Nezadymlyaemye staircases (H1, H2, H3) da wuta gudun hijira tsani

A zamani da mataki na kimiyya da fasaha ci gaba ba zai tasiri da wanzuwar gaskiya cewa wuta na shekaru dubbai ya kasance, ya zauna, daya daga cikin abokan gaba mafiya hatsari na mutum habitation.

Duk da tartsatsi gabatarwar dokokin danganci yin amfani for ciki ado na musamman ba combustible kayan, statistics ne inexorable: gidaje mutane a yau ba yana nufin rigakafi.

Sau da yawa, kawai abu da ya saura a taron na wuta da mazauna ne, ta gudu, da cewa shi ne za a kwashe. A safest hanya fitad da high gine-gine - wuta gudun hijira tsani.

Hadari da mutane cikin hali na wuta ne ba kawai a wuta. Hatsari kuma shan taba. Amma mafi tsanani, maƙiyi ne ganuwa - carbon monoxide. A mutum ba zai iya lura da makamantanta (da bambanci da na al'ada kona, carbon monoxide yana da wani wari ko launi). Carbon monoxide guba halin da m ci gaba. Bayan 'yan mintuna da aka azabtar iya rasa sani, to, shi ne kusan babu damar mafaka.

Saboda haka, a kowane gidan dole matsayin muhimmin sharaɗi na ceto occupants a lokacin wata wuta suna sanye take nezadymlyaemye matattakala. Abin da iri nezadymlyaemyh matakala da matattakala?

Tsãni - wani muhimmanci kashi na ginin

A bene ne wani ɓangare na Multi-storey gine-gine. Daban-daban na al'ada yi hidima ga benaye saƙonni da kuma fitarwa matakala, t. E. Nezadymlyaemye.

A gaban na karshen ne wani muhimmin sharaɗi ne ga wanda aka bayar da fitarwa na mutane a wuta. Domin a yawan gine-gine da shi ne shibtarsu da SNIP, saboda haka tabbatar da samar da gine-ginen domin a cikin halittar aikin Tsarin.

Fitarwa matakala: ganawa

Fitarwa ladders dole ne dole ne su kasance ba a high-Yunƙurin gine-gine. Wannan zane tabbatar da aminci da occupants a lokacin wata wuta ko a yanayin da sauran gaggawa. Construction na gaggawa mataki a cikin daban-daban iri gine-gine shi ne batun wasu nagartacce game da su size, sanyi da kuma wuri. Ko da kuwa da irin model, hidimar wadannan Tsarin - tabbatar da lafiya mafita daga mutane daga gini a hali na bukata.

A sufurin, ma'aikata da kuma baƙi cibiyoyin amfani da fitarwa matakala iya barin gabatarwa ba tare da hatsari ga rayuwa da kuma kiwon lafiya. Mafitar gaggawa da aka tsara don kare su daga wuta kuma da hayaƙi. Yana da muhimmanci sosai ga tabbatar da sauki damar shiga duk a cikin ginin.

Fitarwa matakala za a iya amfani da a matsayin wani mafita daga gabatarwa. Wannan gaskiya ne ga shuke-shuke da cewa ba su da wani raba baya ƙofar. Wuta aminci dokokin hana aiki na gine-gine sama uku benaye, ba su sanye take da mafita da matãkalai.

wuri

Specific bukatun an hõre ta a cikin wurin location of fitarwa mataki. Yawanci, su jeri a baya na zayyana jama'a Ginin ko kawo karshen, idan da za'a bude mafita.

Idan samarwa tsari na mafitar gaggawa a cikin ginin, domin kuwa wani tsãni a ware wani raba dakin ko hallway. Wannan wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa a cikin hali na wuta don tabbatar da kare lafiyar mutane da kuma hana sauko block ne sau da yawa ne kawai zai yiwu fita daga gidan.

Wannan dakin dole ne a bayar da wata wuta resistant dari, wanda shi ne m ga a kalla 1 chasa tsare harshen wuta. Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da sealing na gidajen abinci da kuma sauri kau na hayaki.

Kowane kasa dole ne a sanye take da damar yin amfani da stairwell. Its nisa ya dogara da girman da nassi, saukarwa. Semi-model samar da wuri daga cikin site cikin dakin, da ƙofar wadda take kaiwa zuwa waje mataki. Wannan shi ne mai kyau wani zaɓi don lokuta inda yake da shi ba zai yiwu ba don kammala kadaici da nassi na hayaki.

Ga bude waje irin na musamman sharudda: nesa daga gefen da tsani da garun zama 100 cm Wannan rage hadarin shigar azzakari cikin farji daga wuta a kan mafitar gaggawa da kuma hana dumama da tsarin, kazalika da kare handrail ..

kayan

Tun da wannan tsarin da aka yi nufin amfani a gaggawa yanayi, gami da gobara, musamman bukatun saboda da zabi amfani domin ta yi kayan. Babban yanayin ne don tabbatar da karfin da wuta juriya da mataki. Saboda haka, mafi m kayan kamar kankare da karfe.

Amfani da kayan da suke flammable, marmashe ko emit mai guba abubuwa a lokacin da mai tsanani, ne tsananin haramta.

SNIP da Gost

Standards Gost da SNIP nagartacce an kayyade, wanda installs iri daban-daban mataki. Su damuwa da fitarwa model.

• A misali gangaren fitarwa matakala ne, a cikin abin da rabo daga cikin dabi'u na tsawon kuma span tsawo ne 2: 1.
• 1 ga Maris a yarda da kasancewar 3-18 digiri. 2-majibincin su yawan kada wuce 16 raka'a.
• Da nisa daga cikin natsuwa, dole ne ku bauta wa tabbatar da ta'aziyya na motsi, mafi kyau duka size - 24-29 cm.
• A mataki tsawo ne yawanci 20-22 cm.
• Da nisa daga matakala da aka tanada irin bukatun, a cikin abin da a lokaci guda ba zasu wuce for 2 mutane. The mafi ƙasƙanci inganci darajar ne - 1 m da aka yarda su rage girma na waje Tsarin up to 70 cm ..
• Playground tsakanin zanga size kamata dace da nisa daga cikin matakala da kuma fita a kan shi.
• Don a tabbatar da lafiya fitarwa na gini a hali na wuta dole ne a bayar da damar yin amfani da tsani da take kaiwa zuwa wani fili ko a raba dakin, kariya daga wuta kuma da hayaƙi.

rarrabuwa

Fitarwa matakala suna classified da irin abu, tsari, da kuma halaye na da tsarin. Akwai uku main iri na zamani fitarwa na matakala, waxanda suke da halaye daban-daban kamar manufa, nisa da sanyi:

• sanya a kan musamman nezadymlyaemyh a kanta a cikin gini.
• An located a cikin ginin, kuma ba masu garu katangu.
• kuma shi ne dake waje da tsarin Fita.

A karshen da aka yi amfani da musamman domin fitarwa, yayin da farko iri biyu matakala ne, wani lokacin maye gurbinsu da babban ƙofar.

A kan zai yiwu iri kayayyaki

Domin fitarwa ma amfani kai tsaye flights, bayar da matsakaiciyar dandamali. A wasu lokuta, a lokacin da babu isasshen sarari domin su tsari, a layi daya ko da kadan gangara zuwa bango saka tsaye Tsarin kamar kashe gobara.

tsananin haramta

wuta aminci dokoki haramta wa kafa da tsani:

• tare da zabezhnymi matakai.
• tare da curvilinear da sababbu siffar Al'arshinSa.
• dunƙule.
• da matakai na zalunci size.

Mene ne nezadymlyaemye matattakala?

A gaban wannan Tsarin a cikin gidan da aka tsara don tabbatar iyakar aminci ga rayuka da kiwon lafiya na mutane a yanayin wuta. Suna masu jerin gwanon a wasu size, wadda ya kamata a located in dace yankunan domin su gine-gine.

Daya daga cikin manyan bukatun ga mafitar gaggawa - ya warewa daga hayaki. Nezadymlyaemye staircases bambanta da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da wuta, ba su fada PFD (tururi, hayaki, da sauransu. N.).

A gaban wadannan Tsarin aka bayar da nasara fitarwa na mutane a yanayin saukan wuta a high-Yunƙurin gine-gine. Daban-daban bukatun an hõre ta a kansu, dangane da takamaiman irin.

iri

Nezadymlyaemye matattakala kasu kashi da dama iri, rarraba cewa bambanta su musamman zane fasali, jeri, samar da damar yin amfani da su da kuma ka'idojin aiki. Iri staircases:

• H1 yana dauke da tushe model. A halayyar fasali na zane ne zuwa da damar ta wajen bude yankin. Dole nezadymlyaemosti tsarin kula da mafitar gaggawa.
• H2 azurta iska pressurization idan wuta ya auku.
• H3 ne wani analogue na H2, amma azurta da fita a kan Maris ta hanyar shirayin ƙofar. Har ila yau bayar ne na zaɓi iska overpressure cewa an kawota kamar yadda a cikin wuta, kuma a kan wani gudana-akai.

bukatun

Wuta aminci a staircases bayar dokoki, da samar domin adana adam rayuwa:

• All nezadymlyaemyh ladders shigar gaggawa lighting.
• Da nisa daga ƙofar ya kamata a tsakanin 1.2 m da kuma tsawo - 1.9 m.
• Nisa jimloli a kanta ba za narrower nassi nisa.
• Girkawar nezadymlyaemoy Kwayoyin dab da lif shaft a bango to tabbatar da free damar da iska nuna an shirya (a saman bene matakin).
• A cikin aisles zuwa nezadymlyaemym staircases aka haramta jeri na sirri abubuwa. A entryway ya zama uncluttered, kamar yadda shara iya zama abu mai hana ga fitarwa na mutane da kuma aikin kashe gobara.
• Dakatar kai-taro na unforeseen yi zane partitions da prorubki wurare a data kasance wuta kariya bulkheads.
• Ake bukata kayan aiki nezadymlyaemyh staircases handrails na ba-combustible kayan da kadan mai tsanani.

Nezadymlyaemye matakala H1

"Building Dokokin" ya ce: a cikin gine-gine da tsawo na 30 m, ya kamata a shirya nezadymlyaemye tsani H1 Kwayoyin.

Wannan irin bukatar shigarwa na matakala, waxanda suke da m daga benen kasa yankin, ta yin amfani da sararin samaniya domin gabatarwa na bude-iska. H1 tabo wuri na iya zama wani veranda, baranda ko a kewaye bene abin da aka karɓa daga gabatarwa. Wannan shi ne saboda bukatar tabbatar da na halitta rufi na ginin cika da hayaki daga mafitar gaggawa. Mai ingantaccen zaɓi don irin wannan bene ne mai kusurwa na ginin. A mafi m matsayi - ciki kwana tare da tilas Piers. Da zane alama ne rashin sadarwa kai tsaye da benaye na ginin.

Average mazauni H1 Kwayoyin - a cikin sasanninta a kan Windward gefe na ginin. Suna halin da gaban da baranda irin mi, kazalika da shinge a cikin yin amfani da garkuwoyi. A mi} a mulki aka yi a matsayin bude gallery ko loggia kamata a tabbatar nassi nisa na 1.2 m. Da nisa tsakanin sassa, kazalika da tazara daga bangare da taga dole ne a kalla 2 m.

Nezadymlyaemye tsani H2

Bene H2 aka shirya a wani gini saman bene wanda shi ne a wata tsawo 28-50 m. A sel H2 generated iska overpressure (manufa makera gogayya). Shi ne mai dindindin ko yana buɗewa a cikin hali na wuta ƙararrawa. Har ila yau, zai yiwu a kafa m pressurization yin amfani da iska farashinsa cewa samar da iska matsa lamba cewa dole ne a sanye take da wani uninterruptible samar da wutar lantarki.

A lokacin da zayyana samun iska kamata yadda ya kamata lissafi da gogayya da karfi (ko pressurization). A matsa lamba kamata bayar da damar bude wuta kofofin zuwa mataki. A matsa lamba a kan ƙananan matakin dole ne a kalla 20 Pa, a kan manya - kasa da 150 pascals.

Tambours ko mashigar ta hanyar abin da aka bayar a ƙofar da matãkalai H2 Kwayoyin sanye take da wuta ƙofofi. A wannan category na sel nezadymlyaemyh dace na'urar ne a tsaye partitions spaced 7-8 benaye.

Nezadymlyaemye matakala H3

Nezadymlyaemaya bene H3 kuma gina ta amfani da overpressure. Su bambanci ne na'urar musamman yawo-ta hanyar da dakuna da kai-rufe kofofin. Su girma kada ta kasance kasa da 4 murabba'in mita. m. A sel irin wannan ne da za'ayi a cikin iska madadin sarari shagaltar da ta tsani da kuma a cikin na musamman mashigar. Rod birki ne da za'ayi a kan wani m-akai ko kunna ta atomatik a taron na wuta ko hayaki.

kai tsaye kayan

A lokacin da samar nezadymlyaemyh fitarwa sassa fi amfani da kankare. Shi ne mai lafiya a cikin wuta-kariya mahallin, don amfani da m da kuma dadi abu. A matsayin adjunct don kankare tushe karfe Tsarin amfani da, misali, a cikin yi da kofofi ko fences. Metal Al'arshinSa barata a haske Tsarin constructions.

Da katako abubuwa amfani a cikin wani karamin adadin: katako, dogo ko marikin kofar, wanda ake bukata da za a bi da wuta qagaggun.