Orthoptera kwari: description, halaye, da iri da kuma rarrabuwa

A ajin na kwari, detachment orthopters asusu domin kusan 25 thous. Species, 651 daga gare su rababbe da burbushin jinsuna. Sun kasance a cikin tsari novokrylyh kuma da bai cika hira. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan da fitowan na larvae da kama da adult kwari, wanda ke nufin su iya samun fili idanu, mouthparts irin wannan tsarin da kuma bullar gaba fuka-fuki. A kimiyya sunan wadannan larvae - Nymphs. Bari mu dauki wani look a kusa, wasu Orthoptera kwari da muka hadu sau da yawa, da kuma abin da muka sani game da su.

tsarin fasali

Detachment Orthoptera Orthoptera kira a Latin. Wani lokacin ake magana a kai a matsayin Saltatoria. Tawagar kasu kashi biyu ya zama ruwan dare suborder: Nematocera da korotkousyh.

Mafi sau da yawa Orthoptera kwari da irin wannan yanayin jikinsu. An elongated, tare da wani fairly manyan kai da kuma ci gaba da idanu. Biting mouthparts sau da yawa directed zuwa ƙasa, amma a wasu jinsunan (crickets) - gaba. A kan gaban kai located antennae na daban-daban siffofi.

Kirji da baya ya kasu kashi uku segments. Pronotum ya ɓullo a kaikaice lobes ba rufe ta kai. Middle da kuma raya sassa na baya suna masu hada kai da kuma rabu da kaifi stitches. Wannan ke tsakiyar da kuma raya sassa na nono.

Orthoptera kwari da halayyar siffar da Hind kafafu. Suna elongated kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da gaban da kuma samun kauri a kwatangwalo, wanda ya samar da da ikon tsalle. Duk da haka, akwai nau'in da cewa sun rasa ikon tsalle. A cikin Hind tibia kafafu ne babban adadin ƙaya, kuma a karshen - 'yan kakar. Front da kuma tsakiyar kafafu tsara don guje, digging ko fahimtar ƙungiyoyi.

Kwari na domin Orthoptera yana da m elytra leathery tsarin da jam'i na jijiyoyinmu. Su located babban ɓangare na audio na'urar. A fuka-fuki na wannan kwaro ne fan-siffa. A baya na ciki ya ƙare da tsuliya farantin, na karshe na wanda sternite maza al'aurar suna located, kuma ga mace - da ovipositor.

rarrabuwa

Masana kimiyya sun raba da wadannan kungiyoyin na kwari: Tarakanov, Orthoptera, earwigs, da sauransu. Dukan su ne kwari da bai cika metamorphosis. A fili, wannan kama masanin isa ya hada su a cikin daya naúrar. Wasu lokaci entomologists yi imani da cewa Orthoptera kwari ciki superorder pryamokryloobraznyh da kuma hada fara, crickets, fara ne kawai, medvedok, earwigs, kyankyasai da mantids. Wannan sanarwa an dauke gaskiya har zuwa karshen karni na karshe. Amma a yau, bayan da yawa lura da kwatancen, a superorder pryamokryloobraznye hada Orthoptera, watau fara ne kawai, crickets, medvedok, fara ce da wani raba detachment - earwigs.

Tsohon aboki - fara

Za ka iya tunanin cewa duk saba daga yara fara, an sanya daya daga cikin tsofaffin umarni na kwari a duniya? Bayyana "trills" matasa mawaki ji don haka tsawo da cewa yana da wuya su yi tunanin. Tashi fara ne kawai ba su sani ba yadda, amma godiya ga mai karfi na tsallen-baya kafafu, da nisa sosai jure, taimaka kansa bakin ciki m fuka-fuki. Tare da wasu stretch na tsalle kwari iya har yanzu sukan danganta zuwa tashi. An ban sha'awa siffa daga cikin fara - ya sa sauti da kuma ji da ƙafãfunsu!

Yana da wuya su yi tunanin, amma fara ta kunne a kan gaban kafafu da kuma shirya shi game da wannan a matsayin wani mutum. A bakin ciki membrane kumburin ƙarƙashin rinjayar sauti, da vibrations makale m m nama suna sarrafa da kuma aika zuwa ga kwakwalwa. Wallafa takamaiman trills fara kafafu da kuma elytra. A cikin maza, akwai wani "madubi" da "Bow", located a dama da hagu reshe hali. Tsallaka da kafafu da kuma fuka-fuki fašakarwar, fitarda chirping fara, wanda ya kira da iyakoki da karkararta, da janyo hankalin mace.

cricket

Cricket da wasan kurket - omnivorous kwari. Duk da haka, da son su ba su kayan lambu abinci.

Crickets an san su da yamma "singing". wadannan kwari ne sau da yawa shirya a gidajensu, gano kansa a duhu secluded wuri. A yanayi da suka tono nasu kananan ramuka domin hunturu. Cricket iya emit daban-daban Ft Irfan sakonni, daya aka yi nufi ga ji mãtã, kuma sunã tunkuɗe sauran fafatawa a gasa.

Medvedka

Mole kuma haƙa Tunnels. Yana kullum take kaiwa wani boye rayuwa, gano kansu a nan, ba kawai abinci amma kuma tsari. A Hind kafafu wadannan kwari ba kamar yadda da raya matsayin cewa na fara ne kawai, kuma crickets, amma gaban da ƙarfi su yi ta tono hadaddun karkashin kasa sassa.

Mole crickets da dare iya zo cikin farfajiya. Wadannan kwari iya tashi, amma ba kyau isa. Fikafikai mole crickets aka kafa a cikin irin wannan hanya haka kada su tsoma baki tare da shi don motsawa karkashin kasa baya da kuma fitar.

Mole crickets yawanci ficewa domin rayuwa floodplains, amma mafi sau da yawa aka sãme su a gidãjen Aljanna, kuma gonaki. Domin truckers medvedok mamayewa zai iya zama ainihin bala'i.

earwigs

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, earwigs - mai raba naúrar a superorder pryamokryloobraznyh. Su ne kananan kwari da gajeren fuka-fuki kuma dogon jiki. Daban-daban na earwigs da daban-daban damar iya yin komai don tashi. Wani bai tashi, wasu kwari, amma bad.

Earwigs - omnivores, earwig kwari. The fi so da matabbata a gare su - yankin da ke da iyaka da mutum habitation. Kwari sa lalacewar truck amfanin gona, amma a lokaci guda ya kare su daga aphids kuma gizo-gizo mites.

Earwigs son zuwa lambu furanni. Sunã halakar da wardi, peonies, phlox, asters, amma farin ciki cizon kayan lambu da kuma tushen amfanin gona, ba zai daina matasa seedlings kuma daga ornamental plantings.

Masana kimiyya sun bayyana fiye da 1300 jinsunan kwari, game da ashirin da su auku a cikin latitudes. Bugu da kari ga wakilan rai dukan aikin lambu kakar, kuma akwai earwigs mayflies, wanda rayuwarsa ne yawo a cikin 24 hours.

Mun zana karshe

kwari na oda - Tarakanov, Orthoptera, earwigs, mayflies - sosai ban sha'awa, don gano. Kowace daga cikinsu yana da halaye. Wani waka da yamma kira-up songs for mãtã, daya ne iya hallakar da noma amfanin gona. Binciken da halaye, za mu iya fahimtar mataki na kasadar zuwa gidanka ko lambu. Wannan zai taimaka wajen daukar mataki a cikin yaki da kwari na lambu da kuma kayan lambu na mãkirci.