Zaba Works. Anthology - abin da yake da shi?

Tare da mafi tsoho fara up daban-daban collections, ya hada da wani karamin, yawanci epigraphic ayar ayyukan marubuta daban-daban. Ba dole ne a ce cewa a cikin shakka daga tarihi, wannan girma ba kawai na ayyukan adabi, amma kuma, misali, music, fina-finai, da sauransu. D. Suna kira anthologies. Wasu kamance da waɗanda suke daga rubutum ne paradigmatic kayan. Mene ne ma'anar kalmar "anthology"?

terminology

A ra'ayi yana Greek asalinsu. Mene ne kalmar nan "anthology"? A translation daga Girkanci - "flower", "launuka tarin". Dole ne in ce cewa, ban da waqe-waqe, tattara Jagora ko maxims sauran zaba ayyukansu. A zamanin da ya rare anthology na tunani. Shi ne ta hanyar wadannan tarin yau da muka sani da yawa faxin sages. Wanda farko anthology aka harhada? Mẽne ne a cikin zamani hankalta? Bari mu dubi wannan labarin.

labarin

Lokacin da na farko anthology aka harhada? Mene ne shi, muka yi bayani a sama, da kuma yanzu ba wasu tarihi bayanai. A farko tarawa na wannan tarin zama Meleager daga Syria. An kwanan rana 60th shekara BC. e. Daga cikin zamanin d marubuta za a iya ambata na Philippe na Thessaloniki, Straton na Sardisu da Diogeniana na Hercules. Duk da haka, duk wadannan tarin, sawa daban-daban sunayen ba a kiyaye su. Don kwanan zo daga baya taron. Alal misali, wani ban sha'awa anthology (abin da shi ne, da masana falsafa da sani da isasshen ta cewa lokaci) aka hada a cikin 10th karni Konstantinom Kefalom. Constantine amfani da tarin na magabata. A musamman, ayyukan Agatha. Wadannan tarin aka harhada Maksimom Planudom. Mutane da yawa masu bincike sun kõma karshe lokacin da binciken wannan anthology, shi ne mai tarin m gaske. An, duk da haka, a hada da wani yawan m epigrams, wanda ya kasance daga cikin ayyukan art. A mafi girma shahararsa da aka samu ta hanyar daya daga cikin na farko collections, harhada by John Lascaris. Daga bisani anthology aka sake buga shi sau da dama. Daga cikin dukkan data kasance bambance-bambancen kawai karshen da aka sa a fitar. Yana da aka Henry Stepan. Domin wannan anthology, marubucin ya yi amfani da wani iri-iri na kafofin.

Anthologia inedita

A 1606, da Heidelberg library Salmazy samu tsira kwafin anthologies jerin harhada Konstantinom Kefalom, kuma idan aka kwatanta shi da wani tarin Planuda. Bayan da aka rubuta duk na farko waka, wanda ba ya cikin biyu, shi ne wani sabon rubutun. Duk da haka, da samfurin bai yi aiki ba daga, kazalika da, a gaskiya, da littafin d'Orville. A lokacin da shekaru talatin da 'War, rubutun aka koma zuwa Roma, sa'an nan - a Paris (a cikin tsawon juyin juya halin Musulunci wars). A 1816, a karshe koma ga anthology na Heidelberg. A wannan lokaci, sau da yawa da aka buga excerpts daga tarin a excerpts ko a cika, karkashin lakabi Anthologia inedita.

rubutun d¯a

Zan iya cewa, duk da kaya da aka kara baya idyll kasida, epigrams, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa ayyuka samu a daban-daban inscriptions da kuma rubuce-rubucen, da aka buga a 1776 Brunkov. Sa'an nan rubutun aka kofe Jacobs tare da wasu omissions da kuma bayani. Wadannan guda marubucin shirya kuma na biyu taron kan sanya a 1776 a Roma kofe. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan anthology gabatar da wani tarin Constantine Kefala da a haɗe Planuda epigrams. Domin wannan edition a cikin shekaru 1828-1829 ya kara kari, kõma daga wani iri-iri na kafofin, Welker. A Paris a kan wani irin makirci da comments da kuma canja wurin cikin Latin Dyubnera (ya mutu kafin kammala na biyu girma) a cikin 1864-1872 ta. akwai wani sabon edition. The mutum zabi wurare da aka fassara a cikin Jamus.

Wallafe-wallafe Wasu kasashe

A cikin mutanen gabas ne da yawa collections, wanda dauke da dama ya'ya daga poetic ayyukansu, na ga wannan marubucin, ko excerpts tattara a kan takamaiman batutuwa na mafi kyau marubuta ko kasida. Sau da yawa, suna shiga da kuma sada bayanin kula, wanda aka saita fito a shekara-shekara domin. A mafi tsufa da aka sani anthology ne da mutane na kasar Sin. Wannan rubutun da aka yi mai taken "Shi Jing" da kuma nasa ne da canonical bugu. Its marubucin dauke Confucius. Bit anthological collections ne a Sanskrit wallafe-wallafe. Larabawa a cikin wannan girmamawa da ɗan aukaka. Daga gare su, dole ne in ce, hadisin ya tabbata a zabe collections ya wuce zuwa Farisa. Bi da bi, da Persian taron shi ne wani misali na Hindu Musulmi, Ottoman, Turkish rubuce-rubucen.

Daban-daban tarin na ayyukan wurare ne m da kuma tarihi, ko ilimi batutuwa.

Ya kamata a ce cewa a cikin lokaci, wadannan tarurruka suna harhada for daban-daban nau'o'i da kuma for daban-daban shekaru kungiyoyin (misali, "Anthology of Rasha yara adabi").

Roman rubuce-rubucen

Ya kamata a ce cewa ba shi ne ba samuwa ga wani Roman tarin. Shirin zanen anthologies fara marubuta na a baya lokacin. A kan aiwatar da suke kusantar da kayan daga babban tarin, wanda ya kasance daga cikin 6th karni, ko dauki ruwan 'ya'ya daga handwritten inscriptions da kuma rubuce-rubucen. A farko tarawa - Scala, wani anthology da aka buga a 1573. Daga bisani, an hadu ne da dama ayyukan Pete. Wannan edition, saki a 1590 shekara, Peter daukan Burman (ml.). Ya halicci rubutum, dauke da 1544 mutum poetic ayyukansu. Tarawa da kuma gyare-gyare, shi aka sake buga shi a 1835 da Mayer. A 1869 Rees ya sabon m taron wanda ya sallama mai yawa yana yiwuwa. Saboda haka, mu taƙaice tattauna manufar "anthology" abin shi ne, kuma wanda ya kasance na farko da marubuta.