Rataye rafters: iri, kafuwa

A wani shiri na mafi muhimmanci mataki ne don ƙirƙirar wani rufin. Yana asusun ga inji matsa lamba na snow a cikin hunturu, gagarumin iska lodi da kuma sakamako na hazo. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa rufin masana'antu tsari na bukatar hankali da kuma kisa na dukan ayyukan da matuqar daidaici da kuma daidaito.

bambance-bambance

A yi na rufin, kazalika da mafi yawan sauran ayyuka a kan gina gidan ne zuwa kashi da dama, saukarwa. The na'urar na rataye rafters ne ɗaya daga cikinsu. Ya kamata a lura da cewa truss a kan fasaha halaye na tsarin iya bambanta muhimmanci.

Babban bambancin shi ne da embodiment na rataye support abubuwa a kan tsarin mauerlat juna da kuma a kasa ko a saman kunya part. Wannan shi ne, su suna located ba tare da goyon bayan tsaye, ba tare da wanda shi ba zai iya yi a cikin samuwar naslonnoy tsarin.

Shi ne kuxi don amfani da irin wannan embodiment in babu qazanta ciki ganuwar a cikin ginin. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a yi amfani da, idan ya cancanta, da yin amfani da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi sarari. Kamar yadda wani misali gina wani mansard rufin.

The zane na rataye rafters daukawa a kan gine-gine ganuwar yadda nake alfaharin fa inji load - shi ne makawa halin kaka na rashi a cikin abun da ke ciki na tsaye goyon bayan. Saboda haka, tsari da irin wannan truss tsarin ne ba tare da abin da ake kira screed. Yana da wani horizontally sanya kashi overtighten da rafters, godiya ga wannan bango ne batun kasa danniya yadda nake alfaharin fa. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa rage matakin na screed taro qara inganci.

girma

Truss tsarin, tare da sanya wani rataye tsari, yana mai yawa tabbatacce sarrafawa yi. Inganci da m kisa ba da isasshen rufin ƙarfi kuma rage tasiri lodi exerted a kan shi. Idan aka kwatanta da naslonnoy tsarin, yana da ƙasa da nauyi, wanda rage overall load a kan garu Tsarin da, bi da bi, kan na gidan.

Ta hanyar aikace-aikace na m aka gyara kasa abu ne da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar da labulen trusses.

Naslonnye kuma rataye rafters

Idan gidan yana da wani babban birnin kasar ciki bango, ya fi amfani naslonnaya tsarin a yi daga cikin rufi a matsayin goyon baya tsarin. An wani key bambanci shi ne, a gaban wani ƙarin ciki kashi da ciwon girmamawa a kan shafi ko ciki hali bango. A sakamakon haka, da kaya da aka canjawa wuri zuwa da canja wurin kawai a kan lanƙwasa. Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan shiri, shi ne ya kamata a lura da in mun gwada low nauyi, da kuma bukatar yin amfani da wani karamin adadin abu don yi.

Ga wasu lokuta, misali a cikin farfadowa daga guda, rufi a kan da dama Al'arshinSa, na bukatar lokaci daya amfani da biyu naslonnyh tsarin da kuma dakatar. Rafters, naslonnoy tsarin nodes a cikin wannan embodiment da ake amfani a wannan bangare na gidan inda akwai m support, bi da bi, inda suka yi ba, ya magance wani tsarin.

matakai na erection

Bayan kayyade irin trusses za a iya dauka domin ainihin gini. Don fara, a Schematic zane da aka yi. Ya kamata a lura da cewa, nan da nan shi ne kyawawa su amince da kwararru, saboda yana da zama dole gwaninta da kuma kwarewa a wannan filin. Tari na lissafin a matakin da layman - a wajen m aiki tun da zane za a iya sanya kurakurai da cewa za a iya kai wa ga daga baya canja mutuncin rufin tsarin ko ta zuwa ga halaka.

Da zarar zane da aka halitta, shi farawa yin kara da ayyuka, watau shigarwa mauerlat. Dace da wannan katakai da ciwon giciye sashe na 20x20 cm, an sanya a kan kewaye garun, ba da karfi. Kana bukatar ka biya da hankali ga gaskiyar cewa ga mauerlat bukatar kariya daga danshi, don haka na musamman kayan aka saka a karkashin shi, misali, yin rufi abu.

Lokacin amfani da block ko tubali ga erection na ganuwar, da ake bukata domin tsayar da leveling na kankare screed a periphery daga gare ta, kuma amma sai iya sa mauerlat.

Kamar yadda littattafai na rafters ne mafi kyau don amfani da wani katako block da giciye sashe 20X5 cm. Idan bukata, sai ya ga kashe wani m tsawon, da ƙananan gefen musamman cuts aka sanya don tabbatar da cewa sun dakatar da wani m mauerlat.

Rataye rafters za a iya shigar ta amfani da kunya wanda yake koyar da ƙarin tsarin rigidity. A shirya rufin trusses ba tare da dangane zuwa ga sama na dole a yi tare da mayar da hankali da kuma ba overlapped.

Akwai biyu hawa zaɓuɓɓuka: shigarwa na farko biyu m nau'i-nau'i daga ƙafãfu da kunya, sa'an nan ya sa sauran, ko dai domin. More fĩfĩta ne na farko embodiment, tun saboda shi za a iya samu a lokacin da tanadi, kazalika da mafi m zane, barga zuwa yawa kaya iri iri.

Domin yi na puffs amfani da wannan abu a matsayin na rafters. Tightening saka a cikin wani kwance matsayi. Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, da ƙananan wurinta, da mafi alheri ne da halaye. Wajibi ne a yi la'akari da wannan al'amari, wanda yake da muhimmanci musamman idan ka shirya ta yi aiki cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi sarari. A rashin dace size katako don ƙirƙirar wani tightening iya tambaya yatsa hadin gwiwa abun yanka.

Rataye rafters: zane da kuma gyara

Lokacin da installing da dakatar da tsarin shi ne muhimmin hanyar da a haɗa nodes. Bugu da kari ga fastening da sukurori ko kusoshi, ya zama ba fili da kwayoyi da kuma kusoshi, ramuka ake fadi na sukar wannan manufa a wasu wurare.

Shi ne m gudu da fasaha cuts. Ga kowane fili truss tsarin abubuwa dole ne a yi ta a kalla biyu fastener abubuwa. A matsayin misali, biyu tightening fastening sukurori ko kusoshi, bi da janye daga cikin Threaded sanda.

labule abubuwa

Lokacin da tsarin da aka shigar rataye rafters, yana da daraja ambaton game da samuwar eaves. Yana da kyawawa da cewa tsawon na asali sa a cikin size of rafters, amma kudin da gine saboda wannan karuwa. Don kasafin kudin masana'antu overhangs amfani kaifi jirgin, wanda sigogi dauki kashi 10x5 cm. Kafa gare "fara", su tsawon ya kamata a zaba don haka kamar yadda zoba a kan rafters a saman ya akalla 50 cm. Fastener da threaded sassa .

A mauerlat kashe cuts bukata size for tighter connection. Domin imparting ya karu inji ƙarfi daga tsakiyar "fara" kuma tsayayyen reference mashaya kananan size, wanda ake gyarawa a gefe na eaves da kuma na sama na mauerlat.

Fili trusses kwashe overlapping da butt. A farko embodiment, da labulen rafters ake gyarawa zuwa juna ta hanyar bolting. Na biyu karfi nodes a haɗe faranti, wanda bauta a matsayin farantin karfe ko jirgin.

Cornice fili trusses kuma tightening kulli aka yi orthogonal frontal notching da ciwon guda ko biyu hakori, kazalika da faranti ko allon.

Alaƙa triangular baka

Irin wannan embodiment na truss rafters ne mafi sauki. Dalili na arches a kan uku abubuwa: a kwance katako (tightening) wanda gyaran gaba daya da labulen mamaye rafters a cibiyar ko a kasa, da kuma biyu gangaren rafters kafafu a hade a saman. Tightening kafa daga karfe sanduna ko katako bim, daukan kan biasing karfi don haka daukar kwayar cutar zuwa da matsanancin ganuwar a tsaye kaya daga gidan. Saboda wannan, shi ya zama da sauƙin farm goyan baya a kan garu tsarin: shi ne saka a wuri na saba mauerlat jirgin, wanda aka yi amfani da su redistribute data kasance load.

A wurin da tushe daga cikin rafters aka sanya a tightening da bukatar haifar da wani ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi bene. Ana amfani da goyon bayan matsakaici benaye. A wasu yanayi, tightening aka saka a wata mafi girma matakin. Saboda haka kara tensile danniya da cewa da dama a kan shi, amma a cikin span trusses Rage lankwasawa sojojin.

alaƙa baka da aron kusa

Wannan farm ne na gani ya yi kama da gable rufin tare da rataye rafters, kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, a cikin wani nau'i na alwatika. Babban bambancin shi ne, a cikin used goyon bayan a kan garu. A transom baka tushe rafters gyarawa a cikin GROOVES, waxanda suke da samuwa a mauerlat. A kan garun, ban da a tsaye sojojin ma zo da spacers. A midspan saka tightening (a cikin wannan hanya, shi ne ake kira matattu aron) da ake amfani da matsawa. Kamar yadda wani sakamako, mafi sauki Dutsen rafters da bim.

Arch da alaƙa dakatar

Idan rataye rufin rafters yana da nisa fiye da 6 m, da wuya isa ya ba mai sauki uku-kashi gona. Da fari dai, domin samar da tightening na wannan size daukan lokaci mai yawa da neman mashaya. Abu na biyu, dogon puff sags a tsakiyar nauyi nauyi. Saboda haka, dakatar da aka yi amfani a matsayin kari baka - wani daki-daki, abin da hadawa tightening da cibiyar da kuma saman baka. A tightening kashi da aka hada da sassa biyu, da bolting. Katako dakatar ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai kakarsa, da kuma ƙarfe - tyazhem.

Arch hinjis irin tare da Katakon

Don rage deflection, akwai a cikin rafters, baka dakatar struts suna kara da cewa, waxanda suke da karkata abubuwa backwater rafters a cibiyar na span. Kamar wancan ga abutment kansu dakatar struts amfani.

ƙarshe

A sama ƙarshe shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa saboda dace kisa na biya da kuma total ayyukansu, rataye rafters da Performance ba zai haifar da naslonnym. Bugu da kari ga zaman lafiya da kuma high ƙarfi, da yin amfani da wannan shiri damar samar da ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi sarari, dace da amfani a kasuwanci ko wasu dalilai. A cikin hali na tsari na wani mansard rufin, wannan truss tsarin shi ne manufa zaɓi.