Gum da Upper Trading Layuka Moscow: description, tarihi da kuma gine-gine da siffofin

Danko, dake a cikin zuciya na Moscow, har 1953 da aka sani da Upper Trading Layuka. Its gini - mai da muhimmanci sosai gine-gine abin tunawa na tarayya muhimmanci. Gum - daya daga cikin manyan Department a Turai. Yana maida hankali ne akan wani babban yanki - kwata daga babban birnin kasar. Babban facade kauda kai da Red Square.

Yi da wani zamani Gum nufin da 1890-93 biennium. AN Lemu ne m na wannan gini, kuma VG Shukhov - ya m.

Ta yaya Upper Trading Layuka Moscow

Shekarar da aka kafa domin sanin yau da wuya ta yiwu. Bisa ga takardun da suka shafi cikin 17th karni, wanda ya kasance a kan Red Square shopping arcades sun cibiyar wholesale da Retail cinikayya a cikin babban birnin kasar. A cikin shekaru tsakanin Ilinka da Nikolskaya ya dogon biyu-storey gini, da aka sani da Upper Trading Layuka. M shi qawata abin tunawa ga Minin da Pozharsky. Bayan da ginin akwai da yawa daga kananan katako bencina, wanda sukan ƙone a lokacin da wutar Moscow. Musamman harshen flared sau da yawa a cikin hunturu. Su Babban dalilin shi ne yin amfani da lura makeshift stoves domin dumama a cikin sanyi. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokacin mai tsanani wuta wanda ya faru a 1812, da kwata da shagunan ko ta yaya ya tsira.

A sabon ginin

A sabon ginin na Moscow Upper Trading Layuka aka gina a 1815. O. Beauvais ne ya m. Building bayan da ginin ya kasu kashi daban sassa, na zuwa masu zaman kansu masu. Lokacin shi ne lokacin da za a overhaul, ya bayyana cewa kafin su sami amsa ga shi dukkan masu ne ba zai yiwu ba. A sakamakon rashin goyon baya da ginin da ke cikin irin wannan dilapidated jihar da cewa da zarar wata mace kokarin a kan wani dress a cikin shagon, karya ta kafa, fadi ta cikin bene, rotted kan lokaci.

Halittar hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanin

A cikin marigayi 19th karni, lokacin da kasar samu wani iko da masana'antu da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki, Moscow Gwamna-Janar yanke shawarar rushe tsohon gini, da gina wani sabon daya. Duk da haka, sake da masu ba su yarda da shawara domin warware su mallakar dukiyoyi. Bugu da kari, ga kananan ciniki, har ma ya fi sauki short fuska kudi lalata. The masu ginin yanke shawarar kirkiro musamman hukumar zabi cikin unacceptable yanayi, zuwa ga birnin hukumomi. A Moscow Duma ba zai iya yarda a kan su, don haka al'amarin da aka jinkirta. Tare da goyon bayan Moscow Gwamna-Janar a 1880, gini masu dole ne haifar da hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanin, da ake kira "Upper Trading Layuka".

A Moscow, shekaru shida baya, a 1886, an kafa kwamitin da ya kafa doka tsara don tsara da aiwatar da gyara da tsohon gini. The sarki da kaina amince da Yarjejeniya, sa'an nan ya fara shari'ar a kan dukiya hakkin a ƙasa. da dogon-jiran yarjejeniyar da aka samu a watan Agusta 1888. Kashi biyu cikin uku na masu je wa Society, sa'an nan aka zabe ta a jirgin. A rabo babban birnin kasar amounted zuwa 9.408.400 rubles. Hannun jari na maras muhimmanci darajar daga abin da yake 100 rubles, aka bayar ga cikakken adadin.

Project A. Pomerantseva

Nuwamba 15, 1888 harba kashe kasa gasar. Daga fadin kasar samu kayayyaki ga sabon ginin na Upper Trading Layuka. A tsohon shagunan sun fara rushe wannan rana. A cikin duka, 23 ayyukan da aka gabatar da kwamiti, aikin A. Pomerantseva gane a matsayin mafi kyau. Bayar da wannan m line tare da babban bukatun na gasar. Dace da kuma rationality hada da kammala aikin Pomerantseva Upper Trading Layuka a Moscow. The gine-gine da style of su ci gaba da cancantarsa. A gini ne reminiscent na tsohon gini.

The gine-gine style za a iya bayyana a matsayin na karya. Upper Trading Layuka Moscow, bisa ga AA Pomerantseva, hada biyu gine-gine. A halin yanzu, daya daga cikinsu da aka sani da danko, yayin da wasu da aka gina a cikin tsohon Dumi darajõji. Ita ma ya tsira zuwa yau. A gini ne sized dan kadan karami fiye da danko. Ya zo daga kan titi karshen. Ilinka. Saboda haka, a gane danko da kuma Upper Trading Layuka ba quite dama.

Gina wani sabon hadaddun da ta bude

The hukuma bikin na kwanciya da sabon saman jerin da ya faru a watan Mayu 1890, kuma ya samu halartar muhimman mutane - wakilan gwamnati da kuma birnin gwamnati. Ginin da aka kammala a 1893. A Upper Trading Layuka Moscow yanzu shi ne babban hadaddun kunsha na biyu gine-gine da kuma cikin karkashin kasa shopping titi, wanda aka sanye take da tsakiyar dumama da kuma ikon shuka.

Kwanan wata na bude shopping malls - Disamba 2, 1893 A kan wannan lokaci, birnin da mazauna ke karantawa a addu'a, sa'an nan kuma Sergei Alexandrovich, babban shugaba, tare da matarsa Elizabeth ta ziyarci yi da kaina. Upper Trading Layuka Moscow ya zama tun ba kawai wani fatauci abu. A karkashin gilashin rufin ginin da dama a kan dukan iyalan to ji dadin daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma m gine-gine na Moscow. Hotuna bayar a sama, shafi 1893.

New Upper Trading Layuka

Sabon gano Upper Trading Layuka (Gum ginin) ne uku-storey kunshi 3 tsaye Tsarki. Overlapping sassa - karfe arched truss da 16-mita glazed bays. A cikin ginin akwai uku da dakuna.

Kamar yadda kafin, da kasuwanci yanki da aka raba tsakanin masu. Duk da haka, yanzu shi ne na gyaran gashi, ba shop. Located a cikin sabon ginin kasuwar wuraren sallamãwa shahararrun kamfanonin. Ba abin mamaki ba, saboda tsada sosai kudin na Feresa da ya zama a cikin wani alatu gini kamar yadda Upper Trading Layuka Moscow. Su gine ja hankalin, da kuma ciki ya a tsawo. Da kyau ƙãre, yũlã bayyananniya madubai, tattali da na marmari furniture, su ne mai ban mamaki. A total of 322 sashen on 3 benaye. Suna iya saya wani irin abinci ko masana'antu kayayyakin. ginshiki da dakuna na ginin yi nufi ga wholesale cinikayya.

A cikin nassi, domin jawo hankalin karin masu saye da masu sayarwa fara miƙa ƙarin ayyuka. Alal misali, a cikin Upper Trading Layuka bayyana reshe na kasa da kasa Moscow Bank. shi ma ya fara aiki kayan ado da engraving nazarinsa, wanzami, gidan waya, likitan hakori ta ofishin. Da bude daga cikin gidan cin abinci da ya faru a 1895

muhimmanci sababbin abubuwa

A cikin tsohon kwana a cikin kananan shagunan da mai sayarwa da mai saye ya ayyana kudin wani samfurin. Yawancin lokaci, farashin ya muni, don haka saye da cinikinku ka saukar da ita. Yanzu, a karon farko da muka fara yin amfani da farashin lists, don haka da cewa mutane sun rasa gargajiya nisha. Wani mai ban sha'awa al'amari shi ne cewa shi ya Upper Trading Layuka Moscow (m - Pomeranian) - sashen store, wadda da farko ta bayyana a cikin Rasha littafin na gunaguni da kuma shawarwari. A karshe, a yi, shi ne ya fara amfani da dokokin bisa ga abin da abokin ciniki ne ko da yaushe dama. A Upper Trading Layuka bude tufafi, ta fara aiki da tunani. Mun fara tsara kide da kuma nune-nunen, m maraice.

Upper Trading Layuka bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin

Bayan abin da ya faru a 1917, juyin juya halin shagunan dake a cikin ginin, aka nationalized. Sai suka rufe sa'an nan kuma sake bude kan ƙuduri V. I. Lenina. Duk da haka, harkokin ciniki a cikin nassi bayan da nationalization aka waning. Ta tsaya gaba ɗaya bayan 1918. A gini na Upper Trading Layuka Moscow (danko) yanzu ya fara a yi amfani da daban-daban hukumomin. A sau daya marmari gyaran gashi kawo desks, da kuma jami'an cika dakin. A gini na Upper Trading Layuka Moscow shi ne kyawawan m wuri. Na farko, shi kashe dumama, sa'an nan da ikon tashar located a cikin ginshiki ya malale, lokacin da ruwa, sakamakon tsarin da bata da wutar lantarki.

A lokacin NEP

A 1920 da kamfanonin mallakar jihar, ya fara gabatar da kai-kudi. Tun wannan lokacin, masu kera iya jefa nasu bangare na nasu kayayyakin. Wadannan shekaru suna da aka sani a tarihi a matsayin lokaci na New Tattalin Policy (NEP). A yawa na kamfanonin da aka ranta. Upper Trading Layuka raba wannan rabo. The State Department Store gini (- Gum for short) is located in 1921. Duk da haka, yayin da nassi ya ba da babban wuri, yadda za a san shi a gabani. Kuma shi sayar a Gum yafi stationery.

Sashen store a cikin 1930s kuma 1940s

Ba dole ne a ce cewa Upper Trading Layuka a matsayin store dade ba. Tuni a cikin 1930s. gabatarwa sun sake fara zuwa shige karkashin ofishin kazalika a sha'anin, ciki har da bugu latsa ya Sovnarkom, wanda ya yi aiki har 1995. A daidai da Janar Shirin na Moscow Ma'anar kalmar sake gini, soma a 1935, da Red Square da aka kamata su fadada. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole don gudanar da danko. Duk da haka, wannan aikin da aka ba gane. Gum tsaya a cikin Great Patriotic War. Shi ne daga nan Yu. B. Levitan 9 May 1945 ba da Russia da kyau labarai na Jamus sallama.

A shekarar 1947, a kan ginin gaba looming barazana. A Red Square a lokacin da muka yanke shawarar kafa wani abin tunawa sadaukar da nasara a yakin duniya na II. Danko, kamar yadda ya yi da initiators wannan sha'anin, hana ta aiwatar. Duk da haka, ginin sake tsira da wani farin ciki daidaituwa. A Red Square tunawa da bai bayyana.

A Tarurrukan na danko

A 1953, Tarurrukan da danko. Da shi shi ne lokaci na Khrushchev ta narke. Wannan lokacin da aka yanke shawarar da su saki da danko daga cibiyoyin da hannu a shi. Da maimaitawa na ginin. Ciniki kayan aiki, kayan aiki, kayan gini da aka sufuri daga daban-daban birane da Tarayyar Soviet. Sashe na daga cikin Stores bude ko da a gaban aikin da aka kammala.

Farfado Gum kantin sayar da ya zama mafi girma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. A yawa na kayan da aka tsĩrar wa samu. A kantin sayar da ya sahu wata babbar jerin gwano. 'Yan sanda patrols sarrafawa taro. A total of 11 sassan sashen yana can don sayar da shirye-sanya tufafi, Textiles, knitted dukiya, lilin, takalma, furniture da katĩfun Abkara, kayan gida, toys da kuma stationery, huluna da Jawo, na wasanni kaya. Overall kantin sayar da kewayon mafi girma daga 30 dubu abubuwa.

wani maimaitawa

Gum a tsakiyar shekarun 1960s, kusan rushe sake, duk da haka, ginin sake sa'a. Sashen ba kawai kiyaye su, amma kuma ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya bayan shiga da wadannan shagunan: "Belgrade", "Matasa", "Prague", "Simferopol", "crystal" da "Leipzig". Wani maimaitawa na danko sashen kantin sayar da aka kammala a 1985. A shekarar 1987 ya zama wani ɓangare na kantin kayan miya Eliseev.

A centenary na da samuwar kamfanin

A 1993 muka alama da centenary na samuwar hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanin "Upper Trading Layuka". A dukan mako tafi a kan bikin lokaci. Mutane da yawa Figures na kimiyya da al'adu, kazalika da kasuwanci mutanen da suka sashi a cikinsa. A Gum main ƙofar (daga Red Square) da aka kaddamar a wadannan kwanaki.

sashen yau

Yau ne babban kantin sayar da sashen shopping da kuma nisha cibiyar, wanda ya gana da zamani da bukatun. Farfadowa da na'ura Shago da aka gudanar kwanan nan. Dare haske ado da babban facade na danko sashen store. Tun 2006, da gaban shagon patines Rink a hunturu. Kusan kowace yawon shakatawa wanda ya isa a birnin Moscow, okin ya ziyarci Upper Trading Layuka (danko). The style of ginin nuna Rasha ruhu, da kuma a cikin ku zai iya samun mai yawa ban sha'awa abubuwa.