Uzbekistan: Andijan - tsohuwar birnin a cikin Ferghana Valley

Uzbekistan wata ƙasa ce dake tsakiyar zuciyar Asiya ta Tsakiya. Ana la'akari da daya daga cikin tsofaffi a cikin wannan yanki kuma yana da arziki da arziki. Yanayin zamani ya rarraba zuwa yankuna 12, kowannensu yana da cibiyarta. Kwanan nan, zabin da yawon bude ido ya karu a Uzbekistan. Andijan - wannan birni ne ke jan hankalin su!

Location na birnin da yawanta

Andijan yana cikin gabas na filin Ferghana, kewaye da duwatsu da tsaunuka masu ban sha'awa, a nan akwai yanayin yanayi mai zurfi, saboda yanayin da ya dace don noma "zinari" - auduga. A wani abin mamaki m kasa (Uzbekistan) Andizhan daukan uku wuri a cikin yankin (ta yanki ne 120 km ²⁾ kuma 4th wuri cikin sharuddan yawan. Birnin shi ne cibiyar kula da yankin Andijan.

A cikin wannan birni mai duhu akwai masu kirki, masu aiki da kuma mutane masu sauƙin gaske da suke maraba da maraba. Yawan mutane kimanin 450,000 ne, wanda fiye da kashi 90 cikin dari na Uzbeks ne, kimanin kashi 5 cikin dari ne na Rasha (sun zo nan a zamanin Soviet), 3% ne Tatars, kuma 2% wasu kabilu ne (Kore, Kyrgyz, Tajiks da Turks). Addini mafi yawan addini shine Sunni Islama, amma birnin yana da adadi na Ikilisiyoyin Krista daban-daban.

Ci gaban tattalin arziki na birnin

A hanyoyi da yawa (wato samar da auduga, fitar da gas, zinariya da sauransu, da dai sauransu) babban wuri a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya yana shagaltar da Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan. Birnin Andijan shine cibiyar masana'antu, masana'antu, kimiyya da al'adu a cikin Fergana Valley. Akwai manyan kamfanonin masana'antu, manyan cibiyoyin binciken kimiyya da jami'o'i.

Wani muhimmin bangaren tattalin arziki, wanda ke da tasiri ba kawai a kan jin dadin birnin ba, amma dukkanin rukunin kasar, ita ce masana'antu. A cikin yankunan da ke yankin Andijan, a Asaka, akwai babban gine-ginen masana'antu da ke samar da motoci a karkashin GM (wanda ake kira Daewoo).

Menene zamani na Andizhan yayi kama da?

A kowace shekara ya zama mafi kyau, an gina gine-gine na yanzu maimakon gidajen gine-ginen, sababbin makarantu da kwalejoji suna buɗewa, tare da ci gaba da ƙananan kasuwancin da ke cikin gari gaba ɗaya suna shanyewa a shaguna da dama, hotels, kyaulons, cafes da gidajen abinci.

Ta yaya tsohuwar birnin na Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan Andijan kama? A halin yanzu ana iya raba shi zuwa sassa biyu: Tsohon garin, inda aka ajiye wuraren tarihi (masallatai, bita da kuma al'adu), da kuma yankin New Bazaar, wanda dukkanin Andijan na zamani yake kusa. Mutanen garin sun yarda da cewa akwai a nan, a yankin da ake kira "Eski Shahar", cewa zuciyar garin tana samuwa. Kwanakiyar rana ba'a kashe rudani masu sayarwa na kayan kayan gabas a wannan wuri, a kowane mataki akwai cafes masu jin dadi da kuma canteens suna ba da kayan gargajiya na Uzbek zuwa matafiya, kuma wani sabon abu shine babban adadin tikitin tikiti. Ba abin mamaki bane, yawancin mazauna suna barin wurin ƙasashen waje don neman aikin, don haka sayen tikitin Uzbekistan (Andijan na da filin jirgin sama) - Rasha ba ta da wahala.

Gano da al'adu

Tarihi mafi tsawo, mai ban sha'awa da tarihi mai ban sha'awa a yankin ƙasar Asiya ta Tsakiya shine Jihar Uzbekistan. Andijan ita ce birni guda da ta gudanar da adana wasu al'adun al'adu. Su kuma har wa yau suna gaya wa masu yawon shakatawa game da tsohuwar ɗaukakar da girma na mulkin sararin samaniya mai girma na Moguls. Tabbas, babu gidajen da yawa a Andijan, kamar, misali, a Samarkand ko Bukhara, duk da haka abubuwan da suka tsira sune ya kamata su shiga wannan birni mai duhu!

Shahararrun abubuwan ban sha'awa shine masallatai da madrasahs, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da gida da taurari, kamar yadda mayukan addinin musulunci suke buƙatar. Masallaci mafi tsohuwar Jumma'a yana cikin yankin tsohuwar garin kuma ya dawo zuwa karni na 18. Wani jan hankali shi ne minaret na Jami, tsawonsa ya fi mita 32 (wannan shi ne babban gini a dukan gari).

Birnin yana sananne ne ga wuraren shakatawa, inda yawancin abubuwan jan hankali ke aiki. Mafi ziyarci shi ne wurin shakatawa mai suna bayan. Pushkin, yana cikin tsakiyar gari kuma yana da wuri mafi kyau ba kawai ga yara ba, har ma ga manya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa daga tarihin

Bactria da tsohuwar Sogdiana, Khorezm Khanate, Maverannahr da Khorasan - wasu wurare na wadannan wuraren tarihi sun kasance a ƙasar Jamhuriyar Uzbekistan ta zamani. G. Andijan yana daya daga cikin birane mafi tsufa a wannan ƙasa, sunansa na farko Andukan ne aka ambata a cikin takardu na karni na IX.

Andijan sananne ne ga jama'arta, wanda ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga al'adun da ke da kyau a cikin birnin. Daya daga cikinsu shine Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur, wanda aka haife shi a cikin 1483. Shi ne wanda ya kafa jihar na cana (Babur), ya kasance kuma mai mulkin Indiya, da kuma kwamandan a Afghanistan.