SIP-yarjejeniya: description

Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki (SIP) ne a yarjejeniya don sigina da kuma manajan multimedia sadarwar zaman. Mafi na kowa aikace-aikace a yanar-gizo telephony - Voice da Video kira da saƙon nan-take a kan IP (Internet layinhantsaki).

Yana ma'anar da saƙonnin da aka aiko tsakanin endpoints da kuma tsara halittar, karewa, da kuma sauran muhimman abubuwa na kira. SIP yarjejeniya, da bayanin da aka gabatar a sama za a iya amfani da shi don samar da, gyaggyarawa, kuma qarasa zaman kunshi da daya ko fiye multimedia data qarqashinsu. Yana da wani aikace-aikace Layer yarjejeniya. Tsara don zama mai zaman kanta da tamkar kai Layer. A wasu kalmomin, wata yarjejeniya dangane da rubutu ya hada da mutane da yawa abubuwa na HTTP (Kama) da kuma cikin Simple Mail Address aiken (da SMTP).

SIP-yarjejeniya - abin da yake da shi?

SIP aiki a tare da da dama sauran aikace-aikace-matakin ladabi da gano da kuma aika da multimedia zaman. Identification kafofin watsa labarai data da kuma daidai da aka samu tare da Zama Description layinhantsaki (SDP). Don aika da multimedia kõguna - murya, video - shi kullum yana amfani da real-lokaci kai yarjejeniya (RTP) ko Secure yanayin (SRTP). Domin kafaffen watsa SIP saƙonni iya rufaffen amfani da sufuri Layer Security (TLS).

ci gaba Tarihi

SIP-yarjejeniya da aka asali ci gaba da wani taro na masana a 1996. Yana da aka daidaita a RFC 2543 a 1999 (SIP 1.0). A watan Nuwamba, 2000, ya samu karbuwa a matsayin wata 3 GPP yi sigina yarjejeniya da m kashi na gine IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) domin streaming na multimedia IP da sabis na tushen a cikin salon salula tsarin. The latest version (SIP 2.0) a RFC 3261 jaddadawa aka saki a watan Yuni 2002. Tare da wasu kari kuma tacewa da shi da ake amfani a zamaninmu.

Duk da cewa asalin SIP-yarjejeniya da aka ɓullo dangane da murya da sabis. Yau, shi goyon bayan mai fadi da kewayon aikace-aikace, ciki har da videoconferencing, streaming kafofin watsa labarai, saƙon nan-take, canja wurin fayil, da kuma fax kan IP, da kuma online wasanni.

Layinhantsaki SIP - description da kuma aiki

Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki ne mai zaman kanta da tamkar kai yarjejeniya. Yana gudanar a Transmission Control layinhantsaki (TCP), mai amfani Datagram layinhantsaki (UDP) ko watsa iko yarjejeniya rafi (SCTP). Ana iya amfani da don canja wurin bayanai tsakanin bangarorin biyu (unicast) da kuma Multicast zaman.

A cikinsa akwai zane abubuwa irin model HTTP ma'amala request. Kowane irin aiki kunshi abokin ciniki request, wanda ya haddasa wani musamman Hanyar ko aiki a kan uwar garke kuma akalla daya mayar da martani. SIP-yarjejeniya reuses mafi yawan BBC filayen, tsarinsa dokoki, da kuma HTTP matsayi lambobin, da samar da wani zaa iya karanta rubutu format.

Kowane cibiyar sadarwa hanya Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki - mai amfani wakili ko saƙon murya akwatin - An gane da yin amfani da hanya kasafi ganowa (Uri), aiki a kan tushen da na kowa misali ginin kalma, wanda aka kuma yi amfani da yanar gizo ayyuka da kuma e-mail. Uri makirci, wanda ake amfani da SIP, yana da wani nau'i na ma'ana sarkar: sunan mai amfani: kalmar sirri @ rundunar: tashar jiragen ruwa.

tsaro Policy

Idan bukata kafaffen watsa bayanai makirci furta cewa kowane daga cikin cibiyar sadarwa abubuwa, ga abin da request ne gabãtar da manufa yankin, dole ne a bayar da sufuri Layer Security (TLS). A karshe mataki na wakili uwar garke zuwa ga manufa yankin a lokacin da ta zamar masa dole ya yi aiki daidai da na gida tsaro saituna. TLS kare da intruders suka yi kokarin sakonnin da data a lokacin aika. Amma ba ya samar da real tsaro zuwa karshen kuma ba zai iya hana tracking da kuma bayanan sata. Kamar yadda SIP-yarjejeniya, wadda ya kamata a tashoshin jiragen ruwa tam da alaka, aiki tare da sauran sabis na cibiyar sadarwa?

Yana aiki a tare da mahara da sauran ladabi da shi ne kawai shiga a cikin yi sigina sadarwa. SIP-abokan ciniki yawanci amfani da TCP ko UDP tashar jiragen ruwa lambobi 5060 ko 5061 to connect to SIP-sabobin da sauran SIP karshen-maki. Port 5060 ne fiye da amfani ga unencrypted zirga-zirga sigina, alhãli kuwa tashar jiragen ruwa 5061 kusa "abokai" tare da sufuri Layer Security (TLS).

Mene ne amfani?

Don amsa wannan tambaya mafi daidai «SIP-yarjejeniya - cewa shi" ya kamata a fahimci ga abin da shi da ake amfani. A mafi yawa ana amfani da su kafa da kuma aika murya ko bidiyo da kira. Yana ba ka damar gyara data kasance kalubale. A gyara iya unsa canza adireshin ko tashoshin jiragen ruwa, sunã kira a tattaunawar mafi mahalarta, kara ko cire kafofin watsa labarai qarqashinsu. SIP kuma sami aikace-aikace a cikin saƙon aikace-aikace, da kuma ayyuka a cikin taron biyan kuma sanarwar.

A sa na SIP-dokoki hade da Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), da kayyade umarnin ga irin aikace-aikace. Muryar da videopotokovye saƙonni aikace-aikace a kan wani daban-daban yarjejeniya aikace-aikace a real-lokaci Transport layinhantsaki (RTP). Sigogi - tashar jiragen ruwa lambobi, ladabi, codecs - na wadannan kafofin watsa labarai kõguna suna tsare da ya dace ta yin amfani da zaman bayanin yarjejeniya (SDP), wanda motsa a cikin kunshin jiki Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki (msl, SIP T yarjejeniya).

Ainihin fuskar yarjejeniya shi ne cewa shi ya kamata a nan gaba samar da wani yi sigina da kuma kira saitin don IP-sadarwa a kan tushe da za a iya taimaka wa wani superset na kira aiki ayyuka da kuma siffofin da suke cikin jama'a switched tarho cibiyar sadarwa (PSTN). Ya ba ayyana su. More daidai, shi shirya kawai kiran saitin da kuma yi sigina. All ayyuka da cewa an yi su ne don yin ayyukan wannan tarho (m. E. Dial, martani ringback sautuna ko wani aiki sigina), yi da wakili sabobin da kuma mai amfani da jamiái. Su gabatarwar da terminology ne daban-daban a cikin kasashe daban-daban, amma sun yi aiki a kan wannan manufa.

The darajar a tarho

Telephone cibiyar sadarwa da goyon bayan SIP kuma iya yi da yawa daga cikin mafi m kira aiki siffofin ba a yi sigina System 7 (SS7). Ko da yake biyu daga cikin wadannan ladabi ne quite daban-daban. SS7 ne Karkasa yarjejeniya. An halin wani hadadden tsakiyar cibiyar sadarwa gine da kuma "m" karshen maki (na al'ada tarho). SIP ne a yarjejeniya na "abokin ciniki-uwar garke". Duk da haka, mafi na'urorin cewa goyi bayan Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki iya yi kamar yadda rawar da abokin ciniki da kuma uwar garke. A general, zaman Mafarin abubuwa a matsayin abokin ciniki, da kuma mai karɓar aikin kira uwar garke aiki. Saboda haka, SIP siffofin da ake aiwatar a cikin sadarwa endpoints, sabanin al'ada SS7 damar cewa ana aiwatar a cikin cibiyar sadarwa.

SIP, ta sha bamban a cewa fasahar da aka tasowa a IT, da kuma ba a cikin harkokin sadarwa masana'antu. SIP-yarjejeniya da aka daidaita, kuma aka yafi ƙaddara da IETF, yayin da wasu (misali, H.323) suna al'ada hade tare da kasa da kasa Sadarwa Union (ITU).

cibiyar sadarwa abubuwa

SIP ma'anar mai amfani da jamiái, kazalika da dama iri cibiyar sadarwa uwar garke abubuwa. Biyu SIP endpoints iya sadarwa ba tare da wani tsaka-tsaki kayayyakin more rayuwa. Duk da haka, wannan dabarar ne sau da yawa impractical ga gwamnatin sadarwa, wanda na bukatar sabis kundayen don bincika samammun nodes a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. SIP-yarjejeniya littãfi ba zai iya samar da irin wannan aiki.

mai amfani wakili

Mai amfani wakili SIP (UA) mai ma'ana cibiyar sadarwa endpoints. Suna amfani da su yi ko karɓar saƙonni, kuma, da ita sarrafa SIP-zaman. SIP-UA iya yi rawar da wani mai amfani da wakili abokin ciniki (UAC), wanda ke aika SIP buƙatun da kuma ta uwar garke (UAS), wanda ya karbi inquiries da kuma dawo da wani SIP martani. Irin wannan iko asusun da UAS aka yi kawai a lokacin SIP ma'amala.

telephony

SIP-telephony, a gaskiya, shi ne IP-telephony, wanda aiwatar da abokin ciniki da kuma uwar garke ayyuka SIP-mai amfani da wakili. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi na samar da wani gargajiya tarho kira zabin - Dial, Amsa, sabawa riƙewa / saki da kuma kira isar.

SIP-da-gidanka na iya za a aiwatar a matsayin hardware na'urar ko matsayin softphone. Saboda masana'antun suna ƙara yin amfani da wannan yarjejeniya a matsayin misali telephony dandali (a cikin 'yan shekarun nan - ta hanyar 4G), bambanci tsakanin hardware da software SIP-da-gidanka shika-shikan kasance Heart. Bugu da kari, abubuwa na Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki yau aiwatar da asali ayyuka na firmware na da yawa IP-sa na'urorin. Misalan sun ha] a iri-iri na'urorin daga Nokia, kuma BlackBerry, kuma SIP-yarjejeniya a kan Android ne yanzu da ba makawa sabis.

A SIP, a HTTP, da mai amfani da wakili iya gane kanta ta Header filin posts User-Agent, dauke da wani rubutu bayanin irin software / hardware / abubuwa. amfani-wakili filin a cikin request sakon yana daukar kwayar cutar. Wannan yana nufin cewa samun SIP server iya ganin wannan bayani. Cibiyar sadarwa abubuwa Zama Qaddamarwa layinhantsaki wani lokacin za su iya adana wannan bayani. Kuma zai iya zama taimako a diagnosing karfinsu matsaloli.