A Aral Sea: matsalar na duniya rabbai

Ko kafin farkon sittin daga cikin karni na ashirin, da Aral Sea A da duniya ta hudu mafi girma a lake. Yana duk ya fara tare da wani m ruwa shagala ga ban ruwa na auduga da shinkafa filayen daga koguna da cewa ciyar da Aral Sea - da Amu Darya da Syr Darya, cewa rage zuwa m batu cika teku. Kuma a sa'an nan, a cikin farkon sittin, an kaddamar da riga babu ja baya bushewa tsari ... Tun wannan lokacin, da Aral Sea matsala.

A shekarar 1989, da Aral Sea raba biyu ya zama ruwan dare kandami - ta Kudu Aral Sea, nasa ne Uzbekistan da kuma Arewa Aral Sea - Kazakhstan. By 1996 shi ya rasa ¾ na ta ƙara ruwa, da kuma girma na mazauna tilasta su bar yankin. K 2003 - yawan ruwa da aka sani kawai game da 10%, kuma ta surface yankin - game da kwata na asali. A ƙirin aka mayar da su zuwa 100-150km, gwargwado ya karu biyu da rabi sau. Kafa a wuri da zarar zurfi-tẽku yashi da kuma Saline hamada, wani yanki na 38.000 km2, an mai suna Aralkum.

Bayan mãsu bãyar da bãya teku zauna bushe seabed, an rufe shi da gishiri adibas da kuma aikin gona da sinadarai da kuma magungunan kashe qwari wanke kashe a lokacin da gida filayen. M ƙura hadari, hali na hamada, tara shi duka a cikin iska da kuma yada a kan wani babban ƙasa. Dust sau da yawa rufe nisa har zuwa 700-800km da kai na irin wannan Rasha yankuna kamar yadda Chelyabinsk da Orenburg yankuna. Inhaling irin guba turbaya zubar da kimar mutane ta kiwon lafiya, rage rigakafi, abu don rashin lafiyan halayen da kuma da yawa wasu hatsari cututtuka. A gida, yawan, la'akari da matsayin likita masana, shan wahala daga tartsatsi numfashi cututtuka, narkewa kamar cuta, ciwon daji na esophagus da makogwaro, anemia. A lokuta da koda cuta, ido cututtuka da kuma hanta.

A Aral Sea ya zarar arziki abincin teku maroki. Yanzu matakin gwargwado a shi ne don haka mai girma cewa da yawa jinsunan kifaye sun mutu. Mafi na kowa mazauni a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, akwai zauna a Black Sea turbot, shigo cikin 70s, wanda shi ne mafi saba da rayuwa a cikin m teku ruwa, amma ta 2003 sun bace, kuma ta kasance: da gwargwado na ruwa ne 2-4 sau fi shi ne saba wa ta teku Laraba. A nama yanzu girbe kifi sau da yawa ya nuna ma high wani matakin da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma aka halitta ma rinjayar priaraltsev kiwon lafiya. Fishing da kuma aiki masana'antu ne sõmammu da yawan da ya rage ba tare da aiki ...

Matsalolin muhalli na da Aral Sea ya shafa ba kawai Aral Sea yankin. Daga cikin bushe surface da aka yada a shekara fiye da dubu 100. Ton na gishiri da ƙura daga abin da ake gauraya daban-daban poisons da sinadarai, da m tasiri a kewaye da rai. Karuwan gurbatawa sakamako na taimaka wa gaskiya cewa Aral Sea aka located a cikin hanyar wani karfi jet rafi na iska, wanda na taimaka wa mai kura kau a high yadudduka da yanayi, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa burbushi na gishiri gudana lura a Turai da kuma ko da (wanda zai yi tunanin!) Arctic Ocean .

Tare da ragewan na ruwa matakin a cikin Aral saukar da ruwan karkashin kasa matakin da a gaggauta aiwatar da kwararowar hamada da suke kewaye da ƙasa. Tun da tsakiyar 1990s, maimakon lush kore shrubs, itatuwa da ganye suna gani a nan kawai rare bim shuke-shuke (Halophyte da Xerophytes) saba da bushe da Saline kasa. Dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsãye, a cikin yin haka, kiyaye ba fiye da rabi daga cikin 'yan qasar jinsunan. A sauyin yanayi a cikin 100 kilometer yankin na asali ƙirin canja a hunturu ya colder bazara - tsananin zafi rage matakin na zafi, wanda, ba shakka, shafi adadin hazo ya zama mafi sau da yawa lura fari da kuma ciyayi lokaci rage.

Hallaka cikin yanayi na iya zama sosai da sauri, da kuma sake gina - wani tsari dogon da wuya. Complete sabuntawa na Aral Sea, alas, ba zai yiwu ba, amma yunkurin da ake yi (da unsuccessfully) da dawo da arewacin - Kananan Aral. Gwamnatin Kazakhstan da taimako na bankin duniya, yana shan matakai don inganta ruwa matakin kuma, da ita rage gwargwado.