Yi girma daga cikin ginin. Definition na ginin girma

Yi girma daga cikin ginin ya hada da girman da karkashin kasa da kuma sama-ƙasa sassa na shuka. Don sanin subsurface sigogi dauka daga cikin alamar nuni tsabta bene a kan benen kasa. Next, dauki mukalli, cewa shi ne gina girma daga cikin ginin da aka yi ĩmãni ya zama wannan darajar.

Overview

Mutane da yawa m cikin sharuddan na gina mutane sau da yawa dame wasu Concepts. Ba kowa ya san abin da wuri - zama da general. Ba kowa ba ne ya sani irin wannan abu a matsayin wani gini girma daga cikin ginin. A wasu lokuta, a da fahimtar sharuddan iya zama da amfani sosai.

rai sarari

A Apartment gine-gine da kuma dormitories, aka ƙaddara a matsayin Naira Miliyan Xari da yankunan da suke zaune da dakuna. A wannan yanayin, gina-in alkukai ba kidaya. An ba a yarda wuri na rayuwa da dakuna a dormitories kuma Apartment gine-gine a kan ginshiki da ƙasa benaye.

babban yanki

Wannan darajar ne Naira Miliyan Xari da yankunan da duk wurare. A wannan yanayin da muke da tuna kuma da mai amfani, da kuma rayuwa da dakuna, kazalika da mashigar kitchens, closets, barandar, dakunan wanka, wanka, toilets, iyali ajiya, shawa, mezzanine. Don dormitories a cikin lissafin suna kara zuwa yankin likita ofisoshin da kuma gabatarwa da al'adu da kuma al'umma nufi. A dormitories kuma Apartment gine-gine bazara tsawo (baranda, balconies, loggias) da kuma zaton fit a cikin ayyukan dabam. A general yankin na gidan bai hada barandar, lobbies, lif lobbies, matattakala da lobbies.

tasiri yanki

Ma'aunai suna sanya ta mutum partitions da kuma bango saman. Girma maharibai na 1.8 m tsawo hada da dakin, inda suke located. Haka ya shafi yankin na kasa, wanda yake a ƙarƙashin Maris matakala cikin Apartment (lokacin da nisa zuwa kasa daga cikin doguwar tsarin 1.6 m ko fiye). Ba a dauki la'akari da sarari shagaltar da doguwar tsarin sassa da kuma dumama abubuwa gagarumar wuta. Yana ba a dauke a sarari yankin a cikin ƙofar.

Total yanki na jama'a gine-gine

A lissafi hada da darajar samu ga kowane bene. A general yanki sun hada da girman da boye, ƙasa sassa, dagagge fasaha gabatarwa. Fasaha sigogi na karkashin kasa sassa na tsawo kasa da 1.8 m kasa da ginshiki, ƙasa kuma ta farko benaye ana ma ba ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi.

Yi girma daga cikin ginin: darajar da aka dauke a matsayin na sama-ƙasa sassa

A lissafi da aka yi da ya riɓaɓɓanya fannin wani kwance sashe na waje circumscription na yi daidai da na farko bene sama ginshiki ga tsawo (full) yi. A karshen darajar aka auna daga babba surface na rufi Layer a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi kasa tsaftace a 1st bene. Lokacin da lebur rufin Tsarin cikin lissafi na girma na ginin da aka dauka da talakawan alamar da na sama na rufin.

A karkashin kasa part

Yadda yin lissafi da girma na ginin a cikin karkashin kasa na shi? A wannan yanayin, multiplication aka yi waje girma na kwance giciye-bangaranci kwane-kwane na yi daidai da na farko bene sama da tushe da daukar nesa daga tsabta kasa 1st kasa da kasa matakin tushe ko ginshiki. A cikin rashi na ginshiki ganuwar m sassa na ginin yi girma ne m tare da tunani da waje kwane-kwane na yi bisa ga matakin da overlapping. Ma'aunai suna da za'ayi shan la'akari da kauri da wani plaster ko ta Layer. Lokacin da kirga gicciye-bangaranci yanki a kwance jirgin sama na gine-gine da cikakken bayani, protruding sama da ganuwar da maharibai da suke ba a cikin su, ba za a dauke. Saboda haka, bisa ga ka'idojin da suka shafi lasafta girma daga cikin ginin yi. Misali na dabara domin a karkashin kasa sassa:

V3 = S3 x H1.

S3 - bangaranci yanki a kwance ginshiki (ginshiki) a kan darajar auna da matakin na farko bene sama hula. H1 - tsawo daga saman na ƙãre kasa 1st bene.

abubuwa na gine-gine

A wasu lokuta shi wajibi ne yin lissafi da girma na ginin, wanda ya ƙunshi mutum aka gyara. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin sharuddan na sanyi, tsawo constructions. A wannan yanayin, taƙaice duk shiri kundin. By kayyade girma ga wani musamman na tsarin delimiting a sarari ake magana a bangon zone, cikinsa da gagara yayi dace a tsarin ko tsawo. Domin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi kasa a lissafin amfani da wani a tsaye sashe a kan m ganuwar circumscription hidima guardrail a kan yi tsawon. Ma'aunai suna da za'ayi har zuwa babba jirgin sama na zafi insulating abu Layer ko ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi kasa (da in babu ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi) yin rufi. Yi kundin vestibules, bay windows, verandas, loggia, galleries da kuma wurare mikawa (sai dai gine-gine da bayani) ginin abubuwa, skylights da Dome zubar sama rufi jirgin sama, suke kunshe a cikin overall adadi. Ba a dauki la'akari lokacin da aunawa da darajar driveways, da shirayi, waje balconies, sarari a karkashin gini.

A girma daga gine-gine: general bayanai

A ilimin lissafi ne da za'ayi da ma'aunai na a-irin, da zane, size, kafa ta kaya shirin. A raka'a ji a cikin abin da wani? Arfi ne, Ya sanya daga yi girma, ya kamata a yi amfani da sigogi samu a cikin kiyasta rates. An bã su a cikin dacewa sassa na tehrazdelah snip. Yi aikin bada shawarar da za a kiyasta daidai da misali Charts, alluna da kuma almara. Wadannan kayan sa shi yiwuwa a ganin hanya da kuma jerin lissafin. A kimantawa da Tables an yi amfani, wanda la'akari da bayani dalla-dalla na aiki. Gine-gine , an rubuta su a wani takamaiman jerin. Ya kamata ka fara da kafuwar kuma ginshiki katangu. Bayan nan, da adadin rami. Dabam shawarar kimantawa na karkashin kasa na ginin, kazalika da ba na zama da na zama yankunan.

Shakka daga cikin tsari

Kamar yadda aka ce a sama, lissafi na girma ne yake aikata a cikin wani takamaiman tsari. A lokacin tsari, ya bi da wadannan jerin:

• Familiarization da aikin kayan da ajiye su a wani sauki amfani da m hanya.
• Ci gaba da kuma shirye-shiryen da tabular siffofin.
• Tari na karin alluna na lissafin game da hankula abubuwa, aka gyara da kuma Tsarin.
• Lissafi na da girma na aikin da aikin dalla-dalla.
• Evaluation ga tsarin abubuwa da kuma abin da ba a rufe ta da jaddadawa.

shawarwari

Amfani da wasu goyon bayan kayayyakin, zai iya ƙwarai sauƙaƙe aiki. shawarar:

• Shirya a gaba da karin tebur dauke da shirye kimomi ga hankula da kuma maimaituwa tsarin sassa, sassan da tsarin, iri sabis.
• Matsakaicin amfani siffofin gida kasafin kudi tare da wani jerin manyan ayyuka da kuma yi abubuwa, da kudin sigogi da boye-boye naúrar farashin.
• Don lissafa a wannan hanya, sakamakon na baya ayyuka za a iya amfani da a nan gaba.
• Matsakaicin amfani samuwa a cikin aikin kashi na jaddadawa a misali kayayyakin da area (amfani, general, da sauransu. D.).

Gazette cikin sharuddan ƙungiyoyin ayyukan yawanci kunshi lissafin ga takamaiman iri aiki da tsarin abubuwa. Ya kamata a haifa tuna cewa wadannan kayan da sub-kungiyoyin na shugabannin basu dace ba juna.

Don ƙarin bayani,

Kirgawa adadin aiki, kamar yadda ya bayyana a sama, shi ne da za'ayi a cikin wani SNP sa raka'a. Wadannan sun hada da, musamman, sun hada da m ³ inji mai kwakwalwa., T, m ^2, da sauransu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa Kalmar "kiyasta kundin" na nufin wani adadi da aka ƙaddara bisa ga zane da kuma amfani a kima na kiyasta kudin. Ilimin lissafi yawanci samar da art (Engineering). Don bi da mafi m sakamakon shawarar rechecking kiyasta ma'aikatan m.

Ko prefabricated kankare da karfafa kankare Tsarin

Bayani dalla-dalla kima na adadin aiki a kan su na'urar kunshi a gaskiyar cewa naúrar farashin la'akari da kafa sabis a kan shigarwa na sassa ba tare da kudin. A wannan batun, da kimanta azurta biyu matsayi. A farko - domin sanin da kudin shigarwa na naúra farashin. Na biyu - da yin lissafi da gina halin kaka a halin yanzu rates a kan su. A tsari ne da wuya da cewa a wasu lokuta, da ainihi da kuma wholesale kudin zai yi daban-daban sigogi. Saboda haka, misali, da kiyasta kudi na matakalan kafuwa aka saka a kan wani guda tsarin. Wholesale guda farashin - da murabba'in mita da kuma cubic mita na kankare. A irin haka ne ya zama dole domin sanin yawan gine-gine (a cikin guda) da lissafi su yankin. Saboda wannan shã'aninku da mai tarawa amfani da kalamai da kuma zane isasshe a fili wakiltar samfurin. A samuwar kimomi da makircinsu, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba makõma. A cikin wadannan lokuta, shiryar kawai ta bawa a kan kiyasta yawa daga cikin ma'aikata. Saboda haka, a baya shi wajibi ne don bayar da cikakken bayanin irin lasafta Tsarin.

Gawawwakin gine-gine

By tsarin ɗauke da kaya daga slab yi da kwasfa abubuwa sun hada da ginshikan, Katakon, trusses, katakanta, suka girders. Idan mai tsanani daga cikin wuraren kasaftawa ga bango, shi ne ake kira frameless. Zan iya cewa, a cikin kimomi ga ƙungiyoyin yi sashe "Frames" ya bace. The kudin Katakon, trusses, katakanta, suka crossbars kunshe a cikin "Coatings" da "zoba" da kuma ginshikan, a tsaye kadai - a "Walls". A ikon yinsa na aikin for shigarwa na manya da ginshikan karfafa kankare aka ƙaddara ga yanki kaya. Precast kankare frame matsayin naúrar aikin cubic mita na kankare a cikin al'amarin. Kullum da karfe Tsarin suna da 1 ton ga haske kayan - 100 m ^2. Kudi domin kwanciya kankare bangarori da kuma farantin taro type, kasa marufai kuma suka yi niyya a kan 1 yanki na samfur.

asali dabara

Building Tsarin tare da ƙara kashi ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi bene (ayata1) aka ƙaddara kamar haka:

Ayata1 = S1xH.

S1 - yanki na kwance sashe na yi na cikin matsanancin circumscription a 1st FL. H - tsawo daga cikin sashe na ƙãre kasa matakin na farko bene zuwa saman cika a cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi bene. Wani dabara:

V2 = S2 x L.

Yana da kayyade adadin ginin Tsarin ba tare da overlapping ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi (v2). S2 shi ne yankin na tsaye sashe gina ta circumscription na cikin matsanancin sassa na ganuwar (saman gama bene 1 FL. Kuma babba shaci rufin). L - da darajar fassara da tsawon ginin a kan waje fuskoki na karshen ganuwar a matakin farko bene sama hula. Kuma a cikin na farko da kuma a karo na biyu idan aka cire daga lissafi na darajar tafiya. Duk da haka, da kara yawa na bay windows, maharibai, loggias, da shirayi, verandas, skylights. A daidai wannan lokaci da girman balconies ba kidaya (gida da kuma waje), porticoes. Idan yanki na daban-daban benaye ne daban-daban, da farko gini ne m da girma ga kowane mutum. Bayan da dabi'u suna summed.