Mene ne wani "raster": definition, rarrabuwa, fassarawa zuwa cikin wani vector

Wani zanen sanin abin da juna. Yana da muhimmanci a shirya images ga su gyara, halitta shimfidu. Ga talakawan mai amfani cibiyar sadarwa bambanci tsakanin tsare-tsaren ba haka ba ne mai girma. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kayan yau da kullum na aiki tare da wani zane da cewa kowa da kowa ya kamata ka sani, wanda yake so ya zama iya sarrafa hotuna.

Definition raster, da abũbuwan amfãni, kuma disadvantages

Mene ne wani bitmap? Wannan hoton da aka hada da wani matrix na pixels, fentin wani launi. Su ne sauki lura, da yawa ya fi girma adadi. Fayil da raster graphics rike da code dauke da yawan maki da kuma su launi. Photos, leka hotuna, da misalai a cikin mujallu, da kuma a kan kwamfuta allon - raster. A layin wutar na pixels (dige) iya aika hoto na wani rikitaccen, inuwa, gradients, blur, halftone, 3D-illa da kuma ko da tashin hankali. Photorealism - babban amfani da wannan nau'in na graphics.

A disadvantages na raster hada da wadannan:

1. Rashin hawansa. Kara girma image (watau mikewa da layin wutar na pixels) ko ragewa shi (styanuv haka da cewa wasu daga cikin maki za a rasa), za a iya muhimmanci kaskantar image quality.
2. A bitmap aka iyakance zuwa murabba'i mai dari. Wannan shi ne, a kan aikace-aikace na jawo a kan juna kasa "fãta" karkashin fari bango saman.
3. A mafi hadaddun image, mafi shi Tã fayil.

Features raster

Raster images bambanta a size, ƙuduri, launi kayayyaki da kuma yawan launuka. Excellent ma sosai halaye na Grid. Known iri raster matrix type: na yau da kullum da kuma stochastic.

1. Girman (by nauyi) - jimlar yawan pixels a cikin hoton da aka lasafta a CB (MB, GB). The fi girma, kuma mafi hadaddun hoto, da more shi Tã yi.
2. Resolution - yawan pixels da inch (ppi) a cikin online images, photos, ko dige da inch (dpi) a buga misalai. The fi girma da daraja, da mafi alheri da hoto, bayarda. Standard ƙuduri Internet images - 72 ppi, Buga shimfidu - 300 ppi.
3. Launi module ma'anar asali tabarau. Wannan na iya zama na kowa RGB, a lokacin da ja, kore da kuma shudi ne ba a ba adadin a kowane pixel da kuma hadawa ta samar da ake so launi. Don shirya shimfidu sau da yawa amfani CMYK - module kunshi Cyan, magenta, rawaya da baki. Lab - shi ne "mai haske", da ja-kore da kuma blue-yellow. Toka-toka - inuwõyinta suna kusa, launin toka.
4. Yadda yawa ragowa an shigar wanda ke aiki a kowane pixel dogara da launi na hoto. A monochrome images kowane batu Tã 1 bit. Idan pixel 4 bit juna kunshi 16 launuka. 8 bpp ba 256 launuka, 16 ragowa - 65K launuka 24 ragowa -. Miliyan 16 launuka ..
5. Wadannan iri rasters, dangane da pixel tsararru: akai raga tsarin (tare da shading dige ko layin wutar) stokahtichesky madaidaici kungiyar ta ba, Ina nufin pixels aka shirya da ka.

bitmap sabanin vector

Bugu da kari ga raster format ne vector - a hanya don ƙirƙirar wani juna a cikin abin da pixels na - sauki lissafi siffofi: rectangles, ovals, da'irori, madaidaiciya Lines da kuma masu lankwasa. vector graphics fayil ƙunshi ilmin lissafi dabara - Figures sigogi (diamita, tsawon, nisa, cika launi, kwane-kwane), da location a kan zane (X kuma Y-tsara) da kuma matsayin zumunta da juna. Vector jawo wani zuƙowa da edit - kawai canza halaye na so abu. Lokacin da ka kara ko rage ta image quality ba ya canja. A hoto vector ba a iyakance ga wani rectangular bango - su za a iya saka a cikin juna. A wannan yanayin, ainihin fayil Tã da yawa kasa da raster.

Tare da haka mutane da yawa abũbuwan amfãni cewa wannan allo iya tsayayya wa vector? Images a cikin wannan format iya wuya a kira idon basira - suna da kadan zane mai ban dariya-kamar nuni saboda gaskiyar cewa amfani da m launuka da gradients. Modern graphics Editocin - Corel Draw, kamar yadda Adobe mai zane - zai iya aiki tare da hadaddun effects kamar duwatsu, ta launi blending, blurring, amma raster image aiki capabilities shi ne har yanzu nisa. A vector shirye shimfidu for bugu.

Raster Formats

Raster images za a iya ajiye su a daban-daban Formats, da kuma hira faruwa ne mai sauki - kana bukatar ka bude fayil tare da wani image edita, zaɓi menu abu "Ajiye a matsayin" kuma da ya dace da tsawo.

GIF - mafi sauki format. Yana goyon bayan gaskiya da kuma tashin hankali effects, Tã yi kadan, amma launi na shi ne low - 256 launuka. A GIF ne dace don kantin sayar da jadawalai, Charts.

PNG amfani lossless matsawa da kuma goyon bayan gaskiya da adalci, fiye da launi fiye da GIF.

TIFF da ake amfani da canja wurin daga raster zuwa vector, kamar yadda wannan format ba ci da yadudduka a wani zane.

JPEG - mafi m format amfani ga har yanzu images, leka images, yanar gizo da hotuna.

Yadda za a maida daga raster zuwa vector format

Bukatar ka maida wani bitmap image a cikin wani vector bayyana a cikin layout zanen a yi, ko idan kana so ka kara girma da image, canza shi ba tare da rasa quality. Fassarori cikin vector - ba wani maras muhimmanci aiki, kamar yadda da yawa photo effects ba za a iya taka leda. Tare da atomatik burbushi hoton ingancin ne ƙwarai rage: da launi iya gurbata, rasa bayani na hoto. Wannan ta atomatik halitta abubuwa daga kungiyoyin na pixels na kama da launuka, located a kan kwane-kwane na bitmap. Idan hoton ne hadaddun, halitta abubuwa iya zama sosai, kuma gyara su m. Autorouting samuwa ne a Editocin Corel Drew ko mai zane.

mai kyau image quality za a iya samu ne kawai ta hanyar da manual burbushi. A wannan zanen zanen encircles da kwane-kwane da kuma inuwa ko ƙarar halitta da superposing guda na daban-daban size da kuma launi da juna. A mafi sauki hanyar yin wannan a kan wani mai hoto kwamfutar hannu, Stylus burbushi da line. Da hannu generated image vector ne tsada da kuma sosai prized.

... da kuma mataimakin versa

Rasterization - aiwatar da burbushi da gaban, a lokacin da wani vector zane da za a fassara a cikin wani raster, misali, zuwa kari shi da mafi m daukar hoto tacewa. A wannan yanayin, duk da kyau kaddarorin da vector bace, cewa shi ne, shi zai zama ba zai yiwu ba ga hawansa sakamakon image ba tare da rasa quality. Saboda haka, yana da kyawawa don ci gaba da asali fayil don faɗaɗa ko canza image idan ya cancanta.

Kafin canja wurin da allo (Juyawa zuwa Bitmaps) dole ne ka saita da wadannan sigogi:

1. Launi - da yawan launuka a cikin hoton.
2. Dithered - idan ka kunna wannan abu launi za a kafa ta hadawa.
3. Redolution - ƙuduri.
4. Anti-aliasing - line ko samu karaya farko layout za a smoothed.
5. Trandparent Backgrounf - siga sa bango m.
6. Girman - size.

Saboda haka, ga dama aiki tare da hotunan da kake bukatar ka san abin da raster da vector. Raster image kafa wata jam'i na pixels - karami mai hoto abubuwa. Raster m, kuma ya mayar da yawa photo effects, ko da tashin hankali. Duk da haka, wadannan hotunan wuya a hawansa da kuma canji. Vector, a akasin haka, shi ne mai sauki canza ta canza wani zane abu. yayin da hawa da ingancin kasance iri guda. Duk da haka, da inuwa, blur, hadaddun gradients kuma blending launuka don isar da wuya. Raster zane iya zama game nuni a vector format, da kuma mataimakin versa.