Software: na asali halaye, da yin amfani da

A alfijir na kwamfuta fasahar ra'ayi na shirye-shirye da harsuna bayyana da kuma halitta da su taimako umurnin jerin, wanda daga baya ya zama da aka sani da aikace-aikace. A gaskiya, wannan software kayayyakin (wannan shirin). Wannan ne, ba wani sa na dokokin ba ka damar yin wani musamman aiki ko don tabbatar da aiki na kwamfuta tsarin a matsayin dukan. Abin da suke?

software: na asali rarrabuwa

Ka ce a lokaci daya: ba za su samu shiga cikin wilds na fasahar kwamfuta, da kuma kokarin fahimtar abin da suke da abin da suke da shirin, don haka ya yi magana, a bayyana harshe.

Don kwanan wata, akwai da dama iri software rarrabuwa, ko software. Daga cikin main iri saki:

• tsarin software.
• aikace-aikace software.

Wani lokacin wannan jerin hada ma ci gaban kayayyakin aiki, da kuma gwamnati a cikin nau'i na musamman kayan aikin, amma, ta kuma manyan, su za a iya dangana ga tsarin aikace-aikace.

Nau'in na software kayayyakin a kan yin amfani da

Akwai wani rarrabuwa, shafi yin amfani da software kayayyakin bisa ga irin hakkokin da damar da kudin. Wannan zai iya hada wadannan Concepts:

• mallakar tajirai software zuwa kenkenewa na dama mariƙin, wanda ya samar da kawai da hakkin ya kafa da kuma amfani, yayin da rikewa da hikimar haƙƙoƙin mallaka.
• kasuwanci (biya) software ya shafi sayen wani software samfurin da hukuma lasisi;
• Shareware (da Shareware), wanda za a iya amfani da a cikin wani lokaci (yawanci kwana 30), bayan abin da dole ne ka sayi wani lasisi ko yin rijista da samfurin.
• free (freeware) software - shirye-shirye da kuma aikace-aikacen da ba su bukatar wani lasisi ko biyan bashin.
• free software da bude Madogararsa (GNU lasisi) cewa kowa iya canza ko gyara a tafin kafa hankali.

Yanzu la'akari da wasu daban na gaba dayan software kunshe-kunshe da aikace-aikace na kowane irin naúrar a more daki-daki.

software Firmware

Wannan irin software nufin da tsarin sassa. A wasu kalmomin, yana nufin tushe Layer tabbatar da hulda tsakanin kwamfuta (da tsarin aiki, ko shigar aikace-aikace) software yanayi.

Yau aka kira su direbobi - kananan shirye-shirye halitta da software na kwamfuta tsarin don gane da kuma aiki yadda ya kamata a kan wani daga cikin "baƙin ƙarfe" da bangaren. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, duk saituna aka adana a wani musamman guntu a kan motherboard, wanda yana da software yanayi, da ake kira da BIOS. Kuma shi ne ba kawai da BIOS Stores asali saituna na "baƙin ƙarfe", amma kuma su gane asali shi a lokacin da ka kunna kwamfuta m (idan wani rikice-rikice ko kasawa aka gano, ba wani hali guda sauti a lokacin da ka fara kwamfutarka ta hanyar da PC magana).

tsarukan aiki da

Kila ba za mu ce cewa tsarin aiki ne mai babbar ɓangare na software, a sadarwa a tsakanin kwamfuta da kuma mai amfani. Wajen magana, irin wannan Layer, godiya ga wani dubawa cewa mai amfani da samun damar yin amfani da daban-daban ayyuka na musamman ayyuka da tsarin da aiwatar da aikace-aikace da yin amfani da wani irin da matakin.

Don kwanan wata, sun san quite mai yawa, kuma ba su kasance duk daidai. Mai da aka zana ke dubawa, amma akwai ko da rubutu "OSes". A cikin wani hali, da suka hada da mafi iko kayan aiki don tabbatar da aiki na duk aka gyara da kuma mai amfani da tsarin, ciki har da harshen fassara da kuma sauran abubuwa.

ci gaba Tools

Development of software kayayyakin da wani irin, ko OS, ko wani aikace-aikace cewa dogara ne a kan wani shirye-shirye da harshen da ya hada da ba wai kawai wata takamaiman sa na dokokin, amma kuma masu fassara, harshen tafintoci, compilers, da sauransu. D. (Wani lokaci ko da disassembler) .

Mutane da yawa harsuna amfani da manual shigar da dokokin, alal misali, a rubutu yanayin, za ka iya samun har ma da dukan musamman dandamali, barin yin aiki tare da harsuna kamar Delphi ko Java ba tare da wani na musamman da ilmi ba, sai su yi magana, a kan wani ilhama matakin. Af, wannan ke ga yanar gizo ci gaban shafukan lokacin shafukan da su dangantaka da su ne bisa gina-in siffofin da suke da irin wannan software kayayyakin. Misalai? Don Allah! A wannan MS Office Word edita, WordPress, kuma haka a. D.

gwamnati Tools

Tsarin gwamnati ne wani ɓangare na wani software yanayi. Lalle ne, farkon ganewa da kuma gyara daga matsaloli da kurakurai a cikin aikin da guda kwamfuta tashoshi a wani gida cibiyar sadarwa ko aiki na duka Internet albarkatun shirya a kan m sabobin, ba ka damar kauce wa da matsaloli da yawa daga baya a kan.

Alal misali, wani misali sa na Windows-tsarin (kuma ba kawai su), ma, akwai na musamman shirye-shirye da kuma aikace-aikacen da damar, misali, duba ga faifai kurakurai, don gwada RAM da sauransu. D. Yana fada ba cewa akwai na musamman ɓangare na uku utilities cewa dauke da wani aikin ci-gaba toolsets. Tare da yin amfani da tsarin gwamnati da aka shigar da wani sabon, mafi girma matakin.

An ban sha'awa misali ne shirin gano da kuma gyara tsarin kurakurai a kan rumbun kwamfutarka na Belarushiyanci developer kira Victoria, wanda yana mai yawa fiye da siffofin fiye da misali Windows mai amfani. A shirin HDD Regenerator a general iya "magnetization-sokewa" wuya tafiyarwa, murmurewa bad sassa, amma ba tare da shafi cikin bayanai da aka adana a cikin gungu. Kuma wannan shi ne kawai karamin sashi daga cikin aikace-aikace na wannan shugabanci. Kuma idan muka yi la'akari kuma da aikace-aikace na tsarin kula da harkokin wajen saka idanu da wani gida kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa, ko aiki na dukan irin wannan cibiyar sadarwa tsarin, shi kawai mamakin, yadda ci gaba da kai: a nan yau haka mutane da yawa kayayyakin aiki, da dukan kuma ba za a iya kwatanta.

bayani tsaro

Game da bayanai kariya da tsaro na wani tsarin, a nan ma, akwai irin wannan kayan aikin. Irin kayayyakin, wanda suke software kayayyaki da aka rubuta a babban matakin harsuna, da damar da barazanar da wani irin.

Amma shi ne ba kawai game da anti-virus software. Daidai da nan za a iya dangana dukan anti-kayan leken asiri, shirye-shirye da hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga m talla, a karshen, ko da mai rumfa firewalls, da aka sani fayrovollami ko Firewall.

Internet access nufin

Previous irin aikace-aikace da cewa mayar da hankali a kan bayanai tsaro, aka sosai da kakkarfan dangankata da damar yin amfani da yanar-gizo, saboda yau shi zo daga mafi barazana.

Kamar yadda na arziki na samun, babban hanyar da ake kira Internet bincike, aiki a kan tushen da kyau-tsare na cibiyar sadarwa saituna (IP-address na kwamfuta, subnet mask, kuma tilas ƙofa, DNS, ya lashe, kuma wakili sabobin, da sauransu. Da dai sauransu ) .. Irin wannan aikace-aikace sukan kira a matsayin aikace-aikace da shirye-shirye.

aikace-aikace software

Yanzu mun zo ga manya-manyan aji na software - aikace-aikace software. Aikace-aikace na irin wannan suna tsananin mayar da hankali a kan takamaiman ayyuka, misali, ilimin lissafi, kasuwanci, nisha, kimiyya, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Lissafa duk jiki ba zai yiwu ba, amma na tabbata akwai da dama kwatance: aikin da takardun da maƙunsar (ofishin shirye-shirye da kuma daftarin aiki gudanar da tsarin), lissafin kudi, multimedia aiki (mai hoto, audio da video), tsarin zane, dandamali ga ilmin lissafi da kuma kimiyya kwamfuta ko kwaikwaiyo kayan aikin yin aiki tare da bayanai, e-mail abokan ciniki da kuma yanar gizo bincike, fayil management, da sauransu. d. lissafa irin wannan aikace-aikace da aka m.

A asali sa na Windows

Yanzu la'akari da babban software kayayyakin da suke da samuwa a kan wani tsarin aiki, a kan Windows misali. Ba sai an fada ba tare da cewa kiran wannan wani sa na m iya zama wani stretch, saboda wasu "OSes" wannan sets iya bambanta materially. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa wadannan tsarukan sun samu mafi tartsatsi, shi zai tattauna da kunshin.

Idan ka biya da hankali, bayan da farko shigarwa na Windows a kan babban menu, za ka iya samun shirye-shirye, ana jerawa da makõma: .. Standard, sabis, administrative, da dai sauransu Amma ba kowa ya san nisa, shi ne kawai karamin sashi daga cikin dutsen kankara. Ganin cewa yawancin sabis utilities ba a nuna a kan menu. Mafi yawansu ba su za a iya isa ko dai daga umurnin line, ko daga menu "Run".

Bugu da kari, wani "tsabta» Windows-tsarin, gaba daya bace da babban ofishin suite, ko da yake viewer wasu takardu har yanzu suna (kamar Word kushin). Saboda haka, shi dai itace cewa bayan shigarwa na fi "OSes" amfani ya kafa nasu ko asali ofishin suite. Duk da haka, shi ba ya haifar da matsaloli.

To, a calculators, notepads, fayil manajoji, Internet bincike, kuma mafi kullum ba zai iya magana - da suka wanzu a kowane tsarin.

utilitarian shirin

A karshe, la'akari da kayayyakin, software damar cewa sa ya yiwu ba kawai don gane asali da kuma inganta tsarin aiki, amma kuma samar da ƙarin kayan aiki a lõkacin da aiki tare da wasu iri data.

A farko da irin aikace-aikace ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin optimizers. Su sami da daidai tsarin-matakin a cikin mafi "OSes" kurakurai da kuma ba da damar mai amfani musaki wasu ba dole ba bango matakai cewa cinye wani wuce kima yawan albarkatun, haka mugun gudu up dukan tsarin.

A Windows, wadannan kudi akwai kadan, da kyau, sai dai cewa wani misali wajen checking da defragmentation Disk. Abin baƙin ciki, sauran aka gyara ko bango da sabis da hannu a kashe da kuma wani na musamman da ilmi na wannan zai iya kai wa ga unpredictable sakamakon. Amma SEOs aiki a atomatik yanayin, a kashe kadai cewa ba ya haifar da wani m gazawar.

Haka ya shafi gyara da kuma defragmenting da rajista, wanda zai iya ƙunsar wata babbar adadin m, m ko mara inganci links, cewa akalla qara download lokaci na musamman da aikace-aikace da kuma dukan tsarin a farawa.

Ana cire aikace-aikace da misali Windows uninstaller ba ko da yaushe ya yi daidai. Sau da yawa a karshen aiwatar a cikin tsarin ne a tari na datti a cikin nau'i na saura fayiloli, manyan fayiloli, ko shigarwa a cikin wannan Register. Ga zo da taimakon na musamman utilities kamar IObit Uninstaller, wanda wanke tsarin gaba ɗaya, bayan da mai amfani da ba shi da don bincika da kuma kau da sauran abubuwa da hannu.

Wani misali za a iya kira a na'urar direba update. A nan, na atomatik yanayin ne ma ba a bayar. Amma na ɓangare na uku utilities kamar Driver Booster jimre wannan shi ne na farko, da kuma sabunta direba kawai daga hukuma kafofin (yanar kayan aiki manufacturer).

A karshe, daya daga cikin rare archivers ne, domin ko a lokacin da ka sauke fayiloli daga Internet domin a isasshe manyan farko adadin da suke cushe musamman fayiloli zuwa rage "nauyi". Bugu da kari, manyan manyan fayiloli za a iya raba cikin fayiloli da yawa, da kuma matakin na shirin WinRAR, WinZIP ko 7Zip damar da aiki da irin wannan data ne na farko.

maimakon wani epilogue

A karshe za ta zauna ita ce cewa, ba shakka, yana da ba duk software kayayyakin da za a iya samu a yau. Duk da haka, ga alama cewa ko da tare da wannan m jaddadawa, wani mai amfani da za su iya ji bambanci tsakanin shirye-shirye domin daban-daban dalilai da su kusantar da janar karshe game da abin da suka aikata a can, kuma abin da suke.