Saint Afanasiy Veliky na Alexandria: biography, tarihi da kuma bibliography

Saint Athanasius Mai girma (c. 295-373 gg.) Ya kasance daya daga cikin mashahuran shugabannin coci, yana nufin Alexandria patristic makaranta. Farko shi ne mai karɓar na sarki Aleksandriyskogo Aleksandra, sun sauya shi da wani kujera. Afanasiy Veliky aka sani a matsayin mafi shahararren abokin gaba na Arianism. A cikin shekara ta 350 BC. e. Yana da aka kusan kadai bishop na Roman Empire (ko fiye daidai da gabashin rabin) nearianskogo reshe, wanda fitar da kõre sau da yawa. Ya aka canonized da kuma waliyai a cikin Roman Katolika, Orthodox da 'yan Koftik, majami'u.

St. Afanasiy Veliky

Athanasius aka haife shi a kasar Masar birnin Alexandria. Kamar yadda wani yãro, uwarsa kawo shi zuwa ga haikalin da sarki na Alexandria, ya kuma ba da sabis na Allah. Ya kasance mai sosai m kuma na fasaha saurayi, da naciya cika umurnin Allah.

A 319, bayan shekaru 6 na hidimarsa a cikin coci karatu, da sarki albarka saurayin a matsayin Irena na Church of Alexandria.

A cikin shekara ta 325, St. Afanasiy Veliky tare Alexander da farko Ecumenical Council of Nicaea a matsayin Sakatare. Kuma akwai su suna sosai rayayye da hannu a cikin wuya karkata muhawara game da yanayin Almasihu. La'anci Arianism, Arius kansa da aka fitar, da sanarwa busa consubstantial Triniti a matsayin wata alama ta bangaskiya.

A lokaci guda, Athanasius fara rubuta ta farko da ayyukansu. Ya ga wani taƙawa a cikin wadanda suka zo cikin coci na Almasihu, domin da yawa daga cikinsu suna yãsassar magana, malalaci, neman lalacewa daukaka ga kansa, ya kawo a cikin rayuwar Kirista ta arna kwastan da ba daidai ba veruchenie.

Arius

M Arius ya ce duk sabo da ƙasƙantarwa kalmomi game da Yesu da kuma Uwar Allah, da imani cewa Kristi ya kasance ba daidai yake da Allah. Ya kuma sanar da mutane unacceptable ga Ikilisiyar Almasihu na abubuwa, game da shi, angering talakawa. The yawan mabiya wannan karkatacciyar koyarwa ƙãra, sabili da haka ya fara kiran Arians. ƙarya koyarwa rarraba su cike da dukan Kirista Church.

A 326, sarki Alexander mutu. Maimakon haka, ya kuma an zabe Bishop Athanasius. Ya sosai tsanani game da aikinsa, ya buga da yawa daga cikin mutane, wadai da Arians da fafitikar da su ba Kirista akudu. Arians, bi da bi, ya fara ƙiren ƙarya da shi.

Konstantin Veliky

A lokacin da Roman Empire mulki Konstantin na Veliky (306-337.), Wanda lashe a 324 nasara a kan insidious soprovitelem arna Licinius. Constantine ya ji wani real majiɓinci, Ikilisiyar Kirista. Ya so ya juya Kiristanci a cikin addinin jihar. Wannan m masani a harkokin jama'a da kuma Mãdalla da jami'in diflomasiyyar, amma koyarwar Linjila ba musamman da aka sani, don haka shi ne wuya hukunci da abin da yake gaskiya, da abin da yake ƙarya ne, kuma cewa shi ne mafi alhẽri a zabi - Arianism ko Orthodox? Shan wannan rashin tabbas a cikin ra'ayoyi, da Litattafansu shiga cikin duk matsayi da ya sanya waswãsi zuwa gare shi dukan jita-jita, da kuma tsegumi, ya tayar da tsãgewar ƙwãyar.

Constantine ya mai taimako ga bunqasar da iko, amma da ya yi sama na juna gunaguni daga magoya bayan Arius, Athanasius daga magoya bayan. A Misira, ya zama mafi m siffofin, mutane suka fara sau uku kabilanci a tituna.

whacker

Da Akbishop Athanasius juya dukan yaki, ya aka zarge cewa shi ya kasance wani laifi, masihirci da mazinãci wanda ba ku yi ɗã'a ga m kuma yi ba bisa doka ba ayyuka.

Batun da zarar ya kai batu na Wauta, lokacin da ya zargi cewa ya aka yin amfani da wasu irin Yanke matattu hannu da take malamin Arseny, Yãna halitta dukan maita. Arseny ya mai karatu, yayin da wasu da laifi yake boye daga hukumomi, amma ji cewa Afanasiy Veliky kushe su, ya bayyana a gaban kotu abinsa lafiya. Sai aka tsawata ƙarya magoya bayan Arian.

Amma ga su wannan ƙarya da aka bai isa ba, da kuma suka kara da juna, bribing wasu m lady, wanda ya bayyana cewa St. Athanasius so zãlunci; a kan ta. Athanasius aboki Timoti, sauraron bayan ƙofofin wannan munanan la'anta, bisa ga abke, ya shiga dakin shari'a, da kuma bayyana ga mace, kamar yadda idan ya kasance Athanasius, tare da kalmomi: "mileyshaya gãfarta mini abin da na yi tare da ku a wannan dare da tashin hankali." Lzhesvidetelnitsa hysterically kururuwa cewa zai taba yafe wannan kutsawa da kuma mai ɓãtãwa tsarki. A mahukunta ya ga buga fita a comedy, ya yi dariya, ya kore ta.

A saint da aka wanke da sarki da kuma aika zuwa ga kujera na Alexandria.

Zalunci da dama

Sarkin sarakuna Constantine ga dukan zurfin ƙiyayya da cewa zai iya juya a cikin wani real addini yaki, sa'an nan kuma ya tambayi St. Athanasius a lokacin da za a bar.

A halin yanzu, a cikin 330 Arianism aka goyan bayan da jihar, Constantine ya kirawo daga zaman talala Evseviya Nikomediyskogo, sa'an nan Aria.

A 335 Athanasius wadai Taya Cathedral. Ya aka sake ƙarya da ake zargi da hannu a kisan na firist Arseny meletianskogo da kõre su Trier. Amma bayan mutuwar Sarkin sarakuna Constantine a 337, ya aka koma gida daga gudun hijira.

sarkin sarakuna Constantius

Sarkin sarakuna na biyu dan Konstantina Konstantsy. Dukan na sarki kotu tsayu domin Arians, ya fara zalunci da Orthodox Kiristoci, bishops kõre, ya fara mamaye karagu mugayen mutane. Afanasiy Veliky gudu zuwa Roma na shekaru uku.

A zaman gudun hijira ne, ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa St Servatius, wanda ya zama ya nuna jin wakĩli a kansu a cikin rigingimu da Arian karkatacciyar koyarwa a majalisar Sardica.

A 340, ya aka sake fitar. A Alexandria ya koma zuwa ga sashen yana da kawai 345, bayan mutuwar Bishop Gregory. Amma a 356 ya sake yi Allah wadai da Milan Cathedral, bayan da ya gudu zuwa Upper Misira da kuma boye a can har zuwa shekara ta 361 har da mutuwa Sarkin sarakuna Constantius.

Fiye da shekaru 20 na Afanasiy Veliky ciyar a zaman talala, sa'an nan bace, sa'an nan dawo gidajensu. Duk da yake shi ya goyi bayan da ubanninmu na zaman zuhudu, Saint Anthony, kuma Pachomius. Daga baya, sai ya rubuta wani littafi game da shi.

Athanasius, a matsayin bishop, ba a gane daidai wanzuwar Orthodox da Arian rassan da Kristanci.

fitina

A tsawon lokaci, da Ubangiji hukunci dukan adalci shari'a: Arius da mabiyansa Litattafansu aka azabtar, amma mugun sarki aka kashe. Bayan ya aka maye gurbinsu da Julian ridda, ya sarautar Jovinian mãsu ɗã'a ga Allah da shi, bayan Valens, wanda, ko da yake a hanyoyi da dama da kuma cutar da Church, amma tsoron bore, a yarda Athanasius komawa zuwa Alexandria kujera kuma zare jiki da salama sarrafa sauran su kwana. Bishop Afanasiy Veliky reposed a kan May 2373 yana da shekaru 76 years.

Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda shekaru 46, ya kasance bishop na Alexandria, tsananta da kuma cin zarafin. Amma ya ko da yaushe koma zuwa wa'azin bishara gaskiya game da Kristi Mai-Ceto.

Afanasiy Veliky: halittun

Jigon ya tauhidin shi ne cewa Allah ya zama mutum saboda mutum zai iya zama Allah. All rayuwata na ciyar a cikin tsaro na gaskiya Afanasiy Veliky. "A cikin jiki ya zama na Kalma" - aikinsa, wanda ya zama tsakiyar rubutu Kiristanci, ba tare da kwatanta ta'addi duk bangaskiya cikin Almasihu.

Bishop Athanasius farko kama da gwaninta na Desert Fathers a cikin littafin "The Life of Antony". Ascetic yin abin da Falsafa ce kawai. Asceticism ya saba falsafa Afanasiy Veliky. "Sharhin a cikin Zabura" wani m gargajiya aiki na patristic tafsirin da damar don karanta matani da kuma yadda ya kamata su gane gaskiya ma'anar da muhimmanci.