A administrative-yankin rabo na Rasha: Tarihi da kuma wayewar

Gudanarwa-yankin rabo ne daya daga cikin babban aka gyara daga cikin manufar "nau'i na gwamnati." A yi na manyan kasashe, kazalika da wani bambancin da kwarewa na kasar mu ya tabbatar da cewa yadda competently shirya a yankin sharuddan kasar dogara, Inter Alia, ta bunƙasa tattalin arziki da kuma kyautata zaman rayuwar al'ummominsu.

Gudanarwa rarrabu a zamani yanayi ne mai wuyar ganewa a jihar da kuma shari'a cibiyoyin, tare da wanda ba kawai na samar da] aukacin iko da ƙasa, amma kuma bayar da zama dole siyasa, akida da kuma zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da dalilin kara ci gaba da al'umma.

A administrative-yankin rabo daga cikin Rasha Empire lokaci, kusan a karshe form aka kafa ko da a karkashin Catherine II. Yana da aka lokacin da ta sarautar dukan ƙasar da aka raba 50 larduna, da bi da bi ya kasu kashi gundumomi. Yana da daraja biya da hankali ga gaskiya cewa administrative-yankin rabo daga Rasha a lokacin da aka bisa ba a kan kasa, ko duk wani tarihi ãyã, kuma amma kawai a kan yawan jama'a. Saboda haka, a lardin shi ne wani ɓangare na ƙasa, tare da yawan jama'a na 300 zuwa 400 da mutane dubu.

Wannan yankin rabo na Rasha ya bi da dama manufofin. A daya hannun, wadannan yankuna sun kasance sauƙin sarrafa, ajiye su lafiya da kuma tilasta gida mutane biya haraji. A daya hannun, kamar guda yawan mazauna duniya kawo daga ra'ayi na haraji, kusan m zuwa haraji, don haka karfi imbalances ba a cikin bunƙasa tattalin arziki na wasu yankunan. A karshe, uku, da rabo daga cikin ƙasar, densely lugar tare da wakilan wani musamman kabila, da dama larduna da, bisa ga tsakiyar hukumomi, to cin zarafi rage so ga 'yancin kai da kuma separatism.

Quite a kan sauran ka'idoji, dauke da fitar administrative-yankin rabo na Rasha, kusantar da shugabannin Soviet lokaci. A daya hannun, su ne kan gaba wajen saka tattalin arziki yiwuwa na rabuwa da wasu yankuna da yankuna, da kuma a kan wasu, - da shugabannin biyu da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma RSFSR, ba haka sauki tsayar daga son zuciyarsa na wani yawan kasashe a samu a kalla da al'adu da kuma yankin cin gashin . Wani lokaci wadannan trends ne a rikicin da juna, abu zuwa iri-iri na canje-canje a cikin yankin tsarin da kasar.

Saboda haka, a farkon shekaru na Soviet ikon akwai wani tsari na disaggregation na haihuwa lardunan sarki, wanda ya kai ga zargin bangarori kamar Sverdlovsk, Cherepovets ko Tsaritsynskaya. Bugu da kari, a lokacin daidai wannan lokacin akwai sabon aiki jama'a ilimi, wanda a yau 'yan mutane tuna - ƙungiya daga Jamus na Volga yankin, Arewa Caucasus jumhuriya, Lithuanian-Belarushiyanci Jamhuriyar da sauransu.

Daga bisani, da dukan administrative da kuma yankin bambancin aka maye gurbinsu bayyananne tsarin, wanda ya hada da wani uku-bene management system: yankin (Region) - District - yankunan. Bayan tsakiyar 1930s. districting aka dauke marasa fahimta, administrative-yankin rabo daga cikin RSFSR soma da tsari a cikin abin da ta wanzu har da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet.

A yankin rabo daga cikin Rasha Federation, tun gaji yawa daga Soviet lokaci, shi ya canza duka biyu quantitatively da qualitatively. A musamman, maimakon na 16 m jamhuriyoyin cewa kasance wani ɓangare na RSFSR, yanzu dubu 21 a Rasha jumhuriya, da hakkoki da abubuwan da yanci ya wanda ake ƙwarai inganta.

Kusan duk na Zhicheng, tare da togiya daga cikin Yahudawa da kuma m yankuna ma samu matsayi na jamhuriyoyin, sharply tsaya daga yankuna da kuma yankuna. A sabon halin da batutuwa na Rasha Federation nanata ba kawai ta hanyar da kundin tsarin mulki, soma a shekara ta 1993, amma kuma hadin yarjejeniyar da aka kammala tsakanin Center da kuma yankuna a farkon shekarun 1990s.

A administrative-yankin rabo na Rasha yanzu wucewa ta sosai wuya lokaci. Wannan shi ne saboda, a hannu daya, da cewa mafi batutuwa ba zai iya da kansa cika zamantakewa wajibai, da kuma a kan wasu - don haka cewa akwai har yanzu tashin hankali da hatsarin aware jin zuciya a lamba na kasa jamhuriyoyin.