Shahararren Oka Terraced Reserve? Dabbobi, da kuma shuke-shuke Oka Terrasny ajiye

A tsakiyar karni XX (1948) aka yanke shawarar canza manyan ajiye, dake a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, a cikin biyar na daban kamfanoni. A m sau domin yanayi kiyayewa (1951) a Moscow Region 4 reserves aka soke. Tun wannan lokacin, Oka Terraced Reserve - da daya kawai a cikin unguwannin bayan gari.

Ya tafiya a cikin manyan cibiyar sadarwa na biosphere reserves ta UNESCO. A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1979, ya samu satifiket.

Daga cikin tarihi na hadaddun

Terraced Oka Muciya Reserve fara da ayyukan a watan Yuni na shekarar 1945, na farko a matsayin wani ɓangare na zurfin kansu.

Bayan samun halin da ayyuka biosphere muhimmanci widened, don haka 1984 godu bango monitoring tashar da aka halitta nan, wanda ya kasance babban abu na yanayin kallo da kuma ganewa na gur ~ da abubuwa masu cutarwa da za su iya shigar da ƙasa

A farkon 70-ies Terraced Oka Muciya Reserve fara gudanar da muhalli monitoring a wata mafi girma yanayin kasa matakin.

ayyuka

Mutane da yawa daga cikin masu karatu za su san yadda za ta yi aiki da wadannan kungiyoyi a sassa daban daban na kasar mu. Idan kana sha'awar fiye da sanannen Oka Terraced Reserve, a fara da, bari mu ga abin da ayyuka da aka sanya wa kungiyar.

Na farko shi ne tanadin da musamman halitta hadaddun, hankula na yankin.

Tsit nazari ta kunsa da Reserve kuma da makwabtan yankunan. Maido da kiyayewa da na halitta Fauna da Flora.

A binciken, kiwo waste zuwa ga tsohon mazauninsu na Turai bison.

Kamar yadda ka gani, ko da a kan tushen da ayyuka za ka iya zana wasu karshe game da abin da ya shahara Oka Terraced Reserve.

A lokacin da dogon tarihi, shi yana da aiki na sabuntawa da kuma kiyayewa daga m hali na wannan nau'in a cikin yankin. A sakamakon wannan hadaddun da multifaceted aiki a cikin wani gagarumin enrichment na fauna daga Moscow yankin.

Yan asali view of wadannan wurare - da dabbar beaver - farkon XX karni ya kusan gama yanke a tsakiyar Rasha Bayyana. Don mayar da shi zuwa ga kare yankin a 1948 ya kawo Beavers 4 misali na ajiye na birnin Voronezh. Shekara bakwai daga baya (1955) shiga da yawan jama'a na da 2 nau'i-nau'i daga Rasha lõkacin saukarsa.

A shekarar 1962, wadannan dabbobi fara shirya. Tuni a shekarar 1973 akwai wani kudancin Moscow yawan, lambobi 110 beavers a 30 ƙauyuka a cikin aikin gandu na Oka. A watan Oktoba 2003, a waje da ƙasa na ajiye, a cikin Serpukhov gundumar, akwai riga 68 ƙauyuka na wadannan dabbobi dubu 329 mutane.

yanayin damina

Terraced Oka Muciya Reserve, a photo wanda za ka iya gani a wannan labarin, daban-daban temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi. A wannan yankin, hunturu ne moderately m, da kuma lokacin bazaar ne dumi. A talakawan shekara-shekara iska zazzabi ba ya tashi sama - 3,9 ° C. A mafi zafi wata - Yuli (+17,7 ° C), da coldest Janairu (10,5 ° C). Matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki - +38 ° C, a kalla - -43 ° C. A shekara-shekara hazo ne kasa da 500 mm na ruwan sama. A kauri daga cikin dusar ƙanƙara cover, wanda ya bayyana a karshen Nuwamba da kuma yana zuwa a watan Afrilu, 55 cm.

taimako

Terraced bayyana, a hankali tilted daga arewa zuwa kudu. Relief vypolozhenny baranda. A halayyar kashi na taimako na tsakiya da kuma arewacin rabo daga cikin ajiye ne sinkholes cewa faruwa a yankunan inda kwal a hankali overlie farar ƙasa.

Don da taimako na kudancin baranda ne halin da m duwãtsu, kuma daga itãce, wanda tashi zuwa 10-15 mita sama da ƙananan, m yankunan.

hydrology

The ajiye ƙasa ba halin mai girma yawan kududdufai. Inda da dama kananan koguna da low ruwa na tafkin da kuma 'yan Marshes. The most waɗansu kõguna - Ponikovka da Todenka, wanda daukan ta asalin waje da ajiye, ta tsawon shi ne game 9 km, nisa game da 4 m.

Na tabkuna su ne mafi girma da kuma Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. A cikin zafi na bazara da tabkuna da bushe up kusan gaba daya. Fadama zauna karamin sashi na area (kasa da 1%).

Animals Oka Terrasny ajiye

Native jinsunan - barewa, wanda aka hallaka a cikin yankin da ƙarshen XIX karni. Don mayar da shi, a cikin Oka Reserve Terraced 2 nau'i-nau'i daga wadannan dabbobi da aka gabatar a shekara ta 1948. Su aka saki a 1950. By farkon shekarar 1957 yawan wadannan dabbobi a cikin ajiye ya kai rikodin lambobi - 63. Daga wannan lokaci deer fara shirya a kan ƙasa na Chekhov da Serpukhov gundumar.

A 1967 mayar kusa Moscow deer yawan kunshi 157 mutane. A watan Fabrairu 2008 da lambar riga ma'aikata 170 mutane. Wannan irin quite nasarar reintroduced da kuma koma zuwa farauta fauna.

muz

Amsa tambaya: "Abin da aka sani Oka Terraced Reserve?", Za mu iya ce: "A karuwa a yawan jama'a da muz." Kafin yakin duniya na biyu da wannan nau'in ya ragu a wadannan wurare. Bayan da yaki, a can ya kasance wani m yawan girma. Yana peaked a tsakiyar 1961 - 1300 dabbobi a cikin Serpukhov gundumar, ciki har da 300 zaune Terraced Oka Reserve.

Saboda da high yawa daga dabbobi da mazauna akwai matsaloli tare da yanayin da na gandun daji, kazalika da jihar da kuma Elk a Kudancin makiyayarta. Akwai wani m hali da kuma bayyanar epizootic cututtuka. Bayan wani cikakken nazarin halin da ake ciki na ajiye dabbobi LV Zablotskaya nace a kan Elk yawan tsari ta harbi. A cikin hunturu 1961 ya aka harbe dabba a cikin ajiye 101 da kuma 128 - a cikin Serpukhov gundumar. A sakamakon haka, a cikin 'yan shekaru da yawan zauna a matakin halatta.

Mafi na kowa ganima daga mazaunan ajiye shi ne a fox. Bugu da kari, a cikin ƙasa rayuwa 11 jinsuna daban na carnivorous dabbobi masu shayarwa, 7 daga waxanda suke a kan wannan ƙasa rayuwa har abada.

Bats (jemagu) an wakilta 11 jinsunan. Daga cikin su - da Natterer ta jemage, plecotus, ruwa, kandami, ja, kananan da kuma ja vechornytsi da sauransu.

Fairly manyan alƙarya da zomo, da wuya za a iya samu hare. Bayan wani dogon rashi koma dabbar beaver, kuma ya farin ciki zauna a kare koguna.

bison

Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa inhabiting Oka Terraced Park, bison, ko kuma wajen, daya daga cikin su irin - Bison bonasus L. - sanya zuwa International Red Littãfi, kazalika a cikin Red Littãfi na Rasha Federation.

A shekara ta 1948, M. A. Zablotsky halitta bison gandun daji. Ya burin - don mayar da bison waddan rare jinsuna. Kafin cikin gandun daji da aka kafa ayyuka:

• rearing kuma saki a gare shi a cikin daji a ga tsohon mazauninsu type, da canja wurin da karfi da lafiya mutane a cikin sauran Zoological gidãjen Aljanna, kuma Nurseries.
• fadada da kuma adana daga cikin gene pool na bison.
• bincike a kan lafiyar qasa, ilmin halitta, ethology bison.
• kyautata da kuma ci gaban sabon hanyoyin kiyaye da kiwo na bison a zaman talala, kazalika karkashin yanayi.

A gandun daji da aka ayi a kan wani yanki na 200 kadada. Domin bison yanayi a nan ne a matsayin kusa da na halitta. gandun daji yanki ne zuwa kashi daidai alkalama. Suna kewaye da raga na waya da kuma alaka da dogon farfajiyoyi.

A kowane alkalami ya ƙunshi bison iyali. Ya ƙunshi wani namiji, 5 (da wuya 4) mãtã da matasa shekaru 10 watanni. Sa'an nan bison maruƙa rabu da uwayensu, da kuma haifar da wani "matasa" garke.

A karshen shekara ta 2009 a cikin ɗakin kare tãyar da aika zuwa daban-daban yankuna na Rasha, Belarus, Ukraine da kuma sauran jihohi fiye da 328 purebred bison.

A cikin gandun daji gudanar m bincike a kan ilmin halitta, ethology bison. Bugu da kari, cikin Tsakiya bison gandun daji ne da ake shirya da kuma horar da kwararru sosai m, to, wãne nasarar aiki a sauran wurare.

Domin kamanta karatu a cikin gandun daji hada da wani rukuni na American bauna.

Flora

Idan ba ka gane abin da ya shahara Oka Terraced Reserve hotuna posted a cikin na musamman bugu, zai taimake ka ka yi la'akari da yanayin da wadannan m wurare. A ajiye akwai a kan 950 jinsuna daban na shuke-shuke.

Na itatuwa ne musamman na kowa Pine, itacen oak, Linden, Aspen, spruce, Birch. Irin wannan gauraye gandun daji rufe game da 93% na jimlar ajiye.

A cikin mazan, ostepnonnyh gandun daji girma rini tsintsiya, da launin toka-masu gashi Veronica, tsintsiya, sedge, da sauransu. D.

Lemun tsami-Pine-oak gandun daji da kazamta daga Maple da undergrowth na bereskeleta, Hazel, honeysuckle, viburnum da t. D.

Akwai yalwa da berries, inhabiting Oka Terraced Reserve. Shuke-shuke da wannan kungiyar - blueberry, Cranberry, Kislichnaya, kazalika da cranberries da kuma blueberries an fi sau da yawa samu a arewacin Pine gandun daji na ajiye.

tsuntsãye

The ajiye shi ne da yawa daga cikin tsuntsaye. A gauraye gandun daji da suka zabi su fi dace tiers, inda su kajin hadari, suna samun kariya daga abokan gaba da kuma inda yana da sauki don samun abinci. Alal misali, jacks ne a manyan yara babban itace rawanin zubar a farko bene.

Karami tsuntsaye cin kwari shirya a hawa na biyu ko a cikin undergrowth, da kuma shirya mujiya sheƙarsu a ƙasa. Ga za ka iya samun babban tsuntsaye da kananan tsuntsaye, redstart da kuma itacen pipit, nuthatch kuma itace warbler, thrush da zoryanku da yawa wasu.

kiyayewa zone

Domin rage sakamako na aiki adam tattalin arziki aiki buffer zone an halitta a cikin halitta hadaddun ajiye. Da karkararta ne quite sararin - 4710 ha yankin tare da nisa na 2 km. Yana hada floodplain Oka gandun daji gundumomi da suke kewaye da ƙasa.

A wannan yankin, da bambanci ga ajiye, a yarda da iyaka tattalin arziki aiki. Izni da aka kãwo wa dazuka, tare da ci gaba da yankan da aka haramta. Aikin halatta a floodplain na Oka (haramta yankan sabuwar ƙasar). Bugu da kari, an haramta rami, hakar kuma karafa, gina iri daban-daban hanyoyi da kuma gabatarwa ga wani dalili. Sharuddan kama kifi da farauta kamata bugu da žari a hadewa tare da gwamnati.

Educational aiki

The ajiye ne mai kyau kimiyya tushe ga dama manyan makarantu na babban birnin kasar, kazalika da makarantu na Rasha. Ga fitina dalibai daga daban-daban sassa da kuma rassan Moscow Jami'ar Jihar, Moscow aikin gona Academy Timiryazev. Ga dalibai samun kwarewa na nazarin halittu baiwa na Moscow Jami'ar Jihar. Bugu da kari, akwai kwararru daga daban-daban da cibiyoyin bincike. Shi ne aiki ga matasa naturalists a ajiye - lyceums da kuma makarantu.

Oka Terraced ajiye: abokin ciniki reviews

A cewar wadanda suka ziyarci wannan ban mamaki wuri, shi ya halitta yanayi masoya. All sha'awan mai ban mamaki da kuma rare a zamanin yau da damar ganin ruwan tekun Atlantika kyau na Moscow yankin da kuma na musamman, wani lokacin a kan gab da karewa, jinsunan shuke-shuke da dabbobi.

Baƙi ne gamsu da cewa ajiye ke tafiya su tare da gogaggen Yanã shiryar da wanda jan competently magana game da dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke.

Mutane da yawa koka da cewa da bison gandun daji tafi da nisa, da kuma shawarci gwamnati shirya wasu kai don samun kusa da yankin.