Tsarin software for PC

Popular sau da yawa, mutane da yawa masu amfani da kwamfuta tsarin da ake fuskantar tare da tambayar abin da ke cikin rãyuwar tsarin software. Tare da sanin yadda za su yi aiki da ta dace na amfani na iya zama sosai don cimma, da kyau, a kalla don kauce wa abin da ya faru na kurakurai a cikin tsarin ko hanzarta (Inganta) ta aiki.

Tsarin software don kwamfutarka: general Concepts

Kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, irin wannan shirin ne na musamman kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin aiki ga kwamfuta tsarin na tsari - daga ganewar asali duk da software da kuma "hardware" aka gyara zuwa kara da amfani da cikakken duk inji mai kwakwalwa damar, ko da boye.

A wata hanya, za a iya kira a Layer tsakanin OS, shigar software da kuma "hardware" tsarin software da kuma aikace-aikace. A daukan hankali misali ne direban kunshe-kunshe.

A general, idan muka kwatanta shirin na tsarin software bayani, yana da daraja don fara madawwama a kan abin da suka kasance, abin da ayyuka sanya musu.

Nau'in tsarin software da kuma su ayyuka

Idan muka magana game da rabuwa da tsarin shirye-shirye ga manufar da aka nufa azuzuwan, akwai dama manyan kungiyoyin. Saboda haka shi ne (a cikin daban-daban versions na rarrabuwa) ga tsarin shirye-shirye: iko (mazaunin kuma sufuri), aiki, da kuma asali sabis.

La'akari da tsarin software a general siffofin ba tare da faruwa a cikin intricacies na ka'idojin aikinsu, mun lura cewa management aikace-aikace da aka tsara don yin amfani da ciki aiki data da kuma ke da alhakin daidai aiki na duk sarrafa kwamfuta tafiyar matakai. Machining shirye-shirye samar data musayar tsakanin "OSes" da kuma saka gyara (mafi daukan hankali misali - DirectX direbobi da kuma sets). Basic shirin - ne kadan sa na software da ake bukata don gudanar da tsarin a matsayin dukan. A karshe, sabis shirye-shirye - a wajen bincike da kuma haɓaka ƙarfin aiki na zamani da kwamfuta tsarin.

Windows tsarin shirin

Amma ga Tsarukan aiki da Microsoft Windows, duk su yi kadan sa na aikace-aikace, wanda aka sanya a cikin kwamfuta tsarin lokacin shigarwa na fi "OSes".

Idan mutum bai san kansu da tsarin shirye-shirye, kamar Windows 7 za a iya samu a "Fara" menu karkashin "Shirye-shirye / Kaya / System Tools." Bugu da kari, yana da biyu mafi directory "Gudanarwa Tools" da "Service". A duk uku kundayen da kuma shirya tsarin utilities for monitoring, ingantawa, kariya da kuma dawo da, madadin, da sauransu. D. Detail bayyana su sa hankalta, saboda, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba kowane mai amfani accesses ta zuwa gare su, fifita zuwa ɓangare na uku aikace-aikace developers. Kuma a cikin wannan, dole ne in ce, akwai wani hankali.

Ana cire Windows tsarin software ba a bayar da kwamfuta. Foci a cikin Android tsarin aiki, a lokacin da a gaban tushen-hakkokin, za ka iya cire duk wani tsarin bangaren har ya "OSes" a nan kada ku. A ka'ida, za ka iya kawai uninstall da amfani-shigar aikace-aikace. A general, wannan shi ne daidai, domin bayan wannan baki dukan tsarin zai kawai gushe aiki.

ɓangare na uku software

Windows OS aka dauke su a duniya da ya kusan ya fi na kowa "OSes" da yawan masu amfani. Duk da haka, a cikin sharuddan na shigewa, da kuma wani m sa na fasali, wata babbar dama ƙarara da rashin wata alama sauki nauyin kida, da rashin alheri, duk ma gaba. Zai yiwu shi ne domin wannan dalilin cewa da yawa developers na tsarin software da kuma haifar da wata babbar adadin kayan aikin da software kunshe-kunshe da wannan musamman OS. Alkalin da kanka, saboda ta da manyan guda shirin ga tsarin mai gudanar a Windows ne kusan ba ya nan.

Amma a nan ma akwai matsaloli, wajen gudanar. Gaskiyar ita ce, sau da yawa sosai akwai wani tsarin kuskure "Run ba zai yiwu ba (don wannan dalili, ko babu dalilin a duk)." Wannan shi ne saboda kawai ya nuna gaskiyar cewa kowane kayan aiki za a iya shigar a cikin tsarin, misali, saboda ba sharadi tsarin da bukatun, daban-daban gine Tsarukan aiki da kuma aikace-aikace shigar (kuskure: "... ba ingantaccen Win32 aikace-aikace"), rashin direbobi, da dai sauransu ...

Duk da haka, babban tsarin software daga uku-jam'iyyar developers an gabatar da yawa fadi fiye da na Microsoft. Ka yi la'akari da asali aikace-aikace da suke a kawo musu kayan kamata a kowace mai amfani da kwamfuta tsarin.

riga-kafi

Yawanci, bayan wani farko shigar ko reinstall da tsarin daga karce mataki na farko shi ne ka shigar anti-virus software kunshin cewa zai kare tsarin a dukkan matakai, ciki har da tracking barazana daga waje, shigar azzakari cikin farji na ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin memory cikin kwamfuta, cibiyar sadarwa saka idanu ko aiki a kan Internet da sauransu. d.

Abin da zai kasance a shirin, mai amfani hukunci a gare kansa. Yanzu da zabi ne fadi da isa. Daga cikin mafi m anti-virus kunshe-kunshe iya bambanta da shahararrun: kusan duk software kayayyakin "Kaspersky Lab", da aikace-aikace na kamfani Eset (nod da Smart Tsaro), da irin kayayyakin Dr. Web, Norton Antivirus, AVG, Avira, Panda, Avast da sauransu. D.

Babu shakka, kowanne daga cikin wadannan kunshe-kunshe da su amfani ko rashin amfani. Bugu da kari, wasu aikace-aikace an rarraba for free kuma da babu hani a kan amfani, domin wasu suna biya, kuma sau da yawa a zagaye jimla. Duk da haka, kowa da kowa ya yi hukunci a gare kansa abin yi amfani.

Archivers

Na biyu bangaren na m software da za a shigar a kan wani tsarin, shi ne wani shirin domin gudanar archives. Mafi sau da yawa irin wannan aikace-aikace gina a cikin Windows harsashi (Quick shirin umarnin ne a cikin mahallin menu).

A mafi kyau archiver, bisa ga yawa masu amfani, da kuma masu amfani da za a iya kira WinRAR, WinZIP, 7-Zip da yawa wasu. Me bukatar ka shigar da su? Eh, kawai saboda matsa fayilolin yanzu amfani da ko'ina. Ko da sauke manyan fayiloli daga Internet aka yi a cikin nau'i na ajiye bayanai.

Shirin don gwajin da tsarin da kuma da aka gyara

Hakika, wanda zai iya iyakance amfani da kawai "yan qasar" da Windows kayan aikin, amma su ba daga ba da cikakken bayani game da jihar na tsarin da aka gyara. Alal misali, idan ka shiga cikin menu "My Computer" / "Properties", inda za ka ga kawai na asali sigogi na "baƙin ƙarfe" da kuma kafa "OSes".

Haka ya shafi DirectX. Ko da yake akwai bayanai more, har yanzu yana da nisa daga abin da za ka iya matsi daga wani ɓangare na uku aikace-aikace developers. Abinda cewa shi ne m, - DirectX damar musamman gwaje-gwaje Wasu na'urori Toshe & Play.

Ƙayyade da tsarin kaya ko don samun ƙarin bayani a cikin shafuka menu "System Kanfigareshan", kiran da umurnin "msconfig", don amfani da "System Information" a cikin Control Panel ko, a karshe, amfani da keyboard gajerar Ctrl + Alt Del, haifar da Task Manager (monitoring a guje tafiyar matakai, CPU da memory kaya, da sauransu. d.).

Sauƙin yin amfani da kayan aikin kamar Everest ko wani abin da zai ba kawai ba cikakken bayani dalla-dalla na shigar da kayan aiki, amma kuma zai iya waƙa da canji na jiki sigogi a real lokaci.

Bugu da kari, a nan, yana yiwuwa ya hada da wasu daga cikin shirye-shirye ga tsarin gudanarwa, da aiki da abin da yake a saka idanu halin hanyar sadarwa, ta daidai aiki, hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga barazana ko samun dama marar izini ga yanar-gizon kwamfuta tashoshi da kuma sabobin.

optimizers

Tsarin shirye-shirye zuwa ga inganta muhimmanci sosai. Kila ba ka bukatar ka bayyana wa kowa. A tsawon lokaci, da tsarin fara rage gudu a mafi yawan lokuta saboda akwai pent-up shara ko datti kwamfuta. Bugu da ƙari, cikin tafarkin iya zama gaban babban adadin fragmented data. Hakika, za ka iya amfani da daidaitattun Windows OS kamar tsabtace ko faifai defragmentation, amma, a yi, su ne kasa tasiri fiye da ɓangare na uku software kayayyakin.

Tun da rajista ne ko da muni. A Windows, babu wani kayan aiki don tsabtace shi. A hannu cire ko gyara m ko m shigarwar da makullin - shi ne gaba ɗaya m. Saboda haka "shuka" na iya zama, kuma dukan tsarin.

Matsayin mai mulkin, kusan duk kayan aikin da irin wannan ne duniya kunshe-, wanda shi ne wani fairly manyan sa na kayayyakin aiki, don dukan lokatai. Wannan na iya zama wani shirin for tsarin kurakurai cikin sharuddan gyara su, guda rumbunka defragmenter, sabta tarkace a kan rumbun kwamfutarka ko a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar a cikin nau'i na kullum rataye matakai da kuma ayyuka, da dab'i da kuma defragmentation da rajista to ba tare da nuna bambanci ga tsarin cire duk ba dole ba kuma streamline da tsarin for sauri access, uninstaller, wanda ya kawar da shigar aikace-aikace gaba ɗaya, ba tare da barin, daga kufan gaban (wanda ba gaskiya ba ne na "yan qasar" uninstaller Windows), Haɓaka da direbobi da yafi.

Kamar yadda ka gani, versatility da sauƙi na amfani na irin wannan software kunshe-akwai. Mafi fi sanin aikace-aikace na irin wannan suna dauke CCleaner, Advanced System Care, Glary Kayan more rayuwa, Ashampoo WinOptimizer da dai sauransu.

Saukaka aiki tare da su shi ne har yanzu a gaskiya, kusan dukkan su suna na musamman search yanayin da ta atomatik gyara matsalolin "a dannawa daya".

Shirin ga madadin da kuma dawo da

Tsarin software don ƙirƙirar kwafin bayanai a kan rumbunka direbobi ko image na jihar "OSes" ba kasa muhimmanci fiye da sauran da tsarin software. Da taimakon irin wannan kofe, za ka iya mayar da Windows yi a minti. Bugu da kari, yayin da rike wuya faifai image, ta ma'ana shãmaki, kõ m kafofin watsa labarai, ba za ka iya rasa muhimmanci bayanai ko idan da gazawar da wani rumbun kwamfutarka, flash drive ko m wuya Disc irin USB HDD.

A sosai Windows yana da irin wannan damar. Za ka iya ƙirƙirar wani dawo da faifai ko amfani da menu "System Dawo", misali, daga Control Panel. Amma a nan, akwai glitches. Wani lokaci sabuntawa ne ba zai yiwu ba saboda gaban kurakurai a kan rumbun kwamfutarka, kuma a cikin yanki inda harbi da aka ceto, dauka a matsayin mayar batu. Duk da haka, ko da wani Disc rajistan shiga tare da m kuskure gyara ba ya ba da ake so sakamakon.

Ga taimaka da musamman tsarin utilities kamar Acronis True Image, wanda aka dauke daya daga cikin mafi aikin cikin sharuddan da dama a cikin na'ura ake gudanar da lafiya-kunna, kazalika da mafi yawan aikace-aikace don aiki tare da images (Daemon Tools, UltraISO, Barasa 120%, ko da guda kunshin Nero gõbara ROM).

ƙarin zažužžukan

A karshe, a tsakanin sauran kayan aikin for dadi aikin tsayar da sets na codecs da decoders domin kallon video da kuma sauraron audio (a cikin Baya ga daidaitattun na'urar direbobi). Mafi shahara kunshin dauke K-Lite Codec Pack.

Dole ne ya halarci Adobe Flash Player yi wasa da wasu daban na yawo video a kan Internet, kazalika da shirye-shirye kamar Adobe Reader aiki tare PDF fayiloli, wanda a yau ne daga cikin mafi kowa a yankinka. Ko da yake na biyu aikace-aikace da tsarin da ba nema, da kasancewar shi ne m.

Mafi yawa daga cikin fasaha takardun da mai amfani da Littattafan rarraba a cikin wannan format.

ƙarshe

Kawai na asali tsarin software, aikace-aikace da kuma utilities aka bayyana, waxanda suke da muhimmanci ga daidai aiki na duka kwamfuta tsarin da kuma inganta ta aiki. Hakika, akwai mutane da yawa daban-daban na tsarin utilities tsara don warware takamaiman matsaloli. Amma duk da su kawai ba zai iya bayyana. A wannan nazari, mun magance kawai tare da mafi zama dole sa.