Symbolism shine fasaha na sadarwa

Symbolism - musaman Trend in art, abin da ya bayyana a tsakiyar karni na karshe a Faransa. Wannan art form quite sauri tsiwirwirinsu da widest shahararsa da kuma ci gaba da rayayye ci gaba har sai karni na ashirin.

Alamar alama ce ɗaya daga cikin muhimman abubuwa na zane-zane na duniya. Kodayake ya bayyana ne kawai a karni na sha tara, ana iya fahimtar abubuwa da yawa tun zamanin d ¯ a. Alal misali, alama ce ta Kristanci tana da alamomi tare da zane-zane na Gothic da murals. A cikin tarihin ban mamaki, zane-zane da zane-zanen da aka zana a zane a zamanin Romanticism, zaka iya ganin abubuwa masu yawa na alama.

Duk da haka, wannan yanayin na fasaha ya sami girma mafi girma a cikin karni na goma sha tara a matsayin rashin daidaituwa ga ainihi da kuma ra'ayi. A wannan hanya, halin kirki game da bourgeoisie masu tasowa ya bayyana. Alamar alama ce ta nuna bege ga 'yanci na ruhaniya, ƙaddamar da hankali game da sauye-sauyen tarihi da zamantakewa a duk faɗin duniya da bil'adama.

Kalmar nan "symbolism" an fara buga shi a "Le Figaro" - wani shahararren littafi mai suna - a 1886, ranar 18 ga Satumba. Babban ideas na wannan yunkuri da aka bayyana a cikin adabi, sanannen Faransa mawãƙi Charles Baudelaire. Ya yi imanin cewa haruffa kawai zasu iya bayyana ainihin ruhaniya na mawaki ko kuma zane-zane.

Gidaran falsafa da ban sha'awa na alamomi sun fara cigaban kusan lokaci ɗaya a cikin kasashen Turai ta Yammacin Turai. Babban wakilin alamomi shine S. Mallarme, P. Verdun, A. Rembo, P. Valéry a Faransa; M. Maeterlinck, E. Verharn a Belgium; G. Gaupman a Jamus; R. Rilke a Austria; Oscar Wilde a Birtaniya; G. Ibsen da K. Hamsun a Norway. Mutum zai iya cewa cewa alama ce ta ƙarshen karni na sha tara da farkon ƙarni na ashirin yana dogara da wallafe-wallafe.

Symbolism yana cikin wasu ƙananan ƙira na romanticism. Abubuwan bincike na waɗannan raƙuman ruwa suna da kama da alaka da su. Alamar alama ce mai mahimmanci wanda wani mawallafa ya samar. Ya bayyana ma'anar ma'anar abubuwa, ya bayyana asirin kasancewarsa, ya fadi sauran abubuwan da suka faru a duniya, mahimmanci, ma'anar abubuwan da ke tattare da su na asali, wanda aka boye daga mutane. Alamar da aka zana ta zane-zanen da aka zana ta hanyar zane-zane an dauke su da gaske, kuma mai zane-zane shi ne mahalicci, mai gani, wanda zai iya gani a cikin abubuwan da suka faru da kuma alamun wasu alamu na ɓoye.

Symbolism a art ya tuba zuwa ga ruhaniya Sphere, da hulda da mutum na ciki duniya, mutuntakarsa, da individuality, da duniya a waje. Bisa ga ma'anar alama, ainihin duniyar ta wanzu a waje da duniyarmu da ke bayyane, kuma ba za a iya nuna shi kawai a ciki ba. Yana da fasaha wanda yake aiki a matsayin matsakanci tsakanin waɗannan duniyoyi, hanya ce ta canzawa da fassara fasalin ruhaniya.

Alamar alama ta shiga cikin wallafe-wallafe, zane-zane da kuma gine-gine na ƙasashe da dama, suna tasiri sosai akan fasahar duniya. Symbolists sun kafa tushe ga surrealism tare da sha'awar yin bidi'a, cosmopolitanism da gwaje-gwajen da yawa.