Kerawa da biography na Moliere

Daya daga cikin mafi m da eccentric mutane na XVII karni a Faransa - Zhan Batist Moliere. Tarihinsa aka yi sama da hadaddun kuma a lokaci guda majestic matakai a cikin aiki da kuma aikin.

iyali

Haife Jean-Batistv 1622 a cikin wani aristocratic iyali, wanda shi ne mai ci gaba sosai tsoho irin bourgeois Draper. Duk da yake irin wannan zama da aka dauke su da wani riba da kuma girmamawa. Uba na da comedy an girmamawa, shawara na sarki da kafa musamman makaranta ga yara na kotu, wanda baya ya fara ziyarci Moliere. A wannan ma'aikata, Jean-Baptiste aniya karatu Latin, wanda ya taimake shi a saukin fahimta da kuma koyi dukan ayyukan da sanannen Roman marubuta. Wannan Moliere fassara zuwa ƙasarsa ta Faransa harshen waka "A cikin yanayin abubuwa," Roman Falsafa Lucretius. Abin baƙin ciki, da canja wurin da rubutun da aka ba kowa, kuma ba da jimawa bace. Mafi m, an ƙone a wuta a studio Molière.

A umurnin mahaifinsa, Jean-Baptiste samu babbar a lokacin wani kimiyya digiri na Licentiate doka. Moliere ta rayuwa da aka hadaddun da kuma arziki.

farkon shekaru

A matasa Jean wani karfi da fan da kuma wakilin sa'an nan rare Epicureanism (daya daga cikin falsafar ƙungiyoyi). Saboda wannan sha'awa, ya sanya da yawa amfani da lambobi, a gaskiya akwai quite m, kuma m mutane daga nan Har wa yau.

lauya ta aiki ya ba da muhimmanci ga Moliere, kamar yadda mahaifinsa craft. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa saurayi zaba wa kansa Theatrical Trend in aiki. Biography Moliere sake tabbatar mana son zuciyarsa don inganta da kuma wani marmarin isa wurin zamansa a duniya na Theatrical art.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa asali Moliere - a Theatrical laƙabi cewa Jean-Baptiste Poquelin ya zaɓi ya ba da cikakken suna milozvuchnosti. Amma sannu a hankali wannan sunan ya aka sani ba kawai a Theatrical ayyuka, amma kuma a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. A ganawar da nan sosai shahara Faransa barkwanci Bejart juya rayuwar Jean-Baptiste juya juye, saboda daga baya ya zama shugaban da wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin ya kasance kawai 21 shekaru da haihuwa. A nagartattu kunshi 10 novice yan wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma aiki ya inganta da Moliere wasan kwaikwayo kasuwanci da kuma kawo shi zuwa ga wani ƙarin masu sana'a matakin. Abin baƙin ciki, da sauran Faransa sinimomi, yawan gasar, Jean-Baptiste, don haka gidan cin abinci da aka rufe. Bayan wani farko gazawar a rayuwa, Zhan Batist da yawo nagartattu fara tafiya a kan garin a cikin bege da samun fitarwa akalla akwai kuma sami kudi domin kara ci gaba da kuma gina da kansa gini ga wasanni.

Moliere yi a lardin game da shekaru 14 (ainihin ranar a kan wannan al'amari na rayuwarsa, da rashin alheri, bai tsira). Af, a lokaci guda a Faransa akwai wani yakin basasa, zanga-zangar da kuma 'yan adawa na mutane, don haka m tafiya nagartattu aka bai wa ma fi wuya, da hukuma biography na Moliere ce riga a wannan lokaci na rayuwarsa ya aka tsanani za a fara harkokin kasuwanci.

A Jean-Baptiste lardin rubuta wani babban yawan nasa kwaikwaiyo da Theatrical tatsuniyoyinsu, a matsayin nagartattu ta sharhin da aka quite m kuma uninteresting. 'Yan daga cikin ayyukan wannan lokaci sun tsira. Jerin wasu daga cikin plays:

1. "Kishi Barbula". Wannan wasa da aka alfahari da Moliere kansa. Ayyukan da nomadic lokaci, ya karbi kyau sake dubawa daga sukar.

2. "National likita."

3. "Doctor-pedant."

4. "Three likitoci."

5. "Ƙarya da goof."

6. "Gorgibus a wani tsokana."

Personal rai

A 1622 Moliere hukumance daura da kulli da ya budurwa Amandoy Bezhar. Ta kasance 'yar'uwar cewa wannan kamanci Madeleine, wanda ya gana da Jean-Baptiste farkon a cikin aiki da kuma godiya ga mijinta wanda ya dauki lura da wasan kwaikwayo daga cikin goma mutane.

A shekaru bambanci tsakanin Jean-Baptiste da Amanda ne daidai da shekaru 20. A lokacin da ya aure ya kasance shekaru 40 da haihuwa da kuma ta - 20. A bikin aure ba su ba a cikin jama'a, don haka babban rabo na kawai kusa abokai da dangi na mutane da aka gayyata. Af, amarya ta uwãyensa sun kasance ba gamsu da zabi na 'yarsa aka ƙoƙarin tilasta ta karbi alkawari. Duk da haka, ba ta rakumi da entreaties na zumunta, kuma nan da nan bayan bikin aure tsaya sadarwa tare da uwarsa da ubansa.

A lokacin aure, Amanda haifi mijinta da 'ya'ya uku, amma ba za mu iya ce cewa ma'auratan ba farin ciki a cikin jam'iyya. A babbar shekaru bambancin da daban-daban bukatun aka bai sani game da kanka. Creativity Moliere a lokacin da ya aure ta nuna yafi labarin kusa da iyalinsa halin da ake ciki.

sirri halaye

Jean-Baptiste za a iya bayyana a matsayin quite m hali. Ya aka bashe zuwa karshen aikinsa, duk rayuwarsa - wani m da kuma wasan kwaikwayo wasanni. Abin takaici, mafi yawan masu bincike da ya biography har yanzu ba zai iya zo da wani tabbataccen yanke shawara game da sirri hoto, saboda data ba ya zama haka a daidai wannan hanya kamar yadda a cikin yanayin da Shakespeare, sun dogara a kan ta maganar bakinka labaru da Legends game da wannan mutumin da kuma da su kan yi kokarin yin amfani da m hanyoyin sanin da yanayi.

Har ila yau, koyan mai yawa ayyuka da Jean-Baptiste, yana yiwuwa su kusantar da wasu karshe game da rayuwarsa a general. Moliere ko ta yaya aikata duk abin da ya tabbatar da cewa ya ainihi ya rage sosai kadan data. A manyan yawan ayyukan da ya yi, ya halaka ta, sai mu bai zo ba to fiye da 50 da ya kwaikwaiyo da kuma productions data. Halaye na Moliere, bisa ga maganar Sahaban, ya ce ya kasance mai girmama mutumin a Faransa, wanda ya kasa kunne ga ra'ayin da yawa daga mutãne, na kotu, har ma da 'yan mutane daga gidan sararta.

Ya sosai 'yanci-ƙauna, don haka ya rubuta da yawa ayyukan game da mutum, game da yadda za ka bukatar ka tashi sama su sani da kuma ci gaba da sake tunani su dabi'u. Shi ne ya kamata a lura cewa babu wani daga cikin ayyukan da 'yanci ba ce a kai tsaye mahallin, domin irin wannan mataki zai iya daukarsa a kira zuwa ga fitina da kuma yakin basasa, wanda dade haka kullum a na da Faransa.

Jean-Baptiste Moliere. Biography da kuma aikin

Kamar yadda da dukan aikin marubuta da kuma playwrights Moliere hanya ne zuwa kashi wasu matakai (da shi ba shi da wata hujja lokaci, duk da haka, suna wakiltar wani daban-daban shugabanci da kuma nuna wani irin polarity sokewa a ban mamaki ayyukan).

A lokacin da Paris lokaci, Jean-Baptiste ya rare tare da sarki da kuma kasar ta Elite, kuma haka tsiwirwirinsu fitarwa. Bayan wani dogon nomadic kasar, nagartattu koma zuwa Paris da kuma LOUVRE tsaye a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da wani sabon sharhin. Yanzu kwarewa ne bayyananne: lokacin ciyar da m yi suna ji. A cikin play "Love Doctor" ya samu halartar sarki da kansa, wanda bayan gabatar da kaina gode marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo. Bayan wannan ya faru a cikin rayuwar Zhana Batista ya fara da fari stripe.

Next yi "Funny prude" su ma sun sami babban rabo mai girma daga cikin jama'a da kuma ya samu da kyau sake dubawa daga sukar. Moliere yayin da tattara sanarwa.

Mataki na biyu, a cikin halittar Jean-Baptiste gabatar da irin wannan kayayyakin:

1. "Tartuffe". A storyline da labari ne da nufin isgilancinsu ga limaman, wanda a lokacin dadin low shahararsa a tsakanin jama'a na France saboda m gunaguni na kwace, da kuma a kan ayyukan da wasu wakilan da m coci. A play aka buga a 1664 da kuma aka buga a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na tsawon shekaru biyar. A play ya kaifi satire wasu har da yanayin da comedy.

2. "Don Juan." Idan baya play da Jean-Baptiste barnatar da nuna jigo na coci da kuma sanya nishadi na duk da ma'aikata, a cikin wannan aiki, ya satirically nuna da dokokin rayuwa da mutane, da hali da kuma kyawawan dabi'u, wanda, a ganina, sun yi nisa da manufa, da kuma kawo duniya kawai korau da mãsu yin zina. Tare da wannan wasa da wasan kwaikwayo ya yi tafiya, kusan duk na Turai. A wasu ƙasashe wannan An sayar fita, cewa ra'ayin da aka buga biyu ko sau uku. Jean-Baptiste Moliere sanya da yawa amfani da lambobi a lokacin wannan tafiya zuwa Turai.

3. "The Misanthrope." A wannan aikin marubucin fi yi izgili da na da tushe na rayuwa. Wannan wasa ne mafi nasara misali na high comedy na XVII karni. Saboda da yawa muhimmancin da wuya daga cikin mãkirci sanarwa da shi ba a karɓa daga cikin mutane, kazalika da da aikin Zhana Batista. Wannan ya sa marubucin don sake wasu al'amurran da aikinsa da kuma wasan kwaikwayo aiki, saboda haka ya yanke shawarar ya dauki hutu a samar da kwaikwaiyo da kuma rubuce-rubuce rubutun.

wasan kwaikwayo Moliere

Wasanni na marubucin nagartattu, inda ya kuma uchuvstvoval kusan ko da yaushe ya sa wani flurry na motsin zuciyarmu daga masu sauraro. The daraja daga cikin wasanni bazu ko'ina Turai. A wasan kwaikwayo ya zama a bukatar zuwa yanzu fiye da kan iyakoki na France. Big magoya na Moliere karfe da kuma Birtaniya connoisseurs of high Theatrical art.

Wasan kwaikwayo Moliere daban-daban mataki-cushe wasanni na zamani mutum dabi'u. Addashin kasance ko da yaushe a tsawon. Af, Jean-Baptiste da kansa bai taba rasa matsayin su, ya ba ki da aiki ko da rashin lafiya, kuma ya yi rashin lafiya. Yana magana akan mutum mai girma ta soyayya ga aikinsa.

haruffa marubucin

Jean-Baptiste Moliere gabatar da wani yawa na ban sha'awa mutane a ayyukansu. Ka yi la'akari da mafi m da eccentric:

1. Sganarelle - wannan hali da aka ambata a cikin wani yawan ayyuka da marubucin na plays. A cikin play "The Flying Doctor" shi ne - protagonist, shi ne wani bawan Valera. Saboda nasarar da sanarwa da kuma aiki a matsayin dukan, Moliere yanke shawarar yin amfani da wannan hali a cikin sauran ayyuka (misali, Sganarelle za a iya gani a "Kirkiro Cuckold", "Don Giovanni", "Doctor Willy-nilly", "School for Maza"), da kuma sauran ayyuka na farkon lokaci na kerawa Zhana Batista.

2. Géronte - gwarzo, wanda za a iya samu a cikin comedies na Moliere na gargajiya da zamani. A kwaikwaiyo ne wata alama ce senility da gigin-tsufa wasu iri mutane.

3. Harpagon - tsohon mutum, wanda aka halin halaye kamar maƙaryaciya, kuma sha'awar ga enrichment.

comedy ballets

Biography Moliere nuna cewa wannan irin kayan zane ne a cikin balagagge lokaci na kerawa. Saboda karfafa dangantaka tare da kotun, Jean-Baptiste Halicci sabon salo, wanda aka tsara don gabatar da sabon guda a cikin nau'i na rawa. Af, wannan} ir} ya kasance mai real nasara daga cikin masu sauraro.

Da farko comedy-rawa aka kira "m" da kuma aka rubuta da kuma gabatar da su ga jama'a a 1661.

Ban sha'awa Legends game da mutum

Akwai unconfirmed labari cewa Moliere matarsa kuwa a zahiri nasa ya, haife a sakamakon sadarwar da Madlen Bezhar. Dukan tarihin na cewa Madeleine da Amanda sun 'yan'uwanku mãtã, aka dauke ta wasu mutane ƙarya. Duk da haka, wannan bayani da aka ba a tabbatar da daya ne kawai labari.

Wani labarin ya ce a zahiri Moliere ya ba marubucin aikinsa. Ya wai amsa a madadin na Pierre Corneille. Wannan labari ne mai tartsatsi ne. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya ce cewa biography na Moliere ba ya dauke da irin wannan al'amari.

Late mataki na kerawa

Shekaru da dama daga baya, bayan da gazawar da "The Misanthrope," marubucin yanke shawarar da ya koma aiki da kuma ƙara da tarihi daga cikin play "Doctor Willy-nilly".

Biography Zhana Molera ce cewa a wannan lokaci, ya yi fun na bourgeoisie da arziki aji. Har ila yau ya tada batun a cikin plays na aure, ba bisa yardatayya.

Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da ayyukan Moliere

1. Jean-Baptiste aka buga wani sabon salo na comedy-rawa.

2. Ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi rigima mutane a Faransa a wannan lokaci.

3. Moliere kusan babu lamba tare da iyali, fifita su yi tafiya cikin duniya tare da wasanni ba tare da masu raka.

Mutuwa, kuma memorials Jean-Baptiste

Kafin na huɗu gabatar da "Kirkirar mara inganci" play (1673), Moliere shi da lafiya, amma duk yanke shawarar farkon tafi a kan mataki. The rawa ya taka leda m, amma bayan 'yan sa'o'i na play, ya yanayin rincabewa da ya mutu ba zato ba tsammani.

A girmamawa titi shi aka mai suna marubucin a Paris da kuma gina yawa memorials cikin Turai.