbatar da cewa, an yanke shawarar mutu aka sanya wa marasa lafiya, ko dangi, amma bai zama kuskure ko laifi nufin likita.

A 1999, Albania ya yarda m euthanasia ga marasa lafiya cikin wani coma a gaban uku zumunta yarda. Duk da majalisu da izinin hanya, cocin Katolika, wanda shi ne mai karfi a cikin kasar, tsunduma a farfaganda haramta na euthanasia.

Tun 2002, da Dutch doka a kan euthanasia da yara a kan shekaru 12, da kuma daga 2014 a Belgium, kowane zamani hani an dauke, wato, ko da wani yaro na kowane zamani iya samun euthanized tare da yarda daga iyaye ko mai kula.

Kamar yadda Netherlands da kuma Belgium - a kasar tare da daya daga cikin mildest yanayi na euthanasia, ikon da ya kwarara daga yawon bude ido kunar damuwa mai yawan caveats, yanayi toughening hanyoyin. Alal misali, an fahimci cewa tsakanin haƙuri, kuma likita ya kamata a yi tawakkali dangantaka.

Tun 1941, euthanasia a yarda a Canton na Zurich a Switzerland. Kuma a nan ne inda kunar bakin yawon shakatawa da bunƙasa, mafi yawa 'yan kasa da Ingila da kuma Jamus, da sanin wanda kasashen yarda euthanasia, shi da yake faruwa a Zurich ga mutuwa allura. Saboda da softness na gida dokokin mutane a zahiri jerin gwano up for damar tserewa daga rayuwa. Bugu da ƙari, har 2011, zuwa ga tambaya: "A cikin wadanne kasashe ne a yarda euthanasia ga lafiya, da cewa shi ne, ba domin terminally m?" - da Swiss ya amsa: "Zurich". M al'umma tilasta gwamnati da ta dauki dace gyara, kuma kawai yanzu tsanani da rashin lafiya 'yan ƙasa a duniya zai iya saduwa da mutuwa a nan.

A shekara ta 2016, Canada dauke da wani ban a kan likita taimako a aikata kisan kai terminally rashin lafiya. Yanzu lissafin wuce da m yarjejeniya. Duk da haka, bisa ga shi, ba dukan marasa lafiya na iya samun shi dama, amma kawai lalace, cewa shi ne, wadanda suka yi wani ban tausayi karshen ne a kusa da indisputable. Wannan shi ne, misali, a shafi mahara sclerosis don taimaka kubuta daga rayuwa bisa ga doka ba zai iya zama kamar wadanda suka sha wahala daga ciwo mai tsanani ba tare da wani takamaiman tsinkaya a kan yadda mutane da yawa rayuwa.

Muhawara for kuma da

A duniyar abokan adawar da kuma magoya bayan na euthanasia kaiwa isasshiya muhawara a cikin tsaro na matsayinsa. Kuma wani hadadden da kuma tsanani batun ga kowane shawara a cikin ni'imar yana da m hujja a.

Kuma na farko shaida ga euthanasia da shawara cewa rayuwa shi ne mai kyau kawai a lokacin da ta sa hankali, kuma Yanã fitar da farin ciki, da abin da daidai suna hana, misali, m marasa lafiya. M shaida ma ya nuna cewa da zabi ne ba tsakanin mai farin ciki da wani m rayuwa, da kuma tsakanin kasancewar a manufa da kuma tsayawa da shi a cikin wani nau'i. Lalle ne shĩ, ƙarshe na rayuwa ne da wuya a yi la'akari da kyau.

Euthanasia kuma ce wadanda suka san yadda za tsada da kuma wuya a kula da rayuwar wani tsanani da rashin lafiya ko naƙasasshe mutum da Flatliners. Musamman idan ka yi kokarin samar da mai kyau ingancin rayuwa. Abokan adawar yawanci amsa da cewa har yanzu tattalin arziki al'amari ba ya sulhunta da kisan da halin kirki da kuma halayyarsu, na zamani Adam.

Masani wadda kasashen halatta euthanasia da kuma dalilin da ya sa, shi ne wuya ba to yarda da cewa shi ne ci gaba da wadata kasar da high rayuwar, inda shi ne ingancin rayuwa zo farko. A asarar wannan quality entails asarar amfani a rayuwa kamar yadda irin wannan. Zai yiwu wannan ya bayyana m dokokin kyale a yi amfani euthanasia ga yara ko marasa lafiya ba terminally rashin lafiya.

A ra'ayi na jama'a da kuma likitoci game da matsalar

Duk da cewa jama'a Figures, 'yan siyasa, da kiwon lafiya duniya ya musanta euthanasia a yawancin kasashen, da jama'a ba da wani abokin gaba na wannan ra'ayin. Saboda haka, a cewar binciken na Rasha Internet masu amfani, kashi 50% na weights ba ga wani abu m, a euthanasia da kuma la'akari da shi a adam hakkin ya sami yancin yin zabi.

Psychologists yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne saboda da sirri halaye na yawancin mutanen da suka a game da m rashin lafiya ba zai so ya zama mai nauyi ga dangi da kuma fuskanci azaba.

Ra'ayoyin Jama'a likita portals, gudanar tsakanin matasa da likitoci, ya nuna a irin wannan rabo a cikin sana'a Sphere - kawai rabin na weights a matsayin dukan domin yin amfani da euthanasia, ciki har da a Rasha.

A mafi high-profile lokuta a cikin zamani duniya

A 1939, sanannen Austria psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud shige daga aikin da taimako na likita. Freud wahala daga m nau'i na baka ciwon daji da kuma kafin mutuwa, sha wahala fiye da 30 ake gudanar cire siffofin maruran. Kuma suka da aka za'ayi a karkashin maganin sa barci, kamar yadda sa'an nan janar maganin sa barci a irin haka ya ba tukuna an yi amfani.

Belgium marubuci Hugo Claus, ta amfani masu biyayya ga dokokin kasa, ya dauki euthanasia, ko da yake shi ne kawai mataki na farko na ciwon daji. Amma a Faransa malami, Chantal Sebir, wanda fuska aka haƙõra da wani m nau'i na cutar daji, ba tare da ciwon da hakkin ya son rai janye daga rayuwa a ƙasarsa ta kasar, Yã yi nufin Ya je Switzerland, da sanin wanda kasashen yarda euthanasia mutum. Duk da haka, a 2008, ta kashe kansa da wani barbiturate allura.

Scandal ya sa kuma euthanasia biyu taimakon masana yin takalma da 'yan'uwansa, wanda ya fara rasa gabansa kuma ba zai iya yarda da cewa ba zai ga juna sake. Duk da rashin wani tsanani cuta, da suka samu a na mutuwa allura a Switzerland.